• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.643-658
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• 1994

수영만 퇴적물중 중금속 원소의 오염역사와 인위적 오염부하량을 알아보기 위하여 1993년 5월 수영만에서 4개의 주상퇴적물을 채취하여 $^{210}Pb$, TIL, TOC, TON 및 중금속 원소(Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd, Ni)를 측정하였다. 1. 퇴적속도는 정점 S3에서 2.4 mm/yr($0.12g/cm^2/yr$)로 가장 느리고, 나머지 3개 정점에서는 $3.5{\sim}4.0 mm/yr(0.18{\sim}0.20g/cm^2/yr)$ 범위로 정점별 차이가 크지 않았다. TIL과 TOC의 농도는 가장 바깥 정점인 정점 S4에서 가장 높고, 용호만 입구쪽에 위치한 정점 S3에서 가장 낫은 반면에 TON은 정점 S2에서 가장 높고, 정점 S1에서 가장 낮았다. 반면, Co를 제외한 중금속의 농도는 대체적으로 수영강 하구쪽에 가장 가까운 정점 S1에서 가장 높고, 정점 S3에서 가장 낮았다. 2. 수영강 하구에 가까운 정점 S1과 정점 S2에서는 Pb, Zn 및 Cu의 농도가 1930년대부터 점차 증가하고 $1960{\sim}1970$년경에 극대값을 보이다가 그 이후에 점차 감소하는 경향이다. 그러나, Fe, Mn, Cd은 대체적으로 상부퇴적층에서 높고 하부퇴적층에서 낮으나, Co와 Ni은 오히려 하부퇴적층에서의 농도가 상부퇴적층보다 높다. 3. 4개 정점에 대한 인위적인 오염 총부하량은 Pb이 $9{\sim}291{\mu}g/cm^2$, Zn이 $165{\sim}1,122{\mu}g/cm^2$, Cu가 $20{\sim}208{\mu}g/cm^2$의 범위로 Zn이 가장 컸으며, 정점별로는 정점 S1과 S2가 정점 S3와 S4에 비해 수십 배 크다. 1900년 이후의 총퇴적량(anthropogenic+natural)에 대한 인위적 오염부하량의 비율은 정점 S1과 S2의 경우 Pb과 Cu는 $28{\sim}35\%$이고, Zn은 $32{\sim}42\%$에 상당한다. 그러나, 정점 S3와 S4에서는Pb이 $4\%$ 이하이고, Cu가 $11\%$ 이하이나 Zn은 $10{\sim}22\%$의 수준이다. 4. 성분 상호간의 관계를 보면, C/N비값은 TON과 좋은 정의 상관성(r=0.68)을 보이는 것으로 보아 C/N 비값의 수직분포는 TON에 의해 좌우된다고 할 수 있다. 인위적인 오염이 많은 Pb, Zn, Cu은 상관계수 0.7 이상으로 비교적 좋은 상관성을 보여 이들 물질의 공급원 및 지구화학적 거동이 유사함을 의미한다. 또한, Cd-Ni 및 Cd-TON은 상관계수 0.8 이상으로 좋은 정의 상관성을 보인다. 특히, Cd은 퇴적물내에서도 수주중에서와 마찬가지로 TON과 비슷한 거동을 한다고 판단된다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2011

Public concern has recently increased over the potential risk of toxic elements emitted from anthropogenic sources. Among these, mercury has drawn special attention owing to its increasing level of bioaccumulation in the environment and in the food chain, with potential risks for human health. This paper presents an overview of research related to mercury control technology and identifies areas requiring additional research and development. It critically reviews measured mercury emissions progress in the development of promising control technologies, including catalytic oxidation, sorbent injection, photochemistry oxidation, and air pollution control devices.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

This study examines the relationship between population growth and carbon dioxide emissions in the context of Africa perspective. Population growth and carbon dioxide emissions helped identify the key driving forces of environmental impacts by including other predictors in all the different income levels of all sampled countries in Africa. To explore the role of population growth in the emissions of carbon dioxide, this research employed a panel data set of 52 Africa countries from 1960 to 2012 using fixed effects, random effects and GLS/FGLS estimators to estimate the modified STIRPAT model. The results found that a 1% increase in population growth suggests an increase in carbon dioxide emission loads by about 0.33%, 1.08%, 0.57% and 2.32% on the average, controlling for all other anthropogenic driving forces, for LICA, LMICA, UICA and HICA respectively. There is a significant relationship between population growth and carbon dioxide emissions in all the national income levels in Africa.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

Air pollutants were measured eight times from June 1999 to June 2002 on regular ferries cruising across the Yellow Sea between Incheon in Korea and Qingdao or Tianjin in China. PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ were measured as particulate matters and SO$_2$, CO, and NO$_{x}$ were measured as gaseous pollutants. On each route, sampling was made, starting two hour after departure and ending two hour before arrival. Low concentrations of gaseous pollutants that were not much varied according to sampling period and location revealed that atmosphere over the sea was not directly affected by anthropogenic emissions. However, concentrations of fine particles were generally higher than those measured at Deokjeok Island, 50km west of the western seashore, at similar periods. It was believed that considerable influence of China in the form of secondary pollutants was exerted over the sea.a.a.a.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 1993

In order to study on the cause of visibility aggravation, we have selected the days of low-visibility observed in Seoul with haziness that was below 6km from 12 to 15 LST. According to the examinations, the number of low-visibility days satisfying the criteria is 30 days in 1989, 39 days in 1990, and 35 days in 1991, respectively. The annual number of low visibility days appears to increase mainly due to an increase in emission of air pollutants and in anthropogenic water vapor in the biosphere. The relationship between visibility and air pollutants(TSP, $NO_2, SO_2, O_3$) of selected days is also studied. Air pollution concentrations of selected days are much higher than those of other days. It is observed that the cause of visibility aggravation in Seoul is mainly smog and air pollutants. In particular, the visibility reduction and high $SO_2$ concentrations at Seoul in winter are similar phenomena that occurring with London smog, while the visibility reduction and high $O_3$ concentrations at Seoul in summer are also similar to the type of Los Angeles smog.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1991

It is observed that the outbreak of dust storms (yellow sand) from Northern China and Mongolia occurs a few times in April 1988 and 1990. It is found that a dust storm initiated with strong gusty winds after the passage of a cold front, particularly after defrost of the ground surface of a source region in the early spring. According to meteorological chart, satellite images and trajectory analyses, dust clouds invaded Korea in April 1988 and 1990 were landing in the sink area after 2 $\sim$ 4 days travelling for 2,000 $\sim$ 3,000 km from a source region. It was also observed that in the west coast total suspended particulated (TSP) were 100 $\sim$ 200 $\mug m^{-3}$ and sulphates $(SO_4=)$ were 3 $\sim$ 10 $\mug m^{-3}$. These values clearly exceed the concentrations of a background level measured in the Arctic and Atlantic Ocean. Trajectory analyses and meteorological analyses suggest that the high values occurred with prevailing westerly flows coming from anthropogenic sources in China. High concentrations of air pollutants occurred in the backside of an anticyclone and in the area "col".col".uot;.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2003

This study was carried out to characterize the behavior and sources of particulate trace metal in Daegu city. TSP (Total Suspended Particulate matter) was collected by filters on High Volume Air Sampler from the four areal (reference, residential, commercial, industrial area). The moult were analyzed by AAS after preliminary treatment. The average centration trend of trace metals contained in TSP was shown as follows : Fe > Cu > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cr > Cd. The trace metals showed the highest concentration in the industrial area. This study showed the seasonal variation of trace metals. Fe and Mn showed high concentration in spring, whereas Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb showed high concentration in winter. Also this study showed the regional variation of trace metals. The order of the average concentration of trace metals was : industrial > commercial > residential > reference area. Using Mn as a reference element, the enrichment factor analysis were used for identifying the trace element contributors. The enrichment factors of Cr, Fe < 10 were considered to have a significant dust and soil source and termed nonenriched. Pb, Cd, Cu >>10 were enriched and had a significant fraction which was contributed by anthropogenic sources.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.483-488
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• 2000

In this study, the distribution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated on the seasonal basis across spring, summer, and fall during the year of 1998. According to this analysis, most VOC species investigated exhibited strong temporal trends. Over diurnal scale, there distribution characteristics were affected by seasonal factors strongly. While they showed high day/night ratio pattern during spring, the pattern was reversed during fall. When the seasonal mean values were compared between the two seasons, the spring values were systematically higher than their counterparts in most cases. In addition when our VOC measurement date were compared with those reported from elsewhere, we were able to conclude that the VOC levels in the study area are comparable to the level weakly impacted by the regional emissions of VOCs. Although our data are not sufficient enough to systematically explain the atmospheric distribution and behavior of VOCs, the findings of strong correlations among some of VOC species suggests strong need for investigating their interactions in the earth\`s atmosphere.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.193-206
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• 2006

Recently, high ozone episode occurred frequently in Korea. Moreover ozone episode occurred not only in the city but also in background area where local anthropogenic sources are not important. It analyzed frequency exceeding 100ppb ozone at air quality monitoring stations in Seoul and rural area during 1995-2004. This paper reports on the use of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modelling system to predict hourly ozone levels. Domain resolutions of 30km, 10km, 3.333km (innermost) have been employed for this study. Summer periods in June 2004 have been simulated and the predicted results have been compared to data for metropolitan and rural air quality monitoring stations. The model performance has been evaluated with measured data through a range of statistical measures. Although, the CMAQ model reproduces the ozone temporal spatial trends it was not able to simulate the peak magnitudes consistently.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제19권E2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2003

The present study details air pollution measurements in the Yellow Sea of East Asia. Large-scale air pollution was observed through satellite images and ground monitors in Chongju-Chongwon of central Korea. Evidence of a duststorm transport and resulting dustfall from the Gobi Desert in north China and Mongolia is shown. Also, transport of anthropogenic air pollutants from China to the Yellow Sea, Korea, and Japan was detected and discussed. It was found that the level of air pollution concentrations at a regional back-ground site increased 2 ∼ 4 times than the values observed with the relatively clean air, when massive air pollution from China moved to the Korean Peninsula. Satellite measurements will be useful for monitoring regional- and global-scale air pollution in the future.