• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 수세미오이 추출물을 유산균을 이용한 발효를 통해 항산화 활성과 함께 생체 활성 물질의 생산을 중대하고 자외선 흡수 및 피부 흑색종 세포 성장 억제를 강화하여 피부암 예방 효과를 향상시키는 데 있다. 수세미오이 발효추출물의 총 폴리페놀(TPC)과 항산화 활성도가 30.23 mg GA/g DM와 45.12%로 열수추출물보다 약 1.4배 높은 수준으로 확인되었다. 자외선 흡수율에 있어 발효추출물은 열수추출물보다 1.5배 높은 53.9%의 흡수율을 보였는데 발효를 통해 증가된 TPC에 의해 UV 흡수가 증가했다는 결론을 도출하였다. 항암효과에 있어 발효추출물과 열수추출물에서 각각 1.0 와 2.0 mg/mL에서 피부 흑색종세포에 대한 성장저해 효과가 나타나 추출물 발효에 따른 항암효과가 증가했음을 알 수 있었다. 발효추출물의 자외선 흡수율에 있어 열수출물보다 2.4배 높아 피부암 예방효과가 예상되며, 수세미오이 발효를 통해 항산화, 자외선차단과 피부암 저해 효과를 가지는 화장품, 식품 및 의약품 소재 개발 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.498-506
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• 2018

본 연구는 베타세포에서 라이코펜의 항사멸 효과와 그 기전에 대해 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 라이코펜에 의한 베타세포독성을 조사하기 위해 다양한 농도 (0.1, 1, 10 nM)로 처리하였을 경우, 저농도에서 세포독성이 나타나지 않음을 관찰하였다. 선택한 농도를 사이토카인 혼합물과 함께 처리하였을 경우, 세포 생존율이 증가하는 것을 관찰하였고, 세포사멸 유도 단백질인 Bax의 발현양은 감소하고, 세포사멸억제 단백질인 Bcl-2 발현양은 증가하는 것을 관찰하였다. 또한 사이토카인 혼합물에서 증가하였던 세포내 산화스트레스가 라이코펜과 함께 처리하였을 경우 감소되는 것을 관찰하였고 이러한 효과는 항산화 유전자인 GCLC, NQO1, HO-1의 발현양이 증가함으로서 일어난 현상임을 알 수 있었다. 라이코펜은 미토콘드리아의 생성 및 기능과 관련된 유전자의 발현을 증가시키고 사이토카인 혼합물에 의해 감소되었던 세포내 ATP 생성량을 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 라이코펜의 항산화효과와 미토콘드리아 기능 개선 효과가 사이토카인에 의한 베타세포 사멸을 억제하는 기전 중의 하나로 작용할 수 있음을 의미한다. 향후 라이코펜이 베타세포를 타겟으로 하는 제 2형 당뇨 치료의 기능성 소재로 개발될 가능성이 있음을 시사하는 바이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1324-1331
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• 2010

Mifepristone (MIF)와 Tamoxifen (TAM)은 각각 전립선암과 유방암치료제로 오랫동안 사용되고 있다. MIF는 안드로겐수용체(AR) 양성인 세포와 음성이 세포 모두에서 세포사멸을 유도하며, TAM 은, 리간드-수용체작용 기작의 다양한 특성에 의하여 에스트로겐(ER) 양성인 세포뿐 만 아니라 다른 종류의 암세포에서도 세포사멸을 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 AR 음성인 DU-145 전립선암세포에 있어서, MIF와 TAM의 세포독성이 세포 내 칼슘농도 변화에 기인된 세포사멸기작에 의한 것임을 보여준다. MIF와 TAM을 처리시 세포성장은 농도와 시간의존적으로 감소하였으며, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)과 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FASC)로 세포를 분석한 결과 각각 MIF와 TAM을 2일간 처리한 세포에서 세포사멸이 진행되는 것을 관찰하였다. 세포독성효과를 비교했을 경우, TAM이 MIF 보다 강하게 작용하였다. MIF와 TAM을 처리한 세포 내 칼슘변화 측정 시, 칼슘농도 또한 처리 약물의 농도와 시간 의존적으로 증가하였다. 1.5 mM 칼슘배지와 칼슘제거된 배지에서의 실험결과를 비교한 바, 세포 내 칼슘증가는 외부로부터의 유입에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 세포독성효과와 마찬가지로 칼슘증대 효과 역시 TAM에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 수용체 매개 세포사멸기작의 초기에 관여하는 procaspase-8은 MIF 처리 시 뚜렷이 활성화 되었으나, TAM의 경우 활성화가 MIF의 경우에 비해 강하지 못하였다. 그러나, 세포사멸의 중추적인 역할을 하는 caspase-3은 TAM 을 처리한 세포에 있어서 활성 정도가 훨씬 높았다. 세포사멸과정의 중요한 조절 단백질인 Bcl-2 그룹단백질의 발현을 조사해 본 결과, 세포사멸 억제단백질인 Bcl-2의 발현은 MIF, TAM 처리 시 동일하게 감소한 반면, 촉진단백질인 Bax의 발현은 2-3배 가량 증대되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 MIF와 TAM은 세포 내 칼슘조절을 통하여 세포사멸을 유도하나, 세포사멸의 초기단계는 MIF와 TAM이 서로 다른 경로를 경유할 가능성이 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2018

Juglans mandshurica is a fast growing hard species, which is a tree in family of Juglandaceae and has a wide distribution in China, Korea and eastern Russia. Plant materials from J. mandshurica have extensively been used in folk medicines to prevent or cure gastric, esophageal, lung and cardiac cancer. As one chain of our searching for anticomplementary agents from natural sources, two epimeric ellagitannins, [2,3-O-4,4',5,5',6,6',-hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP))-(${\alpha},{\beta}$)-D-glucose] (I) and pedunculagin (II) were purified from 70% acetone extracts of the stem barks of J. mandshurica by Thin Layer Chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography approaches. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by MS, NMR, and a careful comparation with published literatures. The epimeric ellagitannins I and II exhibited inhibitory properties against a classical pathway of complementary system with 50 % inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) values of 65.3 and $47.7{\mu}M$, respectively, comparing with riliroside ($IC_{50}=104{\mu}M$) and rosmarinic acid ($IC_{50}=182{\mu}M$), which were used as positive controls. Thus, the work indicated both the two secondary metabolites possess excellent inhibitory activity and might be developed as potential anticomplementary chemicals.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2017

Functional foods are of great significance since our society is accelerating into aging. An aging society has many physiological metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, dementia and geriatric diseases. Fundamental treatments for the elderly are almost impossible and the social burden is heavy. If these diseases can be prevented or alleviated by improving dietary habits using functional foods, the significance would be very large. Pomegranate has been found to have 124 different kinds of phytochemicals. Polyphenols have a wide range of protective effects including various physiological metabolic diseases and cancers. It is necessary to develop functional foods such as preservatives and food extenders which can contribute to food safety, required in the food industry, by using such bioactive substances. Pomegranates have been reported to decrease the impact of many serious illnesses. There is a considerable amount of bioactive substances in the peel of a pomegranate, which has potent anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-apoptotic properties. Unfortunately, the peel is typically discarded after processing. Despite knowledge regarding the bioactive substances in the pomegranate peel and peel extracts, including their functionality and diversity, the knowledge is not well known by consumers in general. The aim of this study was to review up to date research trends for processing and developing new functional foods by utilizing nutritional functional substances, favourite food materials, and materials for processing food contained in pomegranate peels and pomegranate peel extracts. This study will summarize the data found in pomegranate peel and pomegranate peel extract literature mainly recently published in Science Direct. There are polyphenolic compounds (ellagitannins, punicalagin, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids, polysaccharides, etc.) in the fruit peel, making up about 50% of the pomegranate's weight. The polyphenol content of a pomegranate fruit peel is 149.91 mg/g, which is about 100 times higher than the juice. Paying attention to the fact that the ellagitannin content (14.22 mg/g) in the fruit peel is also twice as high as that of the fruit juice and seeds, that confirms the possibility of utilizing the peel as a food ingredient capable of developing new, functional bioactive foods.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2003

5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is an active ingredient of therapeutic agents used for Crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis. Because it is absorbed rapidly and extensively in the upper intestine, delivery of the agent specifically to the colon is necessary. We selected taurine as a colon-specific promoiety and designed 5-aminosalicyltaurine (5-ASA-Tau) as a new colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). It was expected that introduction of taurine would restrict the absorption of the prodrug and show additive effect to the anti-inflammatory action of 5-ASA after hydrolysis. 5-ASA-Tau was prepared in good yield by a simple synthetic route. The apparent partition coefficient of 5-ASA-Tau in 1-octanol/pH 6.8 phosphate buffer or $CHCl_3$/pH 6.8 phosphate buffer was 0.10 or 0.18, respectively, at $37^{\circ}C$. To determine the chemical and biochemical stability in the upper intestinal environment, 5-ASA-Tau was incubated in pH 1.2 and 6.8 buffer solutions, and with the homogenates of tissue and contents of stomach or small intestine of rats at $37^{\circ}C$. 5-ASA was not detected from any of the incubation medium with no change in the concentration of 5-ASA-Tau. On incubation of 5-ASA-Tau with the cecal and colonic contents of rats, the fraction of the dose released as 5-ASA was 45% and 20%, respectively, in 8 h. Considering low partition coefficient and stability in the upper intestine, 5-ASA-Tau might be nonabsorbable and stable in the upper intestine. After oral administration, it would be delivered to the colon in intact form and release 5-ASA and taurine. These results suggested 5-ASA-Tau as a promising colon-specific prodrug of 5-ASA.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.745-750
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• 2008

Selenium, an essential trace element possessing anti-carcinogenic properties, can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. We have previously shown that sodium selenite can induce apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in NB4 cells. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Presently, we demonstrate that p53 contributes to apoptosis by directing signaling at the mitochondria. Immunofluorescent and Western blot procedures revealed selenite-induced p53 translocation to mitochondria. Inhibition of p53 blocked accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that mitochondrial p53 acts as an upstream signal of ROS and activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Selenite also disrupted cellular calcium ion homeostasis in a ROS-dependent manner and increased mitochondrial calcium ion concentration. p38 kinase mediated phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation of p53. Taken together, these results indicate that p53 involves selenite-induced NB4 cell apoptosis by translocation to mitochondria and activation mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in a transcription-independent manner.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.24.1-24.9
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• 2020

Brown alga (Ishige okamurae; IO) dietary supplements have been reported to possess anti-diabetic properties. However, the effects of IO supplements have not been evaluated on glucose metabolism in the pancreas and skeletal muscle. C57BL/6 N male mice (age, 7 weeks) were arranged in five groups: a chow diet with 0.9% saline (NFD/saline group), high-fat diet (HFD) with 0.9% saline (HFD/saline group). high-fat diet with 25 mg/kg IO extract (HFD/25/IOE). high-fat diet with 50 mg/kg IO extract (HFD/50/IOE), and high-fat diet with 75 mg/kg IO extract (HFD/75/IOE). After 4 weeks, the plasma, pancreas, and skeletal muscle samples were collected for biochemical analyses. IOE significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance impairment and fasting and 2 h blood glucose level in HFD mice. IOE also stimulated the protein expressions of the glucose transporters (GLUTs) including GLUT2 and GLUT4 and those of their related transcription factors in the pancreases and skeletal muscles of HFD mice, enhanced glucose metabolism, and regulated blood glucose level. Our results suggest Ishige okamurae extract may reduce blood glucose levels by improving glucose metabolism in the pancreas and skeletal muscle in HFD-induced diabetes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.802-810
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• 2005

The tetrahydroisoquinolines included potent cytotoxic agents that showed antitumor activity,antimicrobial activity, and other biological properties. We studied the effect of CDST, 1-Chloromethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-sulfonic acid amide, a newly synthesized anti-cancer agent. The cytotoxic activity of CDST in HL-60 cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner. CDST, tetrahydroisoquinolines derivative, was cytotoxic to HL-60 cells, with IC50 of $80{\mu}g/ml$. Treatment of CDST to HL-60 cells showed the fragmentation of DNA in a dose- and time dependent manner, suggesting that thesecells underwent apoptosis. Treatment of HL-60 cells with CDST was induced in a dose- and time-dependent activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In caspase activity assay, caspase-3 and -8 was activated after 12 h and 6 h posttreatment, respectively. CDST also caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. CDST-induced cytochrome c release was mediated by caspase-8-dependent cleavage of Bid and Bax translocation. These results suggest that caspase-8 induced Bid cleavage and Bax translocation, caused mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and induce caspase-3 activationduring CDST-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2013

This study was performed to compare the quality and functionality of broccoli juice as affected by extraction method. Broccoli juice was extracted using method I (NUC Kuvings silent juicer), method II (NUC centrifugal juicer), and method III (NUC mixer), and the quality properties of the broccoli juices were analyzed using three different methods. Additionally, the antioxidative, anticancer, and anti-hyperglycemic activities of broccoli juice prepared by the three different methods were investigated in vitro. The broccoli juice made by method I contained the highest polyphenol and flavonoid contents at 1,226.24 mg/L and 1,018.32 mg/L, respectively. Particularly, broccoli juice prepared by method I showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than those of the other samples. Additionally, broccoli juice made by method I showed the highest growth inhibitory effects against HeLa, A549, AGS, and HT-29 cancer cells. Broccoli juice prepared by method I had the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effects. These results indicate that there are important differences in chemical and functional qualities between juice extraction techniques.