• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1658-1663
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• 2006

Panax notoginseng (Buck) F.H chen. root (PNS) is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promote health in Korean and Chinses medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main PNS are still not accurately investigated. Our preliminary aim is to elucidate the pharmacokinetics features of the PNS in rats. Objective of this study is to determine whether PNS affects hepatic microvascular dysfunction elicited by gut ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), since gut I/R causes hepatic microvascular dysfunction, and to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO). No has been found to be a modulator of the adhesive interactions between platelet and endothelial cells. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 30 min of gut ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Intravital microscopy was used to monitor the number of non-perfused sinusoids (NPS). In another set of experiments, PNS (1 g/kg pre day intragastrically) was administered to rats for 7 days. In some experiments, dexamethasone (ST) (2 mg/kg per day intravenously) was administered. In control rats, gut I/R elicited increases in the number of NPS, and plasma TNF-${\alpha}$ and ALT activities, and these changes were mitigated by the pretreatment with PNS. Pretreatment with an No synthase inhibitor diminished the protective effects of PNS on the increase in NPS and plasma TNF-${\alpha}$ levels, but not its effect on the increase in plasma ALT activities. Pretreatment with PNS increased plasma nitrite/nitrate levels. The responses caused by gut I/R were attenuated by the pretreatment with ST. Pretreatment with an NO synthase inhibitor did not affect the effect of ST. These results suggest that PNS attenuates the gut I/R-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction and inflammatory responses such as TNF-${\alpha}$ production in the early phase via enhancement of NO production, and sequential hepatocellular damage via its anti-inflammatory effect like corticosteroid effect.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.459-463
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• 2010

Amphotericin B (AmB) is anti-fungal agent for the treatment of systemic fungal infections, but its poor solubility has limited clinical applications. In this study, a new gel formulation made up of L-arginine as solubilizer, thermosensitive Poloxamer 407 (P 407), and adhesive carbopol was designed for effective solubilization and delivery of AmB. The aqueous solubility of AmB was enhanced up to 2.6 mg/mL by addition of L-arginine. Aqueous P 407 solutions of more than 20% w/v showed thermo-induced sol-gel-sol phase transition. The phase transition behavior was affected by the presence of AmB and L-arginine, and the phase transition range was broadened by addition of carbopol. In vitro drug release was improved by the solubilizing effect of L-arginine, and the presence of mucoadhesive carbopol prolonged the release rate as a function of concentration.