• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Objectives : HRHDT has been known as a useful prescription with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and immunosuppressive activity. To evaluate anti-atopic dermatitis effect of HRHDT, we treated HRHDT in NC/Nga mice model skin induced contact hypersensitivity. Methods : Contact hypersensitivity, a local inflammatory response of skin, was induced by spreading the back skin of NC/Nga mice with 0.4${\sim}$1% DNCB. HRHDT was prepared by dissolving 3% HRHDT in solution and treated 3 weeks on the back skin. Results : HRHDT significantly reduced TEWL and erythema by 0.4${\sim}$1% of DNCB treatment compared to control group. HRHDT also reduced IgE on serum obtained from blood of DNCB-treated mice. Conclusions : These results showed that HRHDT could be used as a pharmaceutical material with anti-atopic dermatitis effect by reducing IgE in contact, hypersensitivity atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice model by DNCB.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.10-23
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• 2012

Objectives: Gagamyanggyeoksan (G-YGS) has been used to suppress allergic reaction, however, the cellular target of G-YGS and its mode of action remain unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of extracted G-YGS on the PMA and lonomycin (PI)-induced activation of RBL-2H3. Methods: For this investigation, We examined IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression by Real-Time PCR, IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA analysis and manifestations of GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 transcription factors by western blotting, OVA-specific IgE, IL-4, IL-13 by mouse be sensitive to OVA. Results: Here we showed that treatment of RBL-2H3 mast cells with G-YGS, suppressed PI-induced production of Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-13 in a dose dependent manner. The mRNA expression of IL-4 were completely abolished by G-YGS at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Data from a stable cell lines consistently expressing IL-4. And the mRNA expression of IL-13 were abolished by G-YGS at the $200{\mu}g/ml$. But there is no difference between the $50{\mu}g/ml$, the $100{\mu}g/ml$ and the comparison. Results from the western blot analysis of transcription factors involving IL-4 and IL-13 expression indicated that it prominently decreased the expression of mast cell specific transcricption factors including GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 but not c-Fos. And G-YGS suppressed IgE, IL-4, IL-13 in mouse be sensitive to OVA. Conclusions We suggested the anti-allergic activities of G-YGS might be mediated by down-regulation of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 through the regulation of transcription factors as GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.74-91
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• 2015

Background and Objective : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease at the mucosa and is associated with excess production of Th2 cytokine and eosinophil accumulation in lung.Gamchomahwang-tangextract(GME) is one of the well known prescription used in oriental medicine for treating asthma. This study was designed to compare the anti-asthmatic effect of GME according to the ratio of 2 compounds.Methods : To examine the effects of GME on asthma, mice were sensitized with 100 ㎍ of OVA and 1 ㎎ of aluminum potassium sulfate(Alum; Sigma) intraperitoneally on day 1 and 15. From day 22, mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA. The anti-asthmatic effects of GME were evaluated by enhanced pause(Penh), bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), inflammatory cytokine production and genes expression, serum IgE production. and histological change in lung tissue. GMEⅠ consists of ES and GU in the proportion 2:1(300 ㎎/㎏ group), GMEⅡ consist of ES and GU in the proprtion 4:1(300 ㎎/㎏ group).Results : GMEⅠ,Ⅱ generally inhibited lung inflammation, inflammatory cells infiltration and cytokine production and gene expression such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and serum IgE level. GMEⅡ significantly reduced the cytokine production and gene expression such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF and GMEⅠ decreased cytokine production of IL-4, IL-13 in BALF and gene expression of IL-4, IL-5 in Lung. GMEⅡ potently inhibited the development of Penh and also reduced the number of eosinophil during OVA-induced AHR(airway hyper-reactivity). Overall the results show that GMEⅡ has more effect on inhibiting production, gene expression of cytokine, serum IgE level and development of Penh than GMEⅠ. Consequently, GMEⅡ might be more effective than GMEⅠ at inhibiting allergic asthma on the OVA-induced mice model.Conclusion : These results indicate that GME has a deep inhibitory effects on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice model of asthma and that suppression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 expression and decrease of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 production in BALF might contribute this effect. Hence, the results indicate that GME might be useful herbal medicine of allergic asthma. As a result, GMEⅡ mght be superior to GMEⅠ in the aspect of anti-asthmatic effect on the OVA-induced mice model.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.343-350
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• 2009

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic effects of Samjajihwang-tang (SJT) using OVA-induced asthmatic mice model. Asthmatic mice model was conducted by repeated challenge of OVA using C57BL/6 mice. Each group was treated with distilled water, SJT (400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) extract or cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg) for the later 8 weeks, Penh (plethysmography and enhanced pause), immune cells subpopulation, eotaxin, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$, Anti-OVA-lgE in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage), and lung tissue was analyzed, No cytotoxicity of SJT was shown on hFCs (human fibroblast cells). Administration of SJT significantly decreased Penh levels comparing to control group. SJT treatment significantly ameliorated the increase of total cells number and eosinophil including of immune cell subpopulation of $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CCR3^+$, $B220^+/CD22^+$, $B220^+/CD45^+$, and $B220^+/lgE^+$ cells in BALF comparing to control group. Eotaxin, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$, and Anti-OVA-lgE level in BALF were significantly decreased by SJT treatment too. Histopathological finding verified the improvement of infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen tissue in the SJT groups comparing to control group. These results strongly suggest that SJT would be a effective candidate for herbal-originated anti-asthmatic drug. However, this drug should be further studied for characterization of the accurate action and underlying mechanisms using variant disease model in the future.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1056-1069
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Grifola frondosa, commonly referred to as the maitake mushroom, has been studied extensively to explore its potential health benefits. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in skin disorders have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory role of the ethanol extract of G. frondosa in atopic dermatitis (AD) using in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIALS/METHODS: We investigated its impact on skin and spleen inflammatory responses in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)/1-chloro-2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model. Additionally, we determined the immunosuppressive response and mechanism of G. frondosa by inducing atopic-like immune reactions in keratinocytes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation. RESULTS: Our study revealed that G. frondosa ameliorates clinical symptoms in an AD-like mouse model. These effects contributed to the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 immune responses in the skin and spleen, leading to protection against cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, G. frondosa inhibited the production of antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a in the serum of AD mice. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of G. frondosa on inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated AD-like keratinocytes was associated with the suppression of MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of G. frondosa as a novel therapeutic agent for AD treatment and prevention.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-170
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the anti inflammatory and anti allergy effects of Vitex rotundifolia Linne fil. extract(VRE). Results : 1. In vitro test, VRE was used to determine the modulation of cytokine secretion, the activation of inflammatory and allergic factor and the inhibition of gene expression. The cell survival rate of Raw 264.7 and Jurkat T cells didn't decrease and accordingly cytotoxicity wasn't observed. In anti-allergic assay, the secretion of IL-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were suppressed on Jurkat T cells induced by dust mites. And the gene expression of COX-2 was suppressed in HMC-1 stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187. In anti-inflammatory assay, the gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 were suppressed on LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells. And the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were suppressed on EoL-1 cells induced by dust mites. P38 and ERK activation of MAPK decreased generally. VRE showed potent inhibitory activity of NO production. 2. In vivo test, we used NC/Nga mouse induced by atopic dermatitis to observe the effects of VRE on the weight, water and feed, blood test, weight of organs, total IgE and histological change of main organs. Quantity of water and feed were not changed, therefore it didn't affect the weight directly, and no change was observed in related main organs, thus maybe there is no organ toxicity by test substances. And the symptoms were decreased significantly, and the thickness of epithelial cell layer and the number of mast cells were inhibited significantly by the difference of dosage. The number of total complete blood cells and IgE in serum were not changed significantly. Conclusion : These results suggest that VRE has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. Therefore VRE could be used effectively on improvement or treatment of atopic dermatitis. However, further study is needed to prove which component of VRE indicates effective pharmacological action.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.577-585
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• 2014

The cosmetic and stimulating effects of lemon oil have been widely proven in the fields of beauty therapy and psychology therapy. But the lemon oil's proper effects on the anti asthma and the anti inflammation have not rarely been verified. This study was conducted to find out the lemon oil's effects on the anti asthma and anti inflammation in the OVA-induced allergic asthma mice model. OVA-induced allergic asthma mice were divided into 4 groups consisting of normal group, control group, positive control group and experimental group. 0.3% of lemon oil was nebulized to experimental group for 3 weeks on a basis of 3 times per week and 30 min each time. After 6 weeks from the initial experiment, the degree of hyper activeness of respiratory system, the hematological change, the amount of the cytokein in serum, the change of airway organization were evaluated. The results showed that lemon oil controled effectively the hyper activeness of respiratory system and restricted the multiplication of cells in acidophil in terms of statistical significance. It also turned out that lemon oil restricted effectively the infection of airway reaction and the hyper sensitiveness of respiratory system by controlling the creation of histamine(cytokein) and IgE.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2000

Shini-San has been used for treatment of allergic disease in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating al1ergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Shini-San on mast cell-mediated immediate-type al1ergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal ($WBB6F_1-+/+$) mice but not in congenic mast cell-deficient $WBB6F_1-W/W^v$ mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration dependent mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80 in normal mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) in rats by topical application. Shini-San also inhibited in concentration-dependent fashion the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Shini-San had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Shini-San inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.31-46
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• 2014

Objectives Forsythiae Fructus treatment has been used for inflammatory and allergic diseases in Korean Medicine. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action and the cellular targets are not understood well. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases are associated with Th2 cytokines such as IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$, IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, which are secreted by the mast cells. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Forsythiae Fructus extracts (FF) on Th2 cytokines expression and signal transduction in MC/9 mast cells. Methods In the study, MC/9 mast cells were stimulated with DNP-IgE for 24 hours and then treated separately with CsA $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and varying doses of FF for one hour. MC/9 mast cells stimulated with DNP-IgE was the control group, a treatment with CsA was the positive control group and a treatment with varying doses FF was the experimental groups. The mRNA levels of IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 were analyzed with Real-time PCR. The levels of IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). NFAT, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results 1. FF were observed to suppress the mRNA expression of IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 in comparison to DNP-IgE control group. 2. FF also has inhibited the IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production significantly in comparison to DNP-IgE control group. 3. Western blot analysis of transduction factors involving Th2 cytokines expression has revealed a prominent decrease of the mast cell specific transduction factors including NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Jun, and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 but c-Fos. Conclusions In conclusion, the anti-allergenic activities of FF may be strongly related to the regulation of transcription factors NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Jun, and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 causing inhibition of Th2 cytokines in mast cells.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2004

Eosinophils play an essential role in allergy reaction after parasite infection. To examine the immune reaction induced by eosinophils, we investigated the allergy reaction in BALB/c mice infected with Echinostoma hortense's metacercariae, as well as the effect of ketotifen, an anti-allergy drug, on eosinophil immune reaction in the villi of host intestine. The worm recovery rate was higher in ketotifen-treated mice than in untreated mice and the worms in ketotifen-treated mice survived longer than those in untreated mice. The antibody titer in the serum of ketotifen-treated mice was very low. Especially, Echinostoma hortense infection strongly increased serum IgE level and eosinophil infiltration into the villi of the mouse intestine. Ketotifen treatment suppressed eosinophil infiltration into the infected areas and inhibited IL-4 production. The reduced IL-4 production may be related with the reduction of IgE, IgG1 and IgG2 production. In conclusion, ketotifen inhibited eosinophil infiltration functioning in the allergy reaction induced by parasite infection and the expression of immunoglobulins and cytokines.