• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.429-436
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• 2004

Circulating fluidized bed combustion (hereafter CFBC) technology enables an efficient combustion for the materials with low heating values such as high ash coal and sludges. It also has desulfation function by adding limestone directly to combustor. The CFBC has been considered as one of the best processes for low grade coal containing with large contents of ash and sulfur. In this paper, in order to various tests were performed to find the optimum desulfation condition for CFBC using Korean Anthracite. We surveyed possible parameters and conducted desulfation efficiency test in D Thermal Power Plant. In addition, the result of some fundamental theoretical consideration was discussed with CFBC. Optimum limestone size could be considered to be 0.1-0.3mm irrespective of combustion temperature and Ca/S molar ratio variation. Desulfation efficiency increased as the molar ratio increased. Because desulfation process occurs at the surface at higher temperature, inner side of limestone can＇t be utilized. When surface area is not appropriate, some SO$_2$ emit without reaction. Optimum molar ratio should be decided after considering chemical and physical properties of limestone and coal thoroughly such as particle size, pore size and HGI. Commercial CFBC is operated at Ca/S 1.6. Combustor temperature 840-87$0^{\circ}C$ shows good desulfation efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.232-233
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• 2018

Among the recent environmental pollution, indoor air pollution has an adverse effect on the health of indoor residents. Radon, one of the causes of indoor air pollution, is released from concrete, gypsum board and asbestos slate among building materials. Radon is a primary carcinogen and is a colorless, tasteless, odorless inert gas that adheres to airborne dust and enters the body through breathing. At this time, there is a risk of developing cancer if the alpha rays from the lononggas entering the human body destroys the lung tissue and is continuously exposed to a high concentration of lonon gas. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the reduction of radon and its exposure to radon by classifying it as a first-level carcinogen, but many people have not recognized it yet, and the research is underdeveloped. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the properties of adsorbed coconut radon to prevent the inflow of radon gas, which is an air pollution source of indoor air, and to prevent inflow into the human body.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.55-69
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• 1996

Backwashing is one of the most important processes in water treatment. Several models have been utilized to predict minimum fluidization velocity and expansion of media. However, it is not unusual that the actual bahavior of media dose not agree well with the prediction. This study has investigated the applicability of models in predicting the minimum fluidization velocity of sand media. However even the better model has predicted minimum fluidization velocity 1.1 to 1.8 times higher than actual fluidization velocity. The expansion rate of sand media was inspected. It is found that the actual expansion rate was greater than the predicted. In this study condition, use of $d_{10}$ instead of $d_{60}$ was better to predict the expansion of media. On the contrary to the sand media, the actual expansion of anthracite media was less than that predicted. Sometimes it is reported that the dual media has been overflown during backwashing and mixed severely at the interface. It is because the grain size distribution of anthracite has not been selected properly. The numerical values for media expansion found in this study could be referred as the useful data in operating and/or designing filter media.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2009

This study compares the performance of the filters with various media in pretreatment of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis. For this purpose, Masan bay seawater is used as raw water. The filter performance is evaluated by the filtrate quality and the head loss development. Five media is selected in this study: anthracite, $Filtralite^{(R)}$, sand, Pumice, $AFM^{(R)}$. These media are used in combination for dual media filter and alone for mono media filter. The comparison results show that NC0.8-1.6 is the best $Filtralite^{(R)}$. The dual media filter of NC0.8-1.6 and sand outperformed other filters in particle removal. The dual media filter of anthracite and sand showed good performance in organic removal. The mono media filter of Pumice produced the similar filtrate quality as the mono media filter of sand although the effective size of Pumice is considerably greater than that of sand. Due to big size, head loss development is maintained slow in the filtration of Pumice.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 1994

The slowly released potassium fertilizer was developed by mixing fly ash with KOH, anthracite coal powder, KCI, $K_2CO_3$ and $Mg(OH)_2$ as the substances for accelerating calcination. Measuring proper ratios of raw materials, we found that the anthracite coal powder was 12 percent and $Mg(OH)_2$ was two to three percent. The optimal calcination temperature and time were proved to be $850^{\circ}C$ and 30 minutes, respectively, however, the trial product with lower temperature and shorter time in calcination had low quality. The K solubility of the product was very low compared to that of the KCl fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of treatment of fly ash on heavy metal contents in the grain. Rice was cultivated on the two types of paddy field, clay loam and sandy loam soil, with 0, 4, 8, 12t/10a of anthracite fly ash and bituminous coal fly ash, respectively. And soybean was cultivated on the same types of upland field with those of 0, 3, 6, 9t/10a, respectively. Also. rice and soybean were cultivated the same types of paddy and upland field with those ashes of 0, 12ton/10a and 0, 9ton/10a, yearly for three years. At the harvest time, the heavy metal contents in rice and soybean were Investigated. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Amount of application. 1) The contents of Cd in brown rice increased in the clay loam soil. Cr and Ni increased sandy loam soil with the application of anthracite fly ash. 2) The contents of Zn in rice increased in the sandy loam soil with the application of bituminous coal fly ash. 3) The contents of Cu in soybean increased with the application of anthracite and bituminous coal fly ash, but Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni increased only with the bituminous. 2. Successive application. 1) The contents of Cd in brown rice increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, however Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Fe increased only in sandy loam soil with the anthracite fly ash. 2) The contents of Cr in soybean were increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, but Cu, Fe increased only sandy loam soil with anthracite fly ash. 3) The contents of Cd, Zn, and Cr in brown rice increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, but those of Cu, Mn increased only in the sandy loam soil with application of bituminous. 4) The contents of Cd, Pb, and Cr in soybean increased in the sandy loam soil with the application of bituminous coal fly ash.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.10
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• pp.1-25
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• 1969

Since widely use of anthracite for the radiating purpose in a rearing room in Korea, the weakness of silkworm, poor uniformity of the worm growth, the increase of missing worm ratio, unusual cocoon assorting ratio, and the decrease of cocoon layer ratio have been realized by the author, therefore, he has started out to search the mechanism of these evil influences regarding with various gas densities and terms of the gas treatment which will be supposed to be a warning for temperature control during the silkworm reading work. Among the anthracite gas components, CO or SO$_2$ influence and their complexed harm effect were investigated through the use of anthracite gas, CO and SO$_2$ gas. Meantime, each treatment was applied, separately, during the worm egg stage, young instar, adult instar and whole instar, because the harm intensity for any improperable rearing condition is flexible by the growing stages. Meantime, the gas density and term variation were applied for the above each treatment such as in case of anthracite and CO gas, the following treat methods were used. 1) 0.06% for 30 mins. 2) 0.06% for 1 hour. 3) 0.1% for 1 hour. 4) 0.15% for 1 hour. on the other hand, SO$_2$ gas was used as 1) 120ppm for 30 mins. 2) 200ppm for 30 mins. 3) 400ppm for 30 mins. The measurement of gas density was proceeded by using CO tester (Carbon Monoxide Indicator) and SO$_2$ tester (Indicator Sampler Cgf) which could keep any specific density before each treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.485-493
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• 2011

In Korea, PM (Particulate Matter) emissions caused by coal-fired power plants are measured by a system, so called Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), which uses foreign emission factors. However, the system fails to reflect the characteristics of domestic power plants. In this regard, this study aims to develop local, accurate domestic emission factors. The study measured the amount of TSP (Total Suspended Particulates), PM10 and PM2.5 by collecting samples from the latter parts of pollution control devices which were installed at 3 bituminous-fired power plants and 3 anthracite-fired power plants. The results showed that the average concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 measured at bituminous-fired power plants were 4.63 mg/$Sm^3$, 2.96 mg/$Sm^3$ and 3.07 mg/$Sm^3$ respectively, much higher than those from anthracite-fired power plants (2.96 mg/$Sm^3$, 2.47 mg/$Sm^3$ and 1.37 mg/$Sm^3$, respectively). In addition, bituminous-fired power plants showed higher ratios of PM10/TSP and PM2.5/TSP with 0.66 and 0.92, respectively, compared to 0.82 and 0.46, the ratios of PM10/TSP and PM2.5/TSP measured in anthracite-fired power plants. Emission factors based-on concentration measurements were also higher for bituminous-fired power plants, and PM with smaller particles tended to have bigger difference in emission factors between the two fuels. This study calculated the amount of PM emissions by using the estimated emission factors. When it comes to the PM emissions, it was less than that of CAPSS while similar to that of CleanSYS in its amount. It is expected that the emission factors developed by this study will be used in Korea replacing foreign emission factors currently used in Korea by ensuring the objectivity and reliability as domestic emission factors.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1997

The effect of Bituminous and Anthracite coal ash(fly ash) on the performance of Chinese cabbage on an acid soil was studied through a pot experiment. The levels of application of the materials tested were five, 10 and 15% of dry soil weight. Regardless of the kind of fly ash, the application of it, tended to increase the yield of Chinese cabbage by 13 to 24% in fresh weight. Difference in application levels did not result in the difference in increasing the yield of Chinese cabbage. The application of fly ash tended to lower the all of the mineral nutrient contents in the Chinese cabbage, excepting boron. Boron content tended to increase along with the application of fly ash. Bituminous ash raised the pH of soil and increased available P, exchangeable Ca and soluble boron in the soil remarkably. Anthracite ash, on the other hand, did not increase the contents of other components in the soil, than soluble born.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 1995

To investigate the influence of coal fly ash treatment on the heavy metal content in the infilteration water, 12t/10a/year of fly ash(Anthracite and Bituminous) were applicated at two paddy fields of different textured soils, clay loam and sandy loam, for 3 and 2 years, respectively. The infilteration waters were collected 30, 60 and 100cm of soil depth and the heavy metal contents were measured. In the paddy field of clay loam, the content of Zn in the infilteration water were increased with fly ash treatment and increasing soil depth, but it didn't show any significance. In the clay loam soil, successive application of fly ash for 3 years brought to increase Pb, Zn content in the infilteration water, Pb content was the highest at 100cm of soil depth, but the content of others were lower than non-treatment. In the paddy field of sandy loam, successive application of fly ash for 2 years increased Cd, Ni and Mn content in the infilteration water at anthracite ash application, but the contents of other elements were similar or lower than non-treatment.