• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2024

Objective : Numerous studies have indicated that early decompressive craniectomy (DC) for patients with major infarction can be life-saving and enhance neurological outcomes. However, most of these studies were conducted by neurologists before the advent of intra-arterial thrombectomy (IA-Tx). This study aims to determine whether neurological status significantly impacts the final clinical outcome of patients who underwent DC following IA-Tx in major infarction. Methods : This analysis included 67 patients with major anterior circulation major infarction who underwent DC after IA-Tx, with or without intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, radiological findings, and compared the neurological outcomes based on the "surgical time window" and neurological status at the time of surgery. Results : For patients treated with DC following IA-Tx, a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 7 was the lowest score correlated with a favorable outcome (p=0.013). Favorable outcomes were significantly associated with successful recanalization after IA-Tx (p=0.001) and perfusion/diffusion (P/D)-mismatch evident on magnetic resonance imaging performed immediately prior to IA-Tx (p=0.007). However, the surgical time window (within 36 hours, p=0.389; within 48 hours, p=0.283) did not correlate with neurological outcomes. Conclusion : To date, early DC surgery after major infarction is crucial for patient outcomes. However, this study suggests that the indication for DC following IA-Tx should include neurological status (GCS ≤7), as some patients treated with early DC without considering the neurological status may undergo unnecessary surgery. Recanalization of the occluded vessel and P/D-mismatch are important for long-term neurological outcomes.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.151-167
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) often occurs suddenly and leads to fatal consequences. Ferroptosis is closely related to the progression of AMI. However, the specific mechanism of ferroptosis in AMI remains unclear. Methods: We constructed a cell model of AMI using AC16 cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions and a mice model of AMI using the left anterior descending (LAD) ligation. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide was employed to determine cell viability. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and iron were measured using corresponding kits. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down were performed to validate the correlations among AC005332.7, miR-331-3p, and cyclin D2 (CCND2). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was employed to evaluate myocardial damage. Results: AC005332.7 and CCND2 were lowly expressed, while miR-331-3p was highly expressed in vivo and in vitro models of AMI. AC005332.7 sufficiency reduced ROS, MDA, iron, and ACSL4 while boosting the GSH and GPX4, indicating that AC005332.7 sufficiency impeded ferroptosis to improve cardiomyocyte injury in AMI. Mechanistically, AC005332.7 interacted with miR-331-3p, and miR-331-3p targeted CCND2. Additionally, miR-331-3p overexpression or CCND2 depletion abolished the suppressive impact of AC005332.7 on ferroptosis in OGD-induced AC16 cells. Moreover, AC005332.7 overexpression suppressed ferroptosis in mice models of AMI. Conclusions: AC005332.7 suppressed ferroptosis in OGD-induced AC16 cells and LAD ligation-operated mice through modulating miR-331-3p/CCND2 axis, thereby mitigating the cardiomyocyte injury in AMI, which proposed novel targets for AMI treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2024

Objective : The primary treatment goal of current endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for emergent large-vessel occlusion (ELVO) is complete recanalization after a single maneuver, referred to as the 'first-pass effect' (FPE). Hence, we aimed to identify the predictive factors of FPE and assess its effect on clinical outcomes in patients with ELVO of the anterior circulation. Methods : Among the 129 patients who participated, 110 eligible patients with proximal ELVO (intracranial internal carotid artery and proximal middle cerebral artery) who achieved successful recanalization after EVT were retrospectively reviewed. A comparative analysis between patients who achieved FPE and all others (defined as a non-FPE group) was performed regarding baseline characteristics, clinical variables, and clinical outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were subsequently conducted for potential predictive factors with p<0.10 in the univariate analysis to determine the independent predictive factors of FPE. Results : FPE was achieved in 31 of the 110 patients (28.2%). The FPE group had a significantly higher level of functional independence at 90 days than did the non-FPE group (80.6% vs. 50.6%, p=0.002). Pretreatment intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) (odds ratio [OR], 3.179; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.025-9.861; p=0.045), door-to-puncture (DTP) interval (OR, 0.959; 95% CI, 0.932-0.987; p=0.004), and the use of balloon guiding catheter (BGC) (OR, 3.591; 95% CI, 1.231-10.469; p=0.019) were independent predictive factors of FPE. Conclusion : In conclusion, pretreatment IVT, use of BGC, and a shorter DTP interval were positively associated with FPE, increasing the chance of acquiring better clinical outcomes.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of quantitative Tl-201 tomography to identify and localize coronary artery disease (CAD). The study population consisted of 41 patients (31 males, 10 females; mean age $55{\pm}7$ yr) including 14 with prior myocardial infarction who underwent both exercise Tl-201 myocardium SPECT and coronary angiography for the evaluation of chest pain. From the short axis and vertical long axis tomograms, stress extent polar maps were generated by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center program, and the % stress defect extent (SDE) was quantified for each coronary artery territory. For the purpose of this study, the coronary circulation was divided into 6 arterial segments, and the "myocardial ischemic score" (MIS) was calculated from the coronary angiogram. Sensitivity for the detection of CAD ($\geq50%$ coronary stenosis by angiography) by angiography) by stress extent polar map was 95% in single vessel disease, and 100% in double and triple vessel deseases. Overall sensitivity was 97%. Sensitivity and specificity for the detection of individual diseased vessels were, respectively, 87% and 90% for the left anterior descending artery (LAD), 36% and 93% for the left circumflex artery (LCX), and 71% and 70% for the right coronary artery (RCA). Concordance for the detection of individual diseased vessels between the coronary angiography and stress polar map was fair for the LAD (kappa=0.70), and RCA (kappa=0.41) lesions, whereas it was poor for the LCX lesions (kappa : 0.32). There were siginificant correlations between the MIS and SDE in LAD (rs=0.56, p=0.0027), and RCA territory (rs=0.60, p=0.0094). No significant correlation was found in LCX territory. When total vascular territories were combined, there was a significant correlation between the MIS and SDE (rs=0.42, p=0.0116). In conclusion, the quantitative analysis of Tl-201 tomograms appears to be accurate for determining the presence and location of CAD.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2023

Objective : Stroke caused from large vessel occlusion (LVO) has emerged as the most common stroke subtype worldwide. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration (IV-tPA) and additional intraarterial thrombectomy (IA-Tx) is regarded as standard treatment. In this study, the authors try to find the early recanalization rate of IV-tPA in LVO stroke patients. Methods : Total 300 patients undertook IA-Tx with confirmed anterior circulation LVO, were analyzed retrospectively. Brain computed tomography angiography (CTA) was the initial imaging study and acute stroke magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) followed after finished IV-tPA. Early recanalization rate was evaluated by acute stroke MRA within 2 hours after the IV-tPA. In 167 patients undertook IV-tPA only and 133 non-recanalized patients by IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx tried (IV-tPA + IA-Tx group). And 131 patients, non-recanalized by IV-tPA (IV-tPA group) additional IA-Tx recommend and tried according to the patient condition and compliance. Results : Early recanalization rate of LVO after IV-tPA was 12.0% (36/300). In recanalized patients, favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0-2) was 69.4% (25/36) while it was 32.1% (42/131, p<0.001) in non-recanalized patients. Among 133 patients, non-recanalized after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and undertook additional IA-Tx, the clinical outcome was better than not undertaken additional IA-Tx (favorable outcome was 42.9% vs. 32.1%, p=0.046). Analysis according to the perfusion/diffusion (P/D)-mismatching or not, in patient with IV-tPA with IA-Tx (133 patients), favorable outcome was higher in P/D-mismatching patient (52/104; 50.0%) than P/D-matching patients (5/29; 17.2%; p=0.001). Which treatment tired, P/D-mismatching was favored in clinical outcome (iv-tPA only, p=0.008 and IV-tPA with IA-Tx, p=0.001). Conclusion : The P/D-mismatching influences on the recanalization and clinical outcomes of IV-tPA and IA-Tx. The authors would like to propose that we had better prepare IA-Tx when LVO is diagnosed on initial diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, if the patient shows P/D-mismatching on MRA after IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx improves treatment results and lessen the futile recanalization.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.582-587
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• 2020

Objective: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) fails in approximately 20% of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (AC-LVO). Nonetheless, the factors that affect clinical outcomes of non-recanalized AC-LVO despite EVT are less studied. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting clinical outcomes in non-recanalized AC-LVO patients despite EVT. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data from 136 consecutive patients who demonstrated recanalization failure (modified thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia [mTICI], 0-2a) despite EVT for AC-LVO. Data were collected in prospectively maintained registries at 16 stroke centers. Collateral status was categorized into good or poor based on the CT angiogram, and the mTICI was categorized as 0-1 or 2a on the final angiogram. Patients with good (modified Rankin Scale [mRS], 0-2) and poor outcomes (mRS, 3-6) were compared in multivariate analysis to evaluate the factors associated with a good outcome. Results: Thirty-five patients (25.7%) had good outcomes. The good outcome group was younger (odds ratio [OR], 0.962; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.932-0.992; p = 0.015), had a lower incidence of hypertension (OR, 0.380; 95% CI, 0.173-0.839; p = 0.017) and distal internal carotid artery involvement (OR, 0.149; 95% CI, 0.043-0.520; p = 0.003), lower initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (OR, 0.789; 95% CI, 0.713-0.873; p < 0.001) and good collateral status (OR, 13.818; 95% CI, 3.971-48.090; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the initial NIHSS (OR, 0.760; 95% CI, 0.638-0.905; p = 0.002), good collateral status (OR, 14.130; 95% CI, 2.264-88.212; p = 0.005) and mTICI 2a recanalization (OR, 5.636; 95% CI, 1.216-26.119; p = 0.027) remained as independent factors with good outcome in non-recanalized patients. Conclusion: Baseline NIHSS score, good collateral status, and mTICI 2a recanalization remained independently associated with clinical outcome in non-recanalized patients. mTICI 2a recanalization would benefit patients with good collaterals in non-recanalized AC-LVO patients despite EVT.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.246-255
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• 2022

Objective: To determine the usefulness of Silent MR angiography (MRA) for evaluating intracranial aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coil embolization. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine patients (101 aneurysms) treated with stent-assisted coil embolization (Neuroform atlas, 71 cases; Enterprise, 17; LVIS Jr, 9; and Solitaire AB, 4 cases) underwent time-of-flight (TOF) MRA and Silent MRA in the same session using a 3T MRI system within 24 hours of embolization. Two radiologists independently interpreted both MRA images retrospectively and rated the image quality using a 5-point Likert scale. The image quality and diagnostic accuracy of the two modalities in the detection of aneurysm occlusion were further compared based on the stent design and the site of aneurysm. Results: The average image quality scores of the Silent MRA and TOF MRA were 4.38 ± 0.83 and 2.78 ± 1.04, respectively (p < 0.001), with an almost perfect interobserver agreement. Silent MRA had a significantly higher image quality score than TOF MRA at the distal internal carotid artery (n = 57, 4.25 ± 0.91 vs. 3.05 ± 1.16, p < 0.001), middle cerebral artery (n = 21, 4.57 ± 0.75 vs. 2.19 ± 0.68, p < 0.001), anterior cerebral artery (n = 13, 4.54 ± 0.66 vs. 2.46 ± 0.66, p < 0.001), and posterior circulation artery (n = 10, 4.50 ± 0.71 vs. 2.90 ± 0.74, p = 0.013). Silent MRA had superior image quality score to TOF MRA in the stented arteries when using Neuroform atlas (4.66 ± 0.53 vs. 3.21 ± 0.84, p < 0.001), Enterprise (3.29 ± 1.59 vs. 1.59 ± 0.51, p = 0.003), LVIS Jr (4.33 ± 1.89 vs. 1.89 ± 0.78, p = 0.033), and Solitaire AB stents (4.00 ± 2.25 vs. 2.25 ± 0.96, p = 0.356). The interpretation of the status of aneurysm occlusion exhibited significantly higher sensitivity with Silent MRA than with TOF MRA when using the Neuroform Atlas stent (96.4% vs. 14.3%, respectively, p < 0.001) and LVIS Jr stent (100% vs. 20%, respectively, p = 0.046). Conclusion: Silent MRA can be useful to evaluate aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coil embolization, regardless of the aneurysm location and type of stent used.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.138-144
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• 1998

목 적 : 면역억제제로 사용되는 cyclosporine과 항암제로 사용되는 mitomycin의 신장에 미치는 직접적인 독성여부를 확인하고 이들 약제의 사용으로 초래되는 신장병변의 발생기전을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 실험동물은 체중 250-300gm의 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 암수 구별없이 사용하였으며 약물 투여는 Hoyer등이 기술한 방법을 다소 변형한 일측성 신관류 방법을 사용하여 좌측 신장을 대동맥과 대정맥의 혈류로부터 차단하고 좌측 신동맥을 통하여 좌측신을 관류시켰다. Cyclosporine은 4 mL에 2.5 mg, mitomycin은 4 mL에 1.6mg의 농도로 하였고 대조군은 생리적 식염수를 .사용하였으며 혈관 clamping으로부터 감자제거까지 소요된 총 ischemic time은 15분을 초과하지 않았다. 약제 투여후 48시간에 실험 동물을 도살하고 좌측 신장을 적출하여 광학 및 전자 현미경 검사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : Cyclosporine투여군에서는 사구체 내피세포 및 상피세포의 심한 종창이 있었으며 간질내 모세혈관의 내피세포도 심한 종창을 보였다. Mitomycin투여군에서는 사구체 내피세포 및 상피세포의 심한 종창을 보였으며 일부의 모세 혈관에는 혈소판의 응집, 종창 및 탈과립 현상과 섬유소 물질도 포함된 혈전성 미세혈관 병변의 소견을 보였다. 결 론 : Cyclosporine과 mitomycin은 신장 내피세포에 직접적인 손상을 초래하며 그러므로 이들 약제 사용으로 인한 혈전성 미세혈관 병변 (용혈성 요독증)의 발생 기전에는 이들 약제의 신장 내피세포에의 직접적인 손상이 중요한 시발점이 되는 것으로 생각된다.($41.4\%$)이 신초음파에서 이상소견을 보였다. 방광요관역류가 있었던 32명(53역류신장)은 역류정도에따라 Grade $I:25.0\%,\;II:44.5\%,\;III:64.3\%,;IV:92.9\%,\;V:100\%$에서 초기 DMSA 신주사상 이상소견을 보였다. 53역류신장중 전체적으로 DMSA신주사에서 36신장($68.0\%$), 신초음파에서 26신장($49.1\%$)이 이상소견을 보여 유의한 차이를 보였으며(P<0.05). 특히 Grade IV 역류신장에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 결 론 : DMSA신주사를 이용한 급성신우신염의 진단은 신초음파검사 보다 유용하며, 초기 DMSA신주사 소견상 이상소견을 보인 경우 약 8-12주 후 추적검사를 시행하여 변화를 관찰하고 섭취결손 부분이 남아있는 경우에는 향후 새로운 병소의 출현 혹은 정상화 여부를 보기 위한 추적검사가 필요하리라 사료된다. 방광요관역류 환아에서 DMSA신주사소견은 방광요관역류의 정도가 심할수록 이상소견을 보일 확률이 높으며 신초음파 검사보다 민감도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다.이는 혈압을 조절시키지 못하였고 저단백식이 항고혈압제투여군은 저단백식이 단독투여군보다 혈압조절 및 단백뇨의 감소 소견은 유의한 차이를 보였으나, mesangial matrix expansion score,대상성 사구체비대는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러므로 만성신부전의 진행을 지연시키는데 있어서 저단백식이와 함께 항고혈압제를 추가하였을 때 항고혈압제에 의한 추가적인 지연 효과는 관찰되지 않았다.학생이 남학생보다 높고, 물리치료과를 타의로

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2006

배경: 관상동맥 폐동맥 이상 기시증(Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery; ALCAPA)은 드문 선천성 심장병으로, 아이들에게 있어 심근경색 및 허혈성 심장병의 가장 흔한 원인 중 하나이다. 치료하지 않을 경우 출생 1년 내에 높은 사망률을 보이며, 진단 즉시 이중관상동맥 체계로 수술적 교정을 해주는 것이 치료 원칙이다. 아직 국내의 임상 경험 및 결과에 대한 보고가 드물어 본원의 경험을 공유하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 서울아산병원에서는 1989년 6월부터 2003년 7월까지 수술을 시행한 6예의 좌관상동맥 폐동맥 이상 기시증과 1예의 우관상동맥 폐동맥이상 기시증 환아를 대상으로 하여 심전도, 단순흉부촬영 및 심초음파 소견 등을 후향적으로 검토하였다. 결과: 환아들 중 남아는 3명이고, 여아는 4명이었으며, 수술 당시 환아의 연령은 중앙값 5.4개월(3$\∼$33개월)이였다. 환아의 몸무게는 평균 6.7$\pm$2.6 kg (3.7$\∼$11.3 kg)이었고, 진단은 3명만이 초기에 좌 관상동맥 폐동맥 이상 연결증으로 정확히 진단되었고, 4명은 다른 진단으로 입원하였다. 수술은 이중관상동맥 체계의 형성을 원칙으로 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술을 시행하였다. 체외순환 시간은 114$\pm$37분, 대동맥차단 시간은 55$\pm$22분이었다. 이차성 심방중격결손의 단순 봉합이 1예, 승모판 성형술이 2예에서 동반 시술되었다. 중환자실 재원일은 평균 5일, 인공호흡기 보조시간은 평균 38시간이며, 술 후 입원기간은 평균 12일이었다. 심전도와 흘부 단순 촬영 소견은 만기 사망한 한 예를 제외하고 모두 호전되었으며, 좌심실 기능의 회복도 거의 정상적으로 회복되어, 수술 후 1년 내에 실시한 심초음파 검사에서 좌심실 박출률(EF: Ejection fraction)은 평균 41.2$\pm$10.3$\%$에서 평균 $59.8{\pm}13.9\%$로, 좌심실 수축률(Shortening Fraction)은 평균 23.6$\pm$4.7$\%$에서 37.4$\pm$7.9$\%$로 호전되었고, 좌심실의 수축기말의 용적지수(LVEDDI: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index to body surface area)는 수술 전100.8$\pm$25.6 mm/$m^{2}$에서 79.3$\pm$ 15.8 mm/$m^{2}$로 감소한 소견을 보였다. 승모판 성형술은 전 승모판엽 탈출증이 있는 두 환아에서 동시에 시행하였다. 수술 후 1년 내 시행한 심초음파에서 모든 환아에서 단지 경등도 이하의 승모판 폐쇄 부전 소견을 보였다. 수술 후 조기 사망은 없었으며, 합병증으로는 유미흉이 한 명에서 있었다. 술 후 10개월째 허혈성 확장성 심근증이 호전되지 않아 Dor 술식을 시행한 후 사망한 예를 제외한 나머지 6명은 특이 증상 없이 정상 생활 중이다 결론: 좌관상동맥 페동맥이상 기시증은 드물기는 하나, 영유아기에 심근경색 및 허혈성 심근증 또는 선천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주었다.