• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2019

Cis-3-O-p-hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid (HCUA), a triterpenoid compound, was purified from Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. This traditional medicinal plant has been used for treating rheumatoid arthritis and lung disorders as well as for its anti-inflammation and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic-inducing activities of HCUA in oral cancer cells. HCUA exhibited anti-proliferative activity in oral cancer cell lines (Ca9-22 and SAS cells), but not in normal oral fibroblasts. The inhibitory concentration of HCUA that resulted in 50% viability was $24.0{\mu}M$ and $17.8{\mu}M$ for Ca9-22 and SAS cells, respectively. Moreover, HCUA increased the number of cells in the sub-G1 arrest phase and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in both oral cancer cell lines, but not in normal oral fibroblasts. Importantly, HCUA induced p53-mediated transcriptional regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bak, Bim, Noxa, and PUMA), which are associated with mitochondrial apoptosis in oral cancer cells via the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. HCUA triggered the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that was ascertained to be involved in HCUA-induced apoptosis by the ROS inhibitors YCG063 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. As a result, HCUA had potential antitumor activity to oral cancer cells through eliciting ROS-dependent and p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Overall, HCUA could be applicable for the development of anticancer agents against human oral cancer.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-101
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• 2022

Cordyceps militaris mycelium extracts containing high amounts of cordycepin were evaluated in vitro for their anti-inflammatory and tumor cell growth-inhibitory activities. All extracts dose dependently inhibited the increased production of inflammatory mediators including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and 𝛽-hexosaminidase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cells. All extracts were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against normal RBL-2H3 cells and diverse types of cancer cell lines, including HCT, MC5-7, U-87MG, AGS, and A549 cells. The extract showed the strongest growth inhibition (IC₅₀ = 28.13 ㎍/mL) relative to vehicle-treated control cells against fibrosarcoma (MC5-7). We have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity of C. militaris via inhibition of NO, ROS production, and 𝛽-hexosaminidase release in activated cells. C. militaris mycelium extract was also evaluated mechanistically and found to exert six types of anti-cancer activity, confirming its pharmacological potential. Our study suggests C. militaris use as a potential source of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. C. militaris may also be considered a functional food.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate anti-cancer effects of $Ampelopsisradix$ Extract (AE) on human lung cancer A549 cells. Method : The apoptotic activities and cell growth arrest activities of AE were measured using 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The molecules involved in apoptotic process were assessed by western blotting. Result : Treatment of AE potently reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner in A549 cells. AE (100-500 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) resulted in apoptosis via activation of caspase 9 following PARP cleavage in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The levels of Bax and Bad levels were increased by AE with a concomitant decrease of Bcl-xL. In addition, AE at the low dose (30 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) significantly inhibited cell growth in the presence of serum. Conclusion : AE has the potential as a therapeutic agent against lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3343-3352
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• 2014

Chemoprevention is an attempt to use nontoxic natural and synthetic substances or their mixtures to intervene the relatively early stages of carcinogenesis, before invasive characteristics are manifested. The consumption of fruits is well known to reduce the risk of human cancers. Although most fruits are available only on a seasonal basis, recent advances in food processing technologies have made it possible to extend the shelf life of fruits and fruit-products. Fruits can be preserved by applying different drying processes to reduce the moisture content. Different varieties of dried fruits are now sold in supermarkets, thereby making them readily accessible to consumers. Since oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play important roles in cancer development, dried fruits with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties hold promise for cancer chemoprevention. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities of dried fruits are largely attributed to their polyphenols and vitamins. Dried fruits contain adequate amounts of bioactive principles, such as anthocyanins, acetogenins, catechins, coumarins, phenolic acids, terpenes, xanthones, and others. Since numerous health beneficial phytochemicals in fruits are conserved even after processing, regular intake of dried fruits can help prevent cancer. This review addresses the chemopreventive potential of representative dried fruits and their active constituents.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2021

In this study, phytochemicals present in Propolis Extract (PE) were employed as reducing and stabilizing reagents to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Three propolis-reduced silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs1-3) were synthesized using increasing amounts of PE. P-AgNPs were treated with different cancer cells-lung (A549), cervix (HeLa) and colon (WiDr) - for 24, 48 and 72 h to evaluate their anti-proliferative activities. A non-cancerous cell type (L929) was also used to test whether suppressive effects of P-AgNPs on cancer cell proliferation were due to a general cytotoxic effect. The characterization results showed that the bioactive contents in propolis successfully induced particle formation. As the amount of PE increased, the particle size decreased; however, the size distribution range expanded. The antioxidant capacity of the particles increased with increased propolis amounts. P-AgNP1 exhibited almost equal inhibitory effects across all cancer cell types; however, P-AgNP2 was more effective on HeLa cells. P-AgNPs3 showed greater inhibitory effects in almost all cancer cells compared to other NPs and pure propolis. Consequently, the biological effects of P-AgNPs were highly dependent on PE amount, NP concentration, and cell type. These results suggest that AgNPs synthesized utilizing propolis phytochemicals might serve as anti-cancer agents, providing greater efficacy against cancer cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.515-522
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• 2015

Treculia africana Decne, a breadfruit species, is native to many parts of West and Tropical Africa. The breadfruit belongs to the family Moraceae and is one of the four members of the genera Treculia. The crude extract of T. africana has been used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent for various ailments, such as whooping cough. In this study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative and anti-cancer activities of the methanol extract of T. africana Decne (META) and the molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer effects in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. The META exhibited anti-oxidative activity through a DPPH radical scavenging capacity and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner in HT29 cells. META treatment induced apoptosis of HT29 cells, showing an increase in the percentage of both SubG1 cells and Annexin V-positive cells and the formation of apoptotic bodies in a dose-dependent manner. META-mediated apoptosis was associated with the up-regulation of the death receptor FAS and Bax and a decrease in the Bcl-2 expression. META-treated HT29 cells also showed the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, and proteolytic cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). These findings suggest META may exert an anti-cancer effect in HT29 cells by inducing apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.542-547
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• 2009

Brine mineral water(BMW) has recently gained attention as a new water resource due to its biological activities. In this study, BMW from the Geumjin area(Gangneung-city, Korea) was evaluated for its growth inhibition, anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenesis activity against cancer cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity was measured by CCK assay, and the anti-metastasis activity was estimated by lung metastasis in vivo. The in vitro incubation of mouse splenic cells with BMW that had been diluted more than 4-fold showed no effect on the cell growth when compared to a control group. Additionally, BMW inhibited the growth of the EL-4, L5178Y-R and colon26-M3.1 cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo evaluation of the anti-metastasis activity of BMW in BALB/c mice inoculated with the colon26-M3.1 cell line revealed dose-dependent inhibition in response to treatment with samples that were diluted by up to 9 times. Finally, treatment with BMW effectively suppressed the growth of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) added human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Overall, these results suggest that BMW has anti-cancer activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.205-218
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of anti-cancer and changes In immune response of Lonicerge Flos Herbal-acupuncture. Methods Experimental studies were evaluated through the anti-cancer and immune response activities such as, cell viability, BNA fragmentation, Apoptosis, survival time, pulmonary colonization, and productivity of interleukins & $interferon-{\gamma}$. In order to study the effects of anti-cancer and changes in immune response of Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture, the groups were divided into five groups ; Normal group(non treated group), Control A group(0.2ml Normal saline for oral administration), Control B group(administration of intramuscular injection with 0.2ml Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture solution), Acupuncture group(AT, administration of acupuncture at Chungbu(L1)), and Herbal-Acupuncture group(HAT, administration of Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture at Chungbu(L1)). Results : 1. Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture(>300mg/ml) could lead cancer cell to cell death. 2. Lonicerae Flos Herbal - acupuncture (40mg/ml) caused DNA cleavage. 3. Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture(400mg/ml) caused apoptosis in the cancer cell line. 4. In mouse survival time, all of experimental groups didn't show any significant compared to the control group. 5. In pulmonary colonization assay, Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group was less than Control A group at 7 days after induction of cancer. 6. In comparison Control A group, there was significant decrease of Interleukin-2 level in Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group. 7. In comparison Control group, there was decrease of Interleukin-4 level in the Acupuncture group. 8. In comparison Control group, there was decrease of Interleukin-10 level in the Acupuncture group. 9. In comparison Control group, there was significant increase of Interleukin-12 level in Acupuncture group and Lonicerae Flos Herbal-acupuncture group. 10. In comparison Control group, there was significant increase of $Interferon-{\gamma}$ level in Acupuncture group. Conclusion : According to above mentioned results, Lonicerae Flos Herbal- acupuncture is expected to be effective for anticancer and improvement in immune response.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Oldenlandia diffusa extract on WiDr human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Methods : We examined cell death by (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT assay and the caspase 3 and 9 activity assay with Oldenlandia diffusa extract. To examine the inhibitory effects of Oldenlandia diffusa extract, we performed a cell cycle (sub-G1) analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential for the WiDr cells after 24 hours with Oldenlandia diffusa extract. Results : 1. Oldenlandia diffusa extract induced cell death in WiDr cells. 2. The sub-G1 peak was increased by Oldenlandia diffusa extract in WiDr cells. 3. Oldenlandia diffusa extract leads to increase the mitochondrial membrane depolarization in WiDr cells. 4. Oldenlandia diffusa extract increases caspase 3 and 9 activities in WiDr cells. 5. Oldenlandia diffusa extract combined with several anti-cancer drugs (paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, ectoposide, doxorubicin and docetaxel) markedly inhibited the growth of WiDr cells compared to Oldenlandia diffusa extract and anti-cancer drugs alone. Conclusions : Oldenlandia diffusa extract has an apoptotic role in human colorectal cancer cells and a potential role in developing therapeutic agents against colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.325-336
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of educational programs on the needs and satisfaction level of nursing activities related with patients receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy. The subjects, 85 cancer patients who were admitted at St. Mary's hospital, who had taken chemotherapy between January and March, 2001 were selected for the study. Of the subjects educational program was applied to 43 patients and the other 42 patients remained and the control group. Educational booklets developed by investigators were validated by a group of judges consisted of nursing professors, physicians and head nurses. Cronbach's $\alpha$ for measurement tools used in this study were 0.96 - 0.98. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Satisfaction scores for received nursing activities m the experiment group were higher than that in the control group. 2. Needs scores for nursing in the experimental group showed no significant differences compared to the control group. The two groups showed different satisfaction levels in different categories of nursing: physical. educational. therapeutic and socio-psychological, in which the therapeutic category scored the highest. 3. Due to the general characteristics. there were no variables to affect the degree of nursing need regarding the two groups. However, in satisfaction level of nursing services, there was a contrary phenomenon between the two group relating to education level (p=0.03). Patients with higher educational levels tend to be more satisfactory. The results strongly indicated that educational program is effective in increasing the satisfaction of patients receiving anti-cancer chemotherapy.