• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.201-203
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• 2001

The Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. with the cooperation of the Japan Association of Contract Laboratories for Safety Evaluation. launched a collaborative study with 38 companies aimed at elucidating the correlation between histopathological/hematological findings and immune function. Seven substances were individually administered to Crj : CD (SD)IGS rats for 14 or 28 days. Their immunotoxicity was assessed by histopathology. hematology. plaque-forming cell assay. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibody to sheep red blood cells. and flow cytometry. Appropriate procedures for immunotoxicology evaluation of pharmaceuticals were considered.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.285-288
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• 1990

The polysaccharide fraction from the rhizome of Trichosanthes kirilowii (Cu-curbitaceae) showed marked antitumor and cytotoxic activity with immunopotentiating activity. It was evidenced by the increase in the number of circulating leucocytes and peritoneal exudate cells and the recovery of lowered antibody forming activity in mice. The polysaccharide was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, fructose, manmose and xylose and a small amount of protein.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.336-338
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• 1993

The immunomodulating activity of Kp, an antitumor protein-polysacchanide preparation from the shake-cultured mycelia of Phellinus linteus, was investigated in ICR mice subcutaneously implanted wit $1\times10^6$ cells of sarcoma 180. The mice were intraperitoneally administered with Kp at a does of 100 mg/kg once daily for five consecutive days starting from 24 hrs after the tumor implantation. Ten days after the last injection, the mice were immunized with $1\times10^7$ or $4\times10^8$ sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and five days later, the antibody-forming immune response were assessed by direct hemolytic plaque assay. To an immunization does of $1\times10^7$ SRBC, the Kp-treated mice elicied a successful humoral immune response despite the turmor-burden and produced $259\times10^3$ plaque-forming cells (PFC)/spleen, while the corresponding tumor-bearing control mice showed virtually no reponse $(2.0\times10^3$ PFC/spleen) (the stimulation index=129.5). However, to an immunization dose of $4\times10^8$ SRBC, both of the control mice and Kp-treated mice showed almost the same level of strong humoral immune response. From these data it is clear that Kp effectively restores the humoral immune response of the turmor-bearing ICR mice.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.348-364
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• 1990

The activities of twenty-one flavonoids and their related compounds on the hypersensitivity reaction against various antigens were studied in vitro and in vivo. 1. Generally flavonoids inhibited significantly the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) induced by reaginic antibody as compared as anaphylaxis by compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation, and so more strongly active in the IgE-mediated anaphylaxis than non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. 2. Flavonids inhibited remarkably Arths reaction, hemolysin titer, delayed hypersensitivity, haemagglutinin titer, rosette forming cells and plague forming cells against sheep red blood cells, and so it exhibited that flavonoids inhibited type 2, 3 and 4 hypersensitivity. 3. Quercetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, disodium cromoglycate, malvin and baicalein were active dose-dependently in the all types of hypersensitivity. Fisetin, daidzein, morin, narigin, flavone, catechin, rutin, hesperidin, neophsperidin, apigenin and chrysin were significantly active in the various types of hypersensitivity, but apigenin, rutin and catechin were less active in the delayed hypersensitivity. Taxifolin was significantly active in PCA and histamine-induced anaphylaxis except other types of hypersensitivity. Rotenone and cyanin also inhibited all types of hypersensitivity, but they are toxic. 4. Based on these results from hypersensitivity, the following flavonoid structure-activity relationships became apparent. 1) Flavonoids with $C_{2-3}$ double bond in C-ring were more active than that of $C_{2-3}$ saturation. 2) Flavonoids with $C_4$ ketone group in C-ring were more active than abscence of them except catechin and malvin. 3) Flavonoids with benzene ring at positions 2 or 3 in C-ring exhibited same activities. 4) Flavonoids with opening of the C-ring does not abolish their activities. 5) The glycosylated flavonoids in position 3 or 7 was less active than their aglycone. 6) Flavonoids with the more hydroxy group in A and B-ring were more active. 7) Flavonoids with or without $C_3-OH$ did not change their activities.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develope enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of canine brucellosis in dogs experimentally inoculated with Brucella abortus 1119-3 and B. canis RM666. Groups A, B and C of dogs (each group consisting of three dogs) were orally inoculated with approximately $5{\times}10^9$ colony-forming units of B. abortus and B. canis, and with sterile pyrogen-free PBS, respectively. The animals were monitored at regular intervals upto the 12th week post inoculation (PI) by standard tube agglutination test (STAT), plate agglutination test (PAT), Rose Bengal test (RBT), 2-mercaptoethanol rapid slide agglutination test (2ME-RSAT) and ELISA. The induced antibody titers in group A dogs were detected from the first week PI to the eighth week PI in STAT, PAT and RBT using the inactivated whole cells of B. abortus 1119-3 as antigens, while no sera in groups B and C dogs reacted with the antigens. In 2ME-RSAT using whole cells of B. canis M-strain as antigens, the induced antibody titers in group B dogs were observed at the second week PI and persisted for the 12th week PI, while sera of groups A and C dogs did not react with the whole cells. In ELISA using cytoplasmic fractions antigen of B. abortus 1119-3, the mean optical density of antibodies in groups A and B was detected from the first and second weeks PI, respectively, and persisted for 12th week PI, while sera of group C did not cross-react with the fractions antigen. However, in ELISA using the hot saline extracts of B. canis M- as an antigen, the induced antibody titers in only group B dogs were detected from second week PI and persisted for until the end of this study. These results indicate that the ELISA using B. abortus 1119-3 cytoplasmic fractions as antigens can be a good candidate for detection of brucellosis by B. abortus as well as B. canis in dogs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

Triazine herbicide has been reported to directly suppress the immune response. In the present study, the effect of simazine on the immune response was investigated. Splenic lymphocytes were treated withmitogen (lipopolysaccaride, concanavalin A) in the presence of simazine. When simazine(300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg) was administrated every day for 3 weeks or 4 weeks, respectively, the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) was decreased. Antibody production of IgM and IgG class was significantly decreased in splenic cells from simazine-treated animals. In addition, when animals were exposed to simazine, the susceptibility of virus infection as well as the growth of tumor cells was increased. These data suggest that simazine affected the immune function and humoral immunity impaired by simazine treatment contributed to pathological process.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 1996

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been reported to directly suppress the immune responses. In the present study, the effect of AFB1 on immune functions was investigated. Splenic lymphocytes were treated with various doses of the mitogens (lipopolysaccharide, concanavalin A) in the presence of AFB1. AFB1 pretretment decreased the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in a dose-dependent manner. Antibody production of IgM and IgG class was significantly decreased in AFB1-treated splenic cells. In addition, when animals were exposed to AFB1, the susceptibility of bacterial infection as well as the growth of tumor cells was increased. These data suggest that AFB1 affected the immune function and humoral immunity impaired by AFB1 treatment contributed to pathological process.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1995

To elucidate pathogenesis of bovine leukemia virus(BLV) in Korean native goats, the goats experimentally infected with BLV were studied especially for the aspects of infectivity and hematological changes. The experimental goats were examined for 27 months by agar-gel immunodiffusion(AGID) test and syncytium formation assay. During this period, changes of total leucocyte, absolute Iymphocyte and atypical Iymphocyte were examined, and the distribution of surface immunoglobulin ( sIg ) -bearing cells and rosette forming cell (RFC) in the peripheral Iymphocyte were also investigated. By indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and complement dependent antibody cytotoxicity (CDAC) assay using monoclonal antibody(Mab) against bovine leukosis tumor-associated anti-gen(BL-TAA), changes of BL-TAA positive Iymphocyte in peripheral blood were measured. The results obtained through the experiment were summarized as follows. 1. Antibody titers were measured by AGID using gP51 and P24 antigens. The animals were serologically converted at 2 months post-inoculation(pi) in gP51 antigen, whereas sero-converted at 4 months pi in P24 antigen. In comparison with antibody titers for gP51, P24 antigen showed lower titers throughout the trial period. 2. The peripheral lymphocytes from all of the infected goats, as co-cultivated with F8l cells manifested syncytial formation at 4 months pi. 3. On counting total leucocyte, Iymphocyte and atypical Iymphocyte, two out of four infected goats showed normal distribution, while No 2 of the remaining two revealed temporal and No 3, Persistant increasing number of the cells. 4. The optimal condition of rosette formation of the peripheral Iymphocyte of normal Korean native goats was shown in the sheep erythrocyte treated with 0.1M AET for 30 nun at $37^{\circ}C$. When the Iymphocytes were treated in nylon wool column, the number of sIg-bear-ing cell were increased in the nylon wool adherent cells, but RFC was increased in the non-adherent cells. Of the infected goats, No 2 and No 3 showed significantly increasing number of sIg-bearing cells at 18 months pi. 5. The Iymphocytes of No 2 and No 3 goats reacted positively in IFA using Mab against BL-TAA at 12 months pi and 18 months pi, respectively. In CDAC test, all of four infected goats revealed positive reaction at 24 months pi. The higher positive rates were observed in No 2 and No 3 as compared with the remainders.

• 생약학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to test the effects of Daturae Flos(DF) and Daturae Semen(DS) on the cellular and humoral immune responses, and the functions of the cells involved in immunoinflammation. Both extracts decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase, and the decrease was greater in the mouse group which was treated with DS. Both extracts decreased the phagocytic activity as measured by assessing the number of the latex particle within the phagocyte after incubation of peritoneal macrophages with fluorochrome-labelled latex particle and decreased natural killer cell activity as measured by enumerating the viable YAC-1 cells after treatment of target cells with splenic natural killer cells. Both extracts also decreased the cell-mediated immunity in vivo as assessed by measuring the ear thickness after sensitization and challenge with dinitrofluorobenzene, however, had no effects on the humoral immune responses as measured by checking hemolysin and hemagglutinin titers after immunization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC). Extracts of Semen caused decrease in the number of rosette forming cells between the splenic cells and SRBC. The results of this study suggested that both Daturae extracts could depress the immunoinflammation by affecting the various cell types involved in inflammation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1988

The effect of rancid perilla oil on the immune response in mice was studied. ICR male mice were divided into 5 groups and were fed on the experimental diets for 4 weeks. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cell. Immune responses were evaluated by antibody production, Arthus reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Rosette forming cell and macrophage activity. Biochemical items were measured by serum protein and serum albumin. The weight of spleen, thymus and liver were measured. The rancid perilla oil diets decreased humoral and cellular immune responses, the number of peripheral circulating white blood cells and total protein and serum albumin. These results showed that the high rancid perilla oil diet decreased more humoral and cellular immune response, the number of peripheral circulating white blood cells, and total protein and serum albumin than the low rancid perilla oil diet did.