• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2013

최근 신선 유통되는 퉁퉁마디는 식물 체내 수분 함량이 높고 조직이 단단하지 못해 저장성이 낮은 식물로 MA 저장을 통해 저장성을 향상시키고, 최근 새롭게 개발된 비천공 breathable(NPB) 필름을 적용하여 각기 $5^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$로 저장하여 실제 유통 수준에서의 영향을 알아 보았다. 또한 신선 편이 제품으로의 유통 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 3cm, 5cm, 그리고 10cm로 각각 절단하여 저장성을 상호 비교하였다. 그 결과 $10^{\circ}C$에 비하여 $5^{\circ}C$ 저장 조건이 NPB 필름을 적용 하였을 경우 저장력이 우수한 결과를 보였는데 저장중 생체중의 감소율은 $5^{\circ}C$에서 25일 저장 종료일까지 2% 이내의 결과를 보였고 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 저장 15일 후에 100,000cc NPB 필름을 제외하고 2% 이내의 감소율을 나타내었다. $5^{\circ}C$와 동일 기간인 15일을 기준으로 비교하면 $5^{\circ}C$가 1% 이내의 감소율을 나타내 상대적으로 우수한 결과를 보였다. 동일기간 동안 측정한 이산화탄소와 산소 농도의 변화에서는 5,000cc NPB 필름이 MA 저장시의 특징을 보였다. 저장중 포장내 에틸렌 농도는 진공 필름에서 NPB 필름처리들보다 10~100배까지 높았으나, 크기별 차이에 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 각기 $5^{\circ}C$에서 25일간 그리고 $10^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 저장한 이후 항산화 활성을 측정, 상호 비교한 결과 $5^{\circ}C$가 $10^{\circ}C$보다 두배 이상의 항산화 활성도를 나타내었고 100,000cc NPB 필름에서 높은 활성도를 보였고 크기별로는 10cm 크기가 활성도가 낮아지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 저장 종료후 관능검사를 통한 외관품질과 이취를 평가한 결과 $5^{\circ}C$ 처리와 5,000cc 필름을 적용한 구에서 상대적으로 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통하여 $5^{\circ}C$, 저장시 5,000cc NPB 필름을 MA 저장에 적용하는 것이 타당하다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 다만 실제 유통 현장에서 사용되는 온도조건이 $10^{\circ}C$임을 고려하면 $10^{\circ}C$ 저장 시 10cm 크기에는 100,000cc NPB 필름이 단기유통이라는 측면에서 적용이 가능할 것 으로 판단되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 파의 항염증 효과를 밝히고 그 생화학적 기전 해석을 위해 LPS로 활성화된 BV2 microglia를 이용하여 iNOS, COX-2 및 염증성 cytokine의 발현 및 그 산물에 미치는 파 추출물의 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 파 추출물은 LPS 처리에 의한 BV2 세포의 iNOS의 발현을 전사 및 번역 수준에서 처리 농도 의존적으로 억제시켰으며, 특히 파 전체 에탄올 추출물(EEWA)의 효과가 가장 탁월하였다. LPS로 유도한 COX-2의 mRNA 및 단백질 발현 역시 파 추출물 처리에 의하여 감소되었으며 뿌리 에탄올 추출물(EERA) 처리군에서 가장 현저한 억제가 관찰되었다. 아울러 염증 반응의 또 다른 주요인자인 염증성 cytokine들(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6)의 mRNA 변화를 조사한 결과 파 추출물이 대체적으로 이들 cytokine의 발현을 억제하는 경향을 보였으며, 최종산물인 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-6의 생성량 역시 유의한 수준은 아니었으나 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 파의 추출물은 iNOS, COX-2 및 염증성 cytokine의 발현을 조절함으로서 신경염증 반응을 효과적으로 억제하며, 향후 지속적인 연구가 필요하지만 신경 보호 작용에 탁월한 효능이 있음을 보여주는 것으로 생각된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.563-568
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• 2015

배당체 리퀴리틴 및 그 아글리콘인 리퀴리티게닌은 항산화 및 항노화 활성이 뛰어난 한국산 감초 성분이다. 본 연구에서는 리퀴리티게닌과 리퀴리틴의 피부 전달시스템으로 에토좀을 제조하고 입자크기, 포집 효율 및 피부 투과능을 평가하였다. 리퀴리틴게닌의 경우 2 mM 농도까지 안정한 에토좀이 형성되었고, 리퀴리틴은 0.75 mM 농도까지 안정하게 형성되었다. 0.75 mM 리퀴리티게닌과 리퀴리틴을 함유한 에토좀의 입자크기는 각각 143.85, 158.90 nm이었으며, 포집 효율은 각각 47.51, 54.61%이었고 약물의 농도에 의존적으로 포집 효율이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 피부투과 실험을 수행한 결과, 리퀴리티게닌과 리퀴리틴 모두 에토좀이 일반 리포좀이나 에탄올 용액보다 더 우수한 피부 투과능을 보여주었다. 이는 0.50 mM 리퀴리틴게닌 및 리퀴리틴을 담지한 에토좀이 피부전달에 효과적이며, 항노화 및 항산화 화장품 제형으로서 이용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2006

Cajanus indicus is a herb with medicinal properties and is traditionally used to treat various forms of liver disorders. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 43 kD protein isolated from the leaves of this herb against chloroform induced hepatotoxicity. Male albino mice were intraperitoneally treated with 2mg/kg body weight of the protein for 5 days followed by oral application of chloroform (0.75ml/kg body weight) for 2 days. Different biochemical parameters related to physiology and pathophysiology of liver, such as, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in the murine sera under various experimental conditions. Direct antioxidant role of the protein was also determined from its reaction with Diphenyl picryl hydraxyl radical, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. To find out the mode of action of this protein against chloroform induced liver damage, levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase were measured from liver homogenates. Peroxidation of membrane lipids both in vivo and in vitro were also measured as malonaldialdehyde. Finally, histopathological analyses were done from liver sections of control, toxin treated and protein pre- and post-treated (along with the toxin) mice. Levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, which showed an elevation in chloroform induced hepatic damage, were brought down near to the normal levels with the protein pretreatment. On the contrary, the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase that had gone down in mice orally fed with chloroform were significantly elevated in protein pretreated ones. Besides, chloroform induced lipid peroxidation was effectively reduced by protein treatment both in vivo and in vitro. In cell free system the protein effectively quenched diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical and superoxide radical, though it could not catalyse the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Post treatment with the protein for 3 days after 2 days of chloroform administration showed similar results. Histopathological studies indicated that chloroform induced extensive tissue damage was less severe in the mice livers treated with the 43 kD protein prior and post to the toxin administration. Results from all these data suggest that the protein possesses both preventive and curative role against chloroform induced hepatotoxicity and probably acts by an anti-oxidative defense mechanism.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.223-251
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• 2017

Objectives : A lot of experiment results of Yugmijihwangtang(YM) are reported in various kinds of journals. Many of them report on the new effects that are not recorded in the traditional medical texts. So it is necessary to take it into consideration that newly reported effects could be of help to clinical practice, because this process of comparison of Donguibogam and scientific experiment results will have basis to lead into the evidence based medicine. Methods : We compared the effects of in Donguibogam and the experiment results of YM. Results : The effects of YM in Donguibogam are to replenish essence and marrow, and to treat red wen, fatigue, treat hypouresis, urinary sediment, urinary urgency, hematuria, hydrocephalus, speech and movement retardation, yin-deficiency, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver, melanoma, disability to see near and far sight, tinnitus, hearing loss, alopecia, angiogenesis, cough, cough at night, trachyphonia, and, infantile convulsion. The experiment results of YM since 2000 in both Korea and China are to inhibit atopic dermatitis, renal interstitial fibrosis, anti-oxidant, emphysema, stress, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, hemorrhage, plantar sweating, dermal aging, kidney aging, bone loss, breast cancer, pathological myocardial cell, primary liver cancer, thrombosis, osteoporosis, intrauterine growth retardation, chronic renal failure, IgA nepropathy, slow cerebral development, and hippocampal tissue lesions on the one hand, and to help bone formation, renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system, cerebral recovery, cognitive function and expression, osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, learning and memory, cold-tolerance and oxygen deficit-tolerance and anti-fatigue, endometrial formation, humoral and cell-mediated immunity, immune regulation effect, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary Axis, and spermatogenesis, on the other hand. Conclusion : When we compared the effects of YM with the experiment results of YM, there existed a considerable gap between them. So, from now on, it is expected that a great effort and consideration are needed to solve these gaps from an academic and clinical point of view.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8259-8263
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• 2016

Background: Nano-therapy has the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, was recently recognized as having important biological roles in chemical defenses and nitrogen fixation, with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects but the poor water solubility of flavonoids limitstheir bioavailability and biomedical applications. Objective: Chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG-PLGA was assessed for improvement of solubility, drug tolerance and adverse effects and accumulation in a gastric cancer cell line (AGS). Materials and Methods: Chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG copolymers were prepared using the double emulsion method (W/O/W). The morphology and size distributions of the prepared PLGA-PEG nanospheres were investigated by 1H NMR, FT-IR and SEM. The in vitro cytotoxicity of pure and nano-chrysin was tested by MTT assay and miR-34a was measured by real-time PCR. Results: 1H NMR, FT-IR and SEM confirmed the PLGA-PEG structure and chrysin loaded on nanoparticles. The MTT results for different concentrations of chrysin at different times for the treatment of AGS cell line showed IC50 values of 68.2, 56.2 and $42.3{\mu}M$ and 58.2, 44.2, $36.8{\mu}M$ after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment, respectively for chrysin itslef and chrysin-loaded nanoparticles. The results of real time PCR showed that expression of miR-34a was upregulated to a greater extent via nano chrysin rather than free chrysin. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates chrysin loaded PLGA-PEG promises a natural and efficient system for anticancer drug delivery to fight gastric cancer.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2019

Morphology of cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) at germinal vesicle (GV) stage as one of the evaluation criteria for oocyte maturation quality after in vitro maturation (IVM) plays important roles on the meiotic maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development in pigs. When cumulus cells of COCs are insufficient, which is induced the low oocyte maturation rate by the increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in porcine oocyte during IVM. The ROS are known to generate including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide from electron transport system of mitochondria during oocyte maturation in pigs. To regulate the ROS production, the cumulus cells is secreted the various antioxidant enzymes during IVM of porcine oocyte. Our previous study showed that Mito-TEMPO, superoxide specific scavenger, improves the embryonic developmental competence and blastocyst formation rate by regulating of mitochondria functions in pigs. However, the effects of Mito-TEMPO as a superoxide scavenger to help the anti-oxidant functions from cumulus cells of COCs on meiotic maturation during porcine oocyte IVM has not been reported. Here, we categorized experimental groups into two groups (Grade 1: G1; high cumulus cells and Grade 2: G2; low cumulus cells) by using hemocytometer. The meiotic maturation rate from G2 was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased (G1: $79.9{\pm}3.8%$ vs G2: $57.5{\pm}4.6%$) compared to G1. To investigate the production of mitochondria derived superoxide, we used the mitochondrial superoxide dye, Mito-SOX. Red fluorescence of Mito-SOX detected superoxide was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in COCs of G2 compared with G1. And, we examined expression levels of genes associated with mitochondrial antioxidant such as SOD1, SOD2 and PRDX3 using a RT-PCR in porcine COCs at 44 h of IVM. The mRNA levels of three antioxidant enzymes expression in COCs from G2 were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than COCs of G1. In addition, we investigated the anti-oxidative effects of Mito-TEMPO on meiotic maturation of porcine oocyte from G1 and G2. Meiotic maturation and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) recovered in G2 by Mito-TEMPO ($0.1{\mu}M$, MT) treatment (G2: $68.4{\pm}3.2%$ vs G2 + MT: $73.9{\pm}1.4%$). Therefore, our results suggest that reduction of mitochondria derived superoxide by Mito-TEMPO may improves the meiotic maturation in IVM of porcine oocyte.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary green tea catechin and vitamin E on the phospholipse {TEX}$A_{2}${/TEX} activity and th antioxidative defense system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10 gm were randomly assigned to one normal and five STZ-induced diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were assigned either a catechin-free diet (DM group), 0.5% catechin diet (DM-0.5C group), 1% catechin diet (DM-1C group), vitamin E-free diet (DM-0E group), and 400 mg vitamin E per kg diet (DM-400E group) according to the levels of dietary catechin or vitamin E supplementation. The vitamin E levels of the normal, DM, DM-0.5C, and DM-1C groups were 40 mg per kg diet. Diabetes was experimentally induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin after 4 weeks of feeding the five experimental diets. The animals were sacrificed on the 6th day of he diabetic state. The body weight gains were lower in all five diabetic groups after the STZ injection. The platelet phospholipase {TEX}$A_{2}${/TEX}({TEX}$PLA_{2}${/TEX}) activity in the diabetic groups was higher than that in the normal group. However, the enzyme activity in the DM-0.5C, DM-1C, and DM-400E groups was lower than that in the DM and DM-0E groups. The cytochrome {TEX}$P_{450}${/TEX} and cytochrome {TEX}$b_{5}${/TEX} content and NADPH-cytochrome {TEX}$P_{450}${/TEX} reductase activity were about 50~110% higher in the DM and DM-0E groups than in the normal group, yet significantly reduced by either catechin or vitamin E supplementation. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in the liver did not differ significantly in any of the groups. However, the glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity was generally lower in the diabetic groups, compared with the normal group, whereas that of the DM-0.5C, DM-1C, and DM-400E groups was significantly higher compared with that of the DM and DM-0E groups. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver tissue were 148% and 201% higher in the DM and DM-0E groups, respectively, compared with the normal group, however, these levels were reduced by either catechin or vitamin E supplementation (DM-0.5, DM-1C and DM-400E). Accordingly, the present results indicate that STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited an imbalance between free radical generation and scavenger systems in the liver which led to the acceleration of lipid peroxidation. However, these abnormalities were reduced and the antioxidative defense system was restored by either dietary catechin or vitamin E supplementation. In conclusion, the effects of dietary catechin or vitamin E in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats would appear to inhibit lipid peroxidation as an anti-oxidant by regulating the activity of {TEX}$PLA_{2}${/TEX}.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced injuries, and regional differences in the mitochondrial antioxidant state during IR or IPC may promote the death or survival of viable and infarcted cardiac tissues under oxidative stress. To date, however, the interplay between the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body has not yet been resolved. In the present study, we examined the effects of IR- and IPC-induced oxidative stresses on mitochondrial function in viable and infarcted cardiac tissues. Our results showed that the mitochondria from viable areas in the IR-induced group were swollen and fused, whereas those in the infarcted area were heavily damaged. IPC protected the mitochondria, thus reducing cardiac injury. We also found that the activity of the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system, which includes manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), was enhanced in the viable areas compared to the infarcted areas in proportion with decreasing levels of ROS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. These changes were also present between the IPC and IR groups. Regional differences in Mn-SOD expression were shown to be related to a reduction in mtDNA damage as well as to the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c). To the best of our knowledge, this might be the first study to explore the regional mitochondrial changes during IPC. The present findings are expected to help elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in IPC and helpful in the development of new clinical strategies against ischemic heart disease.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.638-643
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• 1992

황화이온검출기로서 2가지 형태의 연속 flow-through 전극계의 분석적 감응성질을 조사하고, 최적조건에서 그들의 감응특성을 직접 비교하였다. 두 검출계에 있어서 측정한 봉우리전위를 황화이온농도의 대수값과 관련지웠으며, 적어도 시간당 20개의 시료를 정량할 수 있었다. pH전극법에서는 투석기를 지나 흘러가는 recipient stream의 pH를 측정하였다. 장치는 연속흐름형의 기체투석기가 관형 polymer 막전극과 연결되도록 설계되어 있다. 이 방법의 최적실험조건은 recipient $5.0 {\times} 10^{-5} M NaOH ＋ 5.0 {\times} 10^{-3} M$ NaCl과 diluent 0.10M $H_2SO_4$이며, recipient stream, diluent stream 및 시료의 유속은 모두 1.0ml/min이다. 황화이온 전극법에서는 시판하는 황화이온선택성 전극을 flow-through cell 속의 황화이온을 검출하는 데에 썼다. 이 방법의 최적실험조건인 황화이온 산화방지 완충제(1.0M NaOH 용액에 3.5g 아스코르브산과 7.6g $Na_2EDTA$를 용해)와 시료의 유속은 각각 1.4 ml/min와 1.0 ml/min이다.