• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권4호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2012

Recently, interferon gamma releasing assay has been recommended to compensate the tuberculin skin test (TST) for screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Although it improved the detection of LTBI before treatment with tumor necrosis factor blocker, its application to immune suppressed patients is limited. We report a case of peritoneal tuberculosis (TB) developed in a patient who tested positive for TST and QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G) before infliximab therapy, to emphasize the importance of monitoring during treatment. A 52-year-old woman presented with abdominal distension. She had been diagnosed with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis six years ago. She had started taking infliximab six months ago. All screening tests for TB were performed and the results of all were negative. At admission, the results of repeated TST and QFT-G tests were positive. Histopathological examination confirmed peritoneal TB. The patient started anti-TB therapy and the symptoms were relieved.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2009

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is still common disease among the elderly patients in Korea where the overall incidence of TB is decreasing. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with anti-TB drugs occurs frequently. Especially the aged tends to have more frequent ADRs than younger ones. These ADRs can cause significant morbidity, compromise therapeutic effects of drugs and even induce drug resistance. Therefore we evaluated the effect of ADRs on the first-line anti-TB drugs in elderly patients with active pulmonary TB. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts and radiological findings of the patients with 65 and older who were bacteriologically confirmed as active TB and treated with standard anti-TB drugs for at least 6 months. Major ADR was defined with temporary or continuous stop of any first-line drugs intake. Results: An ADR was noted in 54% of all patients. The incidence of major ADR was 32% in all elderly patients. Dermatologic ADR (9%) was the most common among the major ADRs. GI trouble (8%), arthralgia (6%), visual change (6%), hepatotoxicity (4%), and fever (1%) were also noted. The drugs responsible for major ADR were ethambutol (62%), pyrazinamide (35%), rifampin (18%) and isoniazid (9%). Major ADRs were associated with higher ESR level at the initiation of anti-TB drugs. Conclusion: First-line anti-TB drugs in elderly patients frequently caused the major ADRs. Therefore the elderly patients receiving anti-TB drugs should be closely monitored and better tolerable therapy should be considered as part of a TB research agenda.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권4호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2013

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening and medical emergency that can be caused by numerous disorders and presents with hemoptysis, anemia, and diffuse alveolar infiltrates. Early bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage is usually required to confirm the diagnosis and rule out infection. Most cases of DAH are caused by capillaritis associated with systemic autoimmune diseases such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus, but DAH may also result from coagulation disorders, drugs, inhaled toxins, or transplantation. The diagnosis of DAH relies on clinical suspicion combined with laboratory, radiologic, and pathologic findings. Early recognition is crucial, because prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary for survival. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents remain the gold standard. In patients with DAH, biopsy of involved sites can help to identify the cause and to direct therapy. This article aims to provide a general review of the causes and clinical presentation of DAH and to recommend a diagnostic approach and a management plan for the most common causes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2019

Although recent advances in molecular targeted therapy and immuno-oncology have revolutionized the landscape of lung cancer therapeutics, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains an essential component of lung cancer treatment. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the clinical benefit of chemotherapy, either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities, on survival and quality of life of patients with early and advanced lung cancer. Combinational approaches with other classes of anti-neoplastic agents and new drug-delivery systems have revealed promising data and are areas of active investigation. Chemotherapy is recommended as a standard of care in patients that have progressed after tyrosine kinase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Chemotherapy remains the fundamental means of lung cancer management and keeps expanding its clinical implication. This review will discuss the current position and future role of chemotherapy, and specific consideration for its clinical application in the era of precision medicine.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2012

Adrenal insufficiency during the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is a troublesome condition and can at times be lifethreatening if untreated. Rifampin is one of the most widely prescribed anti-tuberculosis agents. Furthermore, rifampin has been known to be capable of affecting the metabolism of various medications, including glucocorticoids. In this paper, a case of recurrent adrenal insufficiency induced by rifampin during the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is reported. The patient was a 63-year-old man who was diagnosed with Addison's disease 17 years earlier and had been undergoing glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Five months before, the patient manifested pulmonary tuberculosis and was immediately given anti-tuberculosis medication that included rifampin. After one week of medication, general weakness and hyponatremia occurred. Despite the increased dose of the glucocorticoid medication, the adrenal insufficiency recurred many times. Since the substitution of levofloxacin for rifampin, the episodes of adrenal insufficiency have not recurred so far.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1999

Background and Objective： The tuberculous lymphadenitis of neck is one of the most common extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Korea. Although the incidence of pulmonary tuberculo-sis has decreased recently, that of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis has not decreased. In spite of great efforts and diversity of study, the exact criterias of diagnosis and optimal therapeutic methods of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis have been the subject of much debate and still remain unclear. So we intend to enucleate clinical manifestations and suggest the optimal therapeutic manners. Material : The 483 cases, diagnosed as cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis by fine needle aspiration biopsy during the past 10 years from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1996 Method : Retrospective study Results 1) The overall rate of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis was 23.4% of neck mass. 2) Incidence ratio of male to female was 1：2.7 3) The frequent location of tuberculous lymphadenitis was posterior cervical area, supraclavicular area, jugular chain in order. 4) The response rate of medical treatment in tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis was 84.9%. 5) The duration of medical treatment in remissioned group was 18.6 months in average. 6) Surgical intervention was needed in 15.1%. 7) The duration of post operative medical treatment was 18.4 months in average. Conclusion : Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is prevalent in women, age of 20-40 years and mainly involve posterior cervical area. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a very useful method for early detection of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. After diagnosis is made, anti-tuberculosis medication is recommended for more than 18 months. Unless the size of neck mass is decreases inspite of the thorough anti-tuberculosis medication for more than 1 month or if complication like as abscess or fistula occurs, surgery is needed with post operative medical treatment for more than 12 months.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.601-608
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• 1999

연구배경: 결핵성 흉막염은 항결핵요법만으로 치료가 잘되므로 일반적으로 진단적 흉수천자이외에 흉막염의 적극적 배액은 불필요하다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 항결핵요법 후에도 흉막박피술등의 처치가 필요할 정도로 흉막비후가 오는 경우를 비교적 흔히 접하게 된다. 이에 저자들은 소방이 형성된 결핵성 흉막염 환자에게 경피적 도관을 이용한 유로키나제 치료로 적극적 배액을 시도한 경우와 진단적 흉수천자와 항결핵요법으로 치료한 경우 흉막비후의 차이가 있는지에 대한 비교연구를 함으로서, 소방이 형성된 결핵성 흉막염 환자에서 유로키나제에 의한 흉막비후에 대한 치료효과를 결정하고 자하였다. 방 법: 소방이 형성된 결핵성 흉막염으로 확진된 37명의 환자를 대상으로 전향적 무작위연구로 16명의 유로키나제군(경피적 도관을 삽입 후 유로키나제 투여+항결핵제 투여)과 21명의 비유로키나제군(항결핵제 투여)으로 나누어, 두군 환자들의 치료전 후의 흉부사진으로 흉막비후(RPT) 을 관찰하였으며, 또한 두 군의 진단당시 임상상 및 흉막액의 백혈구수, pH, 혈당, 단백질, LDH, ADA를 비교하였다. 결 과: 1) 유로키나제군과 비유로카나제군의 흉막비후는 각각 $5.08{\pm}6.77$ mm와 $20.32{\pm}26.37$ mm로, 유로키나제군에서 흉막비후가 유의하게 적었다(P<0.05). 2) 두 군의 흉막비후에(RPT$\geq$10 mm) 영향을 미치는 임상적 지표 중 흉통, 발열, 호흡곤란 등 치료 전 증상 발현기간이 흉막비후가(RPT$\geq$10 mm) 있는 경우(평균 $5.23{\pm}3.89$ 주)가 흉막비후가 없는 경우(평균 $2.63{\pm}1.99$ 주)보다 의의 있게 길었다(p<0.05). 3) 흉막비후(RPT는 10 mm)의 예측인자로 흉수액 천자검사에서 백혈구수, pH, 혈당, 단백질, LDH, ADA등은 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 소방이 형성된 결핵성 흉막염 환자에서 항결핵제 치료 와 함께 유로키나제를 이용한 흉막액의 적극적 배액시 흉막비후의 후유증을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2008

Although tuberculosis of the central nervous system is well known, the incidence of intramedullary tuberculomas is low and a combination of intramedullary with intracranial tuberculomas is extremely rare. We report a case of disseminated tuberculoma involving brain and spine with miliary pulmonary tuberculosis in a 66-year-old woman initially presenting with fever, general weakness, back pain and motor weakness of both lower extremities. Despite medical therapy, she developed progressive motor weakness of both lower extremities with muscle strength 1/5 in both lower extremities. Urgent surgical intervention was followed and her muscle power and motor functions were improved gradually. The anti-tuberculous drugs were continued and the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and spine showed that the lesions had become smaller or disappeared.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.37.1-37.15
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• 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an etiologic pathogen of human tuberculosis (TB), a serious infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, the threat of drug resistance in anti-TB therapy is of global concern. Despite this, it remains urgent to research for understanding the molecular nature of dynamic interactions between host and pathogens during TB infection. While Mtb evasion from phagolysosomal acidification is a well-known virulence mechanism, the molecular events to promote intracellular parasitism remains elusive. To combat intracellular Mtb infection, several defensive processes, including autophagy and apoptosis, are activated. In addition, Mtb-ingested phagocytes trigger inflammation, and undergo necrotic cell death, potentially harmful responses in case of uncontrolled pathological condition. In this review, we focus on Mtb evasion from phagosomal acidification, and Mtb interaction with host autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Elucidation of the molecular dialogue will shed light on Mtb pathogenesis, host defense, and development of new paradigms of therapeutics.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.656-661
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• 2002

저자들은 불응성 상심실성 빈맥으로 저용량 amiodarone을 장기간 사용한 환자에서 발생한 폐독성을 경험하고 적절히 치료하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.