• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1997

Helicobacter pylori(HP) has been implicated as the cause of acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. To date the most successful treatment in eradicating HP is known to be the combination of two or more antibiotics with an anti-ulcer drug. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial activity against two was assessed, when proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), omeprazole and lansoprazole, were added to antibiotics at different concentrations. The assays in the absence of PPIs gave minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) value of 0.63 mg/l for amoxicillin, 4 mg/l for tetracycline, 0.08 mg/l for clarithromycin and 0.16 mg/l for azithromycin. At the concentrations of 125 mg/l, 25 mg/1 and 0.5 mg/l of omeprazole, and the concentrations of 31.25 mg/l, 6.25 mg/l and 1 mg/l of lansoprazole, the MICs of clarithromycin and azithromycin were reduced by $50\%$. Also, lansoprazole at the highest concentration 31.25 mg/l reduced the MIC of amoxicillin by $50\%$, and omeprazole at the highest concentration of 125 mg/l reduced the MIC of tetracycline by $50\%$. In conclusion, the in vitro combination of PPIs and antibiotics led to improvement in the MIC of antibiotics against HP associated gastric disease.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.545-552
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effects of NaCl on heat resistance and Caco-2 cell invasion of Listeria monocytogenes in broth media and sausage. A 10-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated in tryptic soy broth containing 0.6% yeast extract (TSBYE), and sausage formulated with 0, 2, 4, and 6% NaCl. The medium was stored at 7, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ for 3-16 d, and medium samples were withdrawn at the appropriate time and challenged to 55, 60, and $63^{\circ}C$ to evaluate the thermal resistance of the pathogen. Sausage samples were stored at 7 and $25^{\circ}C$, and they were exposed to $63^{\circ}C$ to evaluate thermal resistance. NaCl-habituated L. monocytogenes strains NCCP10811 and NCCP10943 were examined for 12 antibiotics and Caco-2 cell invasion assay (only L. monocytogenes NCCP10943). Bacterial populations of L. monocytogenes generally increased (p<0.05) during the heat challenge as NaCl concentrations increased in both TSBYE and sausage samples. The antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes was not observed ($p{\geq}0.05$) when it was exposed to a single concentration of NaCl in TSBYE, but the pathogen obtained resistance to some antibiotics when exposed to a sequential increase of NaCl concentration. Invasion efficiency of L. monocytogenes NCCP10943 was not increased ($p{\geq}0.05$) with NaCl concentration increase. These results indicate that NaCl may increase the resistance of L. monocytogenes to heat and to some antibiotics, but may not increase Caco-2 cell invasion of L. monocytogenes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2023

Acne vulgaris is often associated with acne-related bacteria such as Cutibacterium acnes. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of the methanol extract of the algae Ecklonia cava and its solvent-soluble extract against C. acnes. Among five solvent fractions, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against C. acnes. Furthermore, the EtOAc-soluble extract exhibited the highest total phenolic contents among the five solvent fractions tested. The EtOAc subfraction 07 (Fr. 07) extract showed the highest antibacterial effect against C. acnes and isolated C. acnes along with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 32 to 64 ㎍/mL. Additionally, MICs of antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant C. acnes strains were substantially reduced when antibiotics were combined with Fr. 07, suggesting that Fr. 07 restore the antibacterial activity of the antibiotics. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices clearly revealed an additive synergistic effect of Fr. 07 with antibiotics. The results of the present study suggest a potential role for E. cava in the control of infections related to acne vulgaris.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2007

This study was to determine the extent of bacteria contamination and resistance to various antibiotics used commonly in microalgal culture. Seven different dose levels of chloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin sulphate, neomycin, penicillin G, streptomycin sulphate, penicillin G + streptomycin sulphate, and penicillin G + streptomycin sulphate + chloramphenicol were added to each culture of microalgae. The lethal effects on microalgae and bacteria were the highest in chloramphenicol and the lowest in penicillin G. The axenic culture of bacillariophyceae and dinophyceae was more difficult than that of chlorophyceae and haptophyceae because of their complicate external morphology. The efficient antibiotics and their concentrations for axenic cultures varied with microalgal species. The optimum quantity for antibiotic treatments were 2,000 ppm of dihydrostreptomycin for Chlorella ellipsoidea, neomycin 500 ppm of Isochrysis galbana and Heterosigma ahashiwo, hloramphenicol 500 ppm of Cyclotella didymus, and dihydrostreptomycin sulphate and neomycin 6,000 ppm of Thalassiosira allenii.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.213-216
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• 2000

The marine actinomycetes are very interesting microorganisms for finding of new antibiotics, because they are inhabited in marine environmental conditions, such as salinity, organic material and low concentration of nutrient components that are differ from those of land. In this study, the actinomycetes producing antibiotics from sea waters and bottom deposit samples collected at east coast of Korea were investigated to invent new antibiotics. Nine actinomycetes strains having the antimicrobial activity of 431 actinomycetes were selected from sea waters and bottom deposit samples. Among the 9 strains, the strain having the highest antimicrobial activity was classified to Streptomyces sp. and named Streptomyces sp. NS 13239.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1999

This survey was carried out to detect the residual antibiotics in muscles of slaughter cattle from slaughter houses in Seoul from 1991 to 1998 using by EEC-4-plate method. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Residual materials were detected in 402 samples(3.12%) by EEC-4-plate method. The detection ratios were highest in 1995 (9.51%), autumn (39.8%), Kyeonggi province (54.2%), Holestain(60.4%) and male(50.7%). 2. Residual antibiotics for 18 samples were classified as TCs(72.2%), sulfonamides(38.8% ) and $\beta$-lactams(5.5%) by HPLC 3. The residual concentration of oxytetracycline, sulfonamide and $\beta$-lactams were 0.34~15.93ppm, 0.17~1.18ppm and 0.06ppm, respectively.

• Kosin Medical Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2018

Prophylactic antibiotics that are used to prevent post-operative infection can commonly cause anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia. It is therefore necessary to perform a skin test before antibiotics are administered in order to diagnose and prevent anaphylactic reactions. However, the results of the antibiotic skin test can differ according to the drug, dose, and reagent concentration. We report a case of anaphylactic shock with bronchospasm and cardiovascular collapse immediately following administration of the prophylactic cefazedone after induction of general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 2009

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a traditional Korean medicine that is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as edema, arthritis, hepatitis, and endangitis. The several extracts of danshen were tested for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in clinic by broth microdilution method, the checkerboard, and time-kill methods to evaluate the synergistic effects of the combination of the extracts with antibiotics. The chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.0078-0.3125${\mu}g/mL$; minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 0.019-0.625${\mu}g/mL$] were found to have strong antibacterial activity against MRSA. Additionally, when the $CHCl_3$ and HEX extracts were co-administered with ampicillin or oxacillin, a synergistic effect against MRSA was observed. Furthermore, a time-kill study evaluating the effects of the extracts against MRSA indicated that treatment with the $CHCl_3$ extract in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin produced rapid bactericidal activity. These results suggest that danshen extracts may have potently antimicrobial activity and thus, it can be a suitable phytotherapeutic agent for treating MRSA infections.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.953-958
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• 2013

Selaginella tamariscina is a traditional herb used in medicine. Phytochemical amentoflavone, a biflavonoid class of flavonoids, was isolated from the plant of Selaginella tamariscina. In this study, the antibacterial effects and combination effects of amentoflavone and conventional antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol were investigated. These results showed that amentoflavone had a considerable antibacterial effect and synergistic interaction with antibiotics against various bacterial strains (fractional inhibitory concentration index ${\leq}$ 0.5), except for Streptococcus mutans. To study the mechanism(s) involved in the synergistic activities between amentoflavone and antibiotics, we detected hydroxyl radical formation using 3'-(p-hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein and measured the $NAD^+/NADH$ ratio by $NAD^+$ cycling assay. The results indicated that the formation of hydroxyl radical would be a cause of the synergistic effect and that this oxidative stress originated from a transient NADH depletion. This study suggests that amentoflavone synergizes with antibiotics and has potential as a therapeutic agent for antimicrobial chemotherapy.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 2007

The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Pelargonium graveolens and its effects when it was combined with current antibiotics against antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were evaluated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the essential oil fraction and the main components of this plant were determined for two antibiotic-susceptible and two antibiotic-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae using broth microdilution tests. The combined effects of the oil with erythromycin, norfloxacin, or oxacillin were evaluated using a checkerboard microtitre assay. The combination of the oil fraction of P. graveolens, or its main component, together with the antibiotics tested significantly lowered the MICs of the antibiotics against all of the tested strains with fraction inhibiting concentration indices (FICs) ranging from 0.16 to 1.50. In particular, the activity of norfloxacin against all of the tested strains of S. pneumoniae was enhanced significantly by combination with citronellol. In conclusion, the combination of P. graveolens oil with antibiotics could be used to reduce the effective dose of antibiotic and to modulate the resistance of S. pneumoniae strains.