• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.819-826
• /
• 2019

To accurately forecast the supply and demand of harbor pilots, it is necessary to derive the determinants of demand because they are directly linked to securing the safety of ships and ports. The securing of an appropriate numbers of harbor pilots can create conflicts of interest among the pilots, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, and users of pilotage services as it is also a matter directly related to harbor pilots' income. Therefore, a measure is needed to ensure a suitable number of pilots can be maintained, through which high quality pilotage services can be provided. This can be achieved by deriving reasonable determinants for estimating and forecasting demand, which satisfy all stakeholders involved in pilotage service. To reveal the challenges posed by the current determinants regarding the demand for harbor pilots used by the Central Pilotage Operation Council, and arrive at solutions, this study derived three determining factors, namely the total annual average piloting time, the average working hours of pilots, and the current number of pilots. These were used to determine the demand for harbor pilots. This study used a survey and analysis of current determining factors, a questionnaire survey administered to the interested parties, a case study of selected countries, and so on, as the research methodology.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.131-142
• /
• 2017

This study aims to create a Local Climate Zone(LCZ) map of Seoul by using World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools(WUDAPT) protocol, and to analyze the characteristics of the Seoul LCZs. For this purpose, training samples of 17 LCZ types were collected by using Landsat images and Google Earth. LCZ Classification and Filtering were performed by SAGA GIS. An ArcGIS was used to analyze the characteristics of each LCZ type. The characteristics of the LCZ types were analyzed by focusing on building surface fraction ratio, impervious surface fraction ratio, pervious surface fraction ratio, building stories and air temperature. The results show that one filtering was found to be most appropriate. While Yangcheongu and Yeongdeungpogu with the higher annual and maximum mean air temperature than other areas have the higher rate of LCZ 3(compact low-rise) and LCZ 4(open high-rise), Jongnogu, Eunpyeonggu, Nowongu and Gwanakgu with the lower value have the higher rate of LCZ A(Dence trees). The values of building surface fraction ratio, impervious surface fraction ratio and building stories of each LCZ were included in the range of WUDAPT for most LCZs. However, the values of pervious surface fraction ratio were out of the range, in particular, in the LCZs 4~6 and 9~10. This study shows the usability and applicability of the WUDAPT methodology and its climate zone classification used in many countries as a basic data for the landscape planning and policy to improve the thermal environment in urban areas.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.37-52
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the current status of a program for an elementary math class for gifted students in Daegu and to propose a remedy. The main results of this thesis are as follows. First, goals of the gifted class and the basic operation direction were satisfactory, however plans for parent training programs and self evaluation of the classes were not presented. Therefore, it needs when and how to do for specific plan of gifted class evaluation and parent training programs. Second, The annual instruction plan has been restricted to the subject matter education and field trips and has not included specific teaching methods in accordance with the contents of learning program. The management of gifted classes, therefore, requires not only the subject matter education and field trips but also output presentations, leadership programs, voluntary activities, events and camps which promote the integral development of gifted students. Third, there is no duplication of content to another grade, and various activities did not cover the whole scope of math topics(eg. number and operation, geometry, measurement, pattern) equally. In accordance with elementary mathematics characteristics, teachers should equally distribute time in whole range of mathematics while they teach students in the class because it is critical to discover gifted students throughout the whole curriculum of elementary mathematics. Fourth, as there are insufficient support and operational lack of material development, several types of programs are not utilized and balanced. It is necessary for teachers to try to find the type of teaching methods in accordance with the circumstances and content, so that students can experience several types of programs. If through this study, we can improve the development, management and quality of gifted math programs, it would further the development of gifted education.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.600-606
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate work environment and job satisfaction of dental hygienists. The survey had collected 373 dental hygienists in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do areas. The results were as follow; 1. The overall average of job satisfaction was 3.30. 2. Differences in the general characteristics and job satisfaction were significantly high with high age, high educational level and high work experience for married people. It was also significantly high when people worked in Gyeongsangbuk-do rather than in Daegu. 3. Differences in work environment and job satisfaction were significantly high in large size of the hospital, patient management and consultation services rather than assistance, monthly salary rather than annular salary, the presence of training opportunity and benefit for long-term worker, and more other vacations and annual vacations. 4. The influence factors of general characteristics on job satisfaction were education, work area and marriage in order ($R^2$=0.092). 5. The influence factors of work environment on job satisfaction were training opportunities, benefit for long-term worker, size of hospital, area of work and incentives in order($R^2$=0.092). From the above results, in order to improve job satisfaction of dental hygienists require a reasonable working environment considering the realistic situation improved.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This is a descriptive study that provides basic material to improve occupational health nurses' work conditions and industrial performance status. Methods: The 955 nurses who participated in the training program to understand the purpose of this study from January 2009 to December 2010 conducted by the Korean Association of Occupational Health Nurses agreed to be subjects for the study. The questionnaire included the general characteristics, work conditions and performance of occupational health management. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Occupational health management performance of the subjects averaged 3.11 points and detailed area by health management 3.64 points, environment management 2.91 points and occupational management 2.77 points. Health management performance of those factors affecting the duration of occupational health nurse (${\beta}$=.199), type of industry (${\beta}$=.126), average annual income (${\beta}$=-.277) to 11.4% (F=3.175, p<.001) were found to be a significant determinant. Conclusion: Occupational health nurses are the core workforce of occupational health through the prevention of occupational disease and industrial accidents. Findings of this study can be an important resource to increase appropriate occupational health nurses' work conditions and performance of occupational health management.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.317-321
• /
• 2016

Background: This study was conducted with aim of providing an overview of the current status of occupational health services and identifying the most common harmful agents at workplaces of Iranian self-employed enterprises (Nano-Scale Enterprises). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among a random sample including 1,758 employees engaging in self-employed enterprises with 5 and less employees. Results: Coverage of occupational health surveillance was very poor, annual health examinations were been conducted only for 64 (3.64%) of males and 31 (1.76%) of females, and occupational health trainings were not included of the services at all. Personal Protective Equipment were available in 462 (26.3%) of the enterprises. only in 0.4% of the enterprises working processes were been equipped by a local exhaust ventilation system. Difficult postures were the most common (81.5%) adverse working conditions. Conclusion: This study revealed a poor level of the implementation of occupational health services in Iranian self-employed enterprises. Based on the findings, providing basic training on the occupational health, more enforcing in conduction of health examinations and providing PPE, and taking appropriate strategies aimed at eliminating or minimizing work environment harmful agents are the major factor that should be considered to improve the level of occupational health services among the studied enterprises.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2011

In order to establish the effective community village as planned, it is the most important factor in residents' participation at the stage of design process. Especially, community space, which is commonly used by all members, must be designed through consultation process of community members themselves to accommodate the needs of various daily activities. So, in this study, the participation process to design the common community facility is developed and the actual residents' participation workshop was conducted in Baek-Hwa village, which is being built on South Korea. Also, the space of community facilities was designed based on the direct opinions and needs of actual residents obtained by workshop process. The workshop was conducted two times: the first workshop was conducted for the design of common residents' facilities and the second was for trying to utilize the virtual designed space. During the workshop process, it is found that the positive participation of members of village is naturally occurred to design residents' space in the workshop process. As a result, most people want to make the space of gym, library, and dining room in spatial configuration. Among them, the hobby room was highly demanded. There is lots of demand for the joint activities and training program in common activity fields. Also, the prediction of the various occurrence so fun expected situations was requested in the game of creating rules and role-playing. In the conclusion, it was acknowledged the necessity of residents' participation design and the importance of communication between architects and residents for decision-making.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1992

With 16 years' oceanographic data(1973-1988) of the National Fisheries Research and Development Agency and the CTD data collected by a training ship of Korea Maritime University during Nov. 6-11, 1989, the inflow path of the bottom cold water in the western channel of the Korea Strait were investigated. Temperature of the bottom water in the western channel shows the lowest in summer and large annual variation. According to the temperature distributions in the years when the bottom cold water exists in the western channel in summer, the cold water in the southwestern region of the East Sea seems to intrude into the western channel through the sea southeast 10- 15 miles off Ulsan with its properties showing slight change during advection.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.265-279
• /
• 2017

The climate change has made adverse effects on land surface temperature for many regions of the world. Several climatic studies focused on different downscaling techniques for climatological parameters of different regions. For statistical downscaling of any hydrological parameters, conventional Neural Network Models were used in common. However, it seems that in any modeling study, uncertainty is a vital aspect when making any predictions about the performance. In this paper, Gamma Test is performed to determine the data length selection for training to minimize the uncertainty in model development. Another measure to improve the data quality and model development are wavelet transforms. Hence, Gamma Test with Wavelet decomposed Feedforward Neural Network (GT-WNN) model is developed and tested for downscaled land surface temperature of Patna Urban, Bihar. The results of GT-WNN model are compared with GT-FFNN and conventional Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) model. The effectiveness of the developed models is illustrated by Root Mean Square Error and Coefficient of Correlation. Results showed that GT-WNN outperformed the GT-FFNN and conventional FFNN in downscaling the land surface temperature. The land surface temperature is forecasted for a period of 2015-2044 with GT-WNN model for Patna Urban in Bihar. In addition, the significance of the probable changes in the land surface temperature is also found through Mann-Kendall (M-K) Test for Summer, Winter, Monsoon and Post Monsoon seasons. Results showed an increasing surface temperature trend for summer and winter seasons and no significant trend for monsoon and post monsoon season over the study area for the period between 2015 and 2044. Overall, the M-K test analysis for the annual data shows an increasing trend in the land surface temperature of Patna Urban.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of plantation thinning on physical and mechanical properties of Larix kaempferi. Tree samples were obtained from unthinned, moderately, heavily thinned plantations where located in Kwangryung forest research stand. The effects of different thinning methods on the bending and parallel to grain compressive strengths of Larix kaempferi were explored. Average latewood ratio with various thinning treatments revealed the trend of unthinning < moderate thinning < heavy thinning treatment. Average annual ring width with various thinning treatments showed the trend of unthinning < moderate thinning or heavy thinning treatment. Average bending and parallel to grain compressive strengths with various thinning treatments revealed the trend of unthinning > moderate thinning > heavy thinning treatment. This indicates that thinning treatment reduces average bending and parallel to grain compressive strength properties.