• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.612-624
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• 2023

The gut-brain axis encompasses a bidirectional communication pathway between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the central nervous system. There is some evidence to suggest that probiotics may have a positive effect on cognitive function, but more research is needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn. Inflammation-induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may affect cognitive function. To confirm the effect of probiotics on oxidative stress induced by LPS, the relative expression of antioxidant factors was confirmed, and it was revealed that the administration of probiotics had a positive effect on the expression of antioxidant-related factors. After oral administration of probiotics to mice, an intentional inflammatory response was induced through LPS i.p., and the effect on cognition was confirmed by the Morris water maze test, nitric oxide (NO) assay, and interleukin (IL)-1β enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed. Experimental results, levels of NO and IL-1β in the blood of LPS i.p. mice were significantly decreased, and cognitive evaluation using the Morris water maze test showed significant values in the latency and target quadrant percentages in the group that received probiotics. This proves that intake of these probiotics improves cognitive impairment and memory loss through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.239-245
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• 2016

This study was conducted to compare the functionality (antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia activities) of the methanol extract of Allium hookeri root grown in Korea (KR) and Myanmar (MR). The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of KR and MR were 5.27 and 4.80 mg GAE/g, and 0.35 and 0.24 mg QE/g, respectively. KR contained significantly higher levels of total polyphenols and total flavonoids than those of MR (p<0.05). The IC50 values of KR and MR were 6.53 and 5.31 mg/mL, respectively, for DPPH radical scavenging activity. However, KR had a significantly higher ABTS radical scavenging activity, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating ability, and reducing power compared with those of MR (p<0.05). In the evaluation of anti-diabetic activity, KR showed significantly higher ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition activity than acarbose and MR at whole concentrations (p<0.05). KR and MR had acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities that of 51.44% and 44.33%, respectively, at a 50 mg/mL concentration. These results suggested that roots of A. hookeri, especially KR, could be useful in improving diabetic and dementia disorders due to their high antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia activities.

• 대한동의생리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.02a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.966-972
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• 2016

We investigated that methanolic extracts of 20 kinds of seaweeds from Jeju Island for their antioxidant activities, acetylcholinesterase and ${\beta}$-secretase inhibitory activities, and neuronal survival in order to evaluate their potentials as anti-dementia agents. Ecklonia cava extracts had the highest total polyphenol content among the 20 seaweed extracts. The antioxidant activity of seaweed extracts was measured by using 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. It was found that Ecklonia kurome extracts had the highest ABTS scavenging activity ($IC_{50}=0.07{\pm}0.01mg/mL$). As a result, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia kurome, and Myelophycus simplex extracts were found to be the most effective in terms of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. In the ${\beta}$-secretase activity assay, Ecklonia cava and Ecklonia kurome extracts were effectively inhibited ($84.41{\pm}1.70%$ and $81.17{\pm}2.43%$, respectively). As expected, neuronal cell death induced by $H_2O_2$ in SH-SY5Y cells was diminished by Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia kurome, and Sargassum yezoense extracts. Taken together, these results showed that Ecklonia cava extract has potential anti-dementia activity, which suggests that it might provide an effective strategy for improving dementia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 56 herbal formulae covered by the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) on dementia-related biomarkers and neuronal cell changes. Methods: The 56 herbal formulae were extracted with 70% ethanol at $100^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The antioxidant properties was measured by radical scavenging assay using ABTS+ radical. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was tested by Ellman's assay and $amyloid-{\beta}$ ($A{\beta}$) aggregation was determined using fluorescence method. To estimate the inhibitory effects of herbal formulae on neuronal cell death and inflammation using HT22 hippocampal cells and BV-2 microglia, respectively. Results: Among the 56 herbal formulae, Dangguiyukhwangtang, Banhasasimtang, Samhwangsasimtang, Cheongwiesan, Hwangryunhaedoktang, Banhabaekchulchunmatang, Jaeumganghwatang, Cheongseoikgitang, and Hoechunyanggyuksan has a significant inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Doinseunggitang and Samhwangsasimtang exerted the effect on the inhibition of $amyloid-{\beta}$ ($A{\beta}$) aggregation. Additionally, 10 herbal formulae affected AChE and $A{\beta}$ aggregation revealed antioxidant activity as well as neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammation effects in neuronal cell lines. Conclusions: 10 herbal formulae that have been shown to be effective against the major dementia markers have been shown to have antioxidant activity, neuronal cell protection and inhibition of brain inflammation. Further investigation of these herbal formulae will need to be validated in dementia animal models.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2023

Background and Purpose: As it becomes an aging society, interest in senile diseases is increasing. Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and osteoporosis are representative senile diseases. Various studies have reported that AD and osteoporosis share many risk factors that affect each other's incidence. This aimed to determine if active medication treatment of AD could affect the development of osteoporosis. Methods: The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service provided data consisting of diagnosis, demographics, prescription drug, procedures, medical materials, and healthcare resources. In this study, data of all AD patients in South Korea who were registered under the national health insurance system were obtained. The cohort underwent conversion to an Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model version 5 format. Results: This study included 11,355 individuals in the good persistent group and an equal number of 11,355 individuals in the poor persistent group from the National Health Claims database for AD drug treatment. In primary analysis, the risk of osteoporosis was significantly higher in the poor persistence group than in the good persistence group (hazard ratio, 1.20 [95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.32]; p<0.001). Conclusions: We found that the good persistence group treated with anti-dementia drugs for AD was associated with a significant lower risk of osteoporosis in this nationwide study. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathophysiological link in patients with two chronic diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1996

Aloe(Aloe arborescens M$_{ILL}$) has been used as a home medicine for the past several thousand in the world, and has been studied on anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, hypotension, atherosclerosis, myocardiac infartion, apoplexy, diabetes as a chronic digenerative disease, tumors, gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas' diseases, and genitourinary tract etc. SAMP8 as a learing and memory impairment animal model were fed basic and/or experimental diets with 1.0% freezing dried(FD)-aloe for 8 months. The passive avoidance tests such as acqusition trial and retention test were significantly higher in aloe group than in control group. Grading score of senescence resulted in a marked decreases in aloe group compared with control group. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was remarkably increased in aloe group compared with control group. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine(DA) and serotonin(5-HT) almost did not change by the feeding of aloe-added diet, but their metabolites such as homovanillic acid(HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid(5-HIAA) in aloe group were significantly increased compared with control group. Therefore, the ratios of HVA/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT as a ratio of metabolite on neurotransmitter were significantly increased by the feeding of aloe-added diet. These results suggest that aloe vara may be activated acetylcholinesterase, the metabolite of neurotransmitter, and ratios of metabolite on neurotransmitter, resulting ina greater prevention of learning and memory impairments such as Alzheimertype dementia.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2002

Neurologic sequelae of tuberculous meningitis include hemiparesis, paraparesis, quadriparesis, aphasia, developmental delay, dementia, blindness, visual field defect, deafness, cranial nerve palsies, epilepsy, and hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction. But cervical epidural abscess and cervical spondylitis are rare. A 64-year-old woman who was diagnosed as tuberculous meningitis presented a severe neck pain and stiffness after 3 weeks of anti-tuberculous medication. Electromyography and cervical X-ray showed a cervical spondylosis with polyradiculopathy. But cervical MRI showed an acute cervical epidural abscess and mild cervical spondylitis. After continuous anti-tuberculous medication with supportive care, she showed a slow clinical improvement. But about 1 month of anti-tuberculous therapy, she presented a more aggravation of neck pain, neck stiffness, radicular pain, and neck motion limitation. Follow-up cervical MRI showed an more advanced cervical spondylitis. Afterthen she has recovered slowly by cervical laminectomy with posterior stabilization and continuous anti-tuberculous medication.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.271.2-271.2
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• 2003

The ${\gamma}$- and ${\beta}$-secretase are one of the most important proteases, which cleave amyloid precursor protein (APP) into neurotoxic A${\beta}$ peptide in Azheimer's type dementia. In the course of screening for anti-dementia agents from natural products, the mycelial culture of mushroom Phellinus linteus showed potent inhibition againt ${\beta}$-secretase (BACE1). (omitted)

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

Three kinds of plant fermentation broths and one liquor were prepared using persimmon, Ulmus davidiana var. japonica and barley, and investigated its physiological functionality. Anti-aging antioxidants activity was the highest of 99% in Ulmus dacidiana bar. japonica liquor and also was high in the persimmon vinegar(68.3 %). SOD-like activity show also 80.6% in the Ulmus davidiana var japonica liquor however the other fermentation broths were less 25%. Antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and fibrinolytic activity were weak or not detected in all the fermentation broths. Anti-dementia acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity were showed 54.7% in the Ulmus davidiana var. japonica liquor. Our results showed that the Ulmus davidana var. japonica liquor has the potential to become a new functional liquor because of high antioxidant activity and anti-dementia activity.