• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.1402-1412
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• 2021

Chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) is a major complication of acute ankle sprain that can cause discomfort in both daily and sports activities and may lead to degenerative changes in the ankle joint as the long-term sequelae. The precise cause of CLAI remains debatable and is most probably multifactorial. However, identifying chronic lateral ankle ligament injury is critical in determining the primary etiology and formulating an appropriate treatment plan. This review discusses the features and effectiveness of various imaging techniques in diagnosing chronic lateral ankle ligament injury.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.224-230
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the fascia distortion model (FDM), one of the fascia treatments, on unstable ankle subjects. This was done through the chronic ankle instability tool (CAIT) questionnaire on maximum isometric muscle strength, proprioception, dynamic balance, and maximum angle. Methods: An experiment was conducted using the chronic ankle instability tool questionnaire on males and females in their twenties who suffered from ankle instability. Before the experiment, maximum isometric strength, proprioceptive, dynamic balance, and maximum angle were measured. The fascia distortion model was applied and then measurements were taken again to compare and analyze the changes. Analysis was carried out using the paired t-test. Results: After applying the fascia distortion model, maximum isometric strength, proprioceptive, dynamic balance, and maximum angle significantly improved (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that the fascia distortion model method was effective in improving maximum isometric strength, proprioceptive, dynamic balance, and maximum angle. The results suggest that the fascia distortion model method is a new intervention that could be used for subjects with chronic ankle instability.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2021

The term chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) embraces a spectrum of conditions that involve functional and mechanical instability, both in athletes and lower-demand patients. The hallmarks of CLAI are recurrent sprains, persistent pain, and repeated episodes of the ankle giving way. CLAI is the main complication of acute ankle sprains, which can cause discomfort in daily and sports activity. Approximately 10% to 30% of patients with acute ligament ruptures will develop chronic instability over the course of a year from the index injury. An accurate diagnostic approach and successful treatment plan should be established based on a comprehensive understanding of the concept of functional and mechanical instability. Unfortunately, the optimal modality for the management of CLAI is unclear. Even after conservative treatment or surgical intervention, it could result in degenerative changes to the ankle joint in the long term. Thus far, the incidence of ligamentous posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis was reported to be 13% to 78%. The mean latency time between injury and osteoarthritis was at least 10 to 34.3 years. CLAI is an important pathological condition that can cause discomfort or dysfunction in daily activity in the short term, resulting in joint destruction in the long term. Therefore, it is important to understand the various complications that can occur when CLAI is not treated properly.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.283-287
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the result of arthroscopic modified Brostrom procedure with suture anchor for chronic lateral ankle instability. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients with chronic lateral ankle instability were analyzed, who underwent arthroscopic modified Brostrom procedure between December 2010 and May 2012. Clinical evaluation was performed using AOFAS scroring and Sefton grading system. Results: The average AOFAS hind foot score increased from preoperative 61.9 to 88.8 at the last follow up. There were 35 excellent, 9 good, 4 fair, 4 poor results according to Sefton grading system. For one patient, lateral ankle instability recurred. Conclusion: Arthroscopic modified Brostrom procedure is considered to be an effective and satisfactory technique.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Chronic lateral ankle instability is a major complication of acute ankle sprains, which can cause discomfort in both daily and sports activity. In addition, it may result in degenerative changes to the ankle joint in the long term. An accurate diagnostic approach and successful treatment plan can be established based on a comprehensive understanding of the concept of functional and mechanical instability. The patients' history and correct physical examination would be the first and most important step. The hindfoot alignment, competence of the lateral ligaments, and proprioceptive function should be evaluated. Additional information can be gathered using standard and stress radiographs. In addition, concomitant pathologic conditions can be investigated by magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative rehabilitation composed of the range of motion, muscle strengthening, and proprioceptive exercise is the main treatment for functional instability and mechanical instability. Regarding the mechanical instability, surgical treatment can be considered for irresponsible patients after a sufficient period of rehabilitation. Anatomic repair (modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ operation) is regarded as the gold standard procedure. In cases with poor prognostic factors, an anatomical reconstruction or additional procedures can be chosen. For combined intra-articular pathologies, arthroscopic procedures should be conducted, and arthroscopic lateral ligament repair has recently been introduced. Regarding the postoperative management, early functional rehabilitation with short term immobilization is recommended.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1950-1953
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• 2020

Background: Ankle instability usually occurs after stroke, and contributes to unsafe walking and associated risk of falling in the affected patients. Objective: To investigate the effects of kinesiology taping (KT) on gait and balance ability (center of pressure, CoP) in patients with ankle instability after stroke. Design: One group, pre-post design. Methods: A total of 11 patients with ankle instability after stroke were enrolled. In all subjects, the gait and balance ability were assessed under 2 conditions: KT and barefoot. Gait and balance ability was assessed using GAITRite system and FDM-S platform. Results: Comparison between KT and barefoot condition, KT condition was significantly higher in velocity, cadence, step length, and stride length than barefoot condition (P<.05). KT condition was significantly lower in CoP path length and sway speed than barefoot condition (P<.05). Conclusion: KT indicated potential as a helpful method for walking and balancing ability in patients with ankle instability after stroke. Therefore, this study recommends KT as an option applicable to the stroke with ankle instability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.459-463
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between functional movement screen (FMS) and ankle dysfunctions in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of 20 participants with CAI. The ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), center of pressure (COP) path length, and COP velocity for ankle dysfunction were measured in all the subjects. All the subjects underwent the FMS concerned with ankle functions consisted of deep squats, hurdle steps and in-line lunges. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient was used to determine relationship between the ankle ROM, FADI, COP and FMS. Results: The results of the deep squat and in-line lunge exercises revealed a significant correlation with the ankle dorsiflexion ROM, FADI, COP path length, and COP velocity. The hurdle step showed no correlation with the ankle dorsiflexion ROM and FADI but a significant relationship with the COP path length and COP velocity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that relationship deep squat and in-line lunge and it is suggested that an assessment tool using ankle dorsiflexion ROM and ankle instability would be clinically effective.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motor imagery on the onset time of the leg muscle and ankle injury score of patients with functional ankle instability. Methods: The study included 16 patients with ankle instability after their ankle sprains. Motor imagery was performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The onset time of leg muscles was measured by using the surface EMG in one leg standing position on tibialis anterior, peroneous longus and medial, lateral gastrocnemius. The pre- and post-intervention was measured by using the ankle injury score. Data was analyzed by a paired t-test. Results: The onset time was reduced but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The order of muscle recruitment was changed. Anke injury score increased significantly after motor imagery (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that motor imagery was effective by showing delayed onset time of peroneal muscle in patients with functional ankle instability. In future studies, various conditions and disorders should all be considered for the effective analysis of motor imagery.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2022

Background: Ankle sprains, and the resulting ankle instability worsen to chronic due to recurrent ankle injuries or sprains, 78% of which are accompanied by posture instability and damage due to changes in the position of the talus of the ankle. The purpose of this study is to investigate the immediate effect of applying MWM taping on the patient's muscle strength and balance ability in patients with chronic ankle instability. Methods: 15 people with MWM taping and 15 people with Kinesio taping were applied, and after applying the taping of the ankle, 10 minutes of walking treadmill and 10 times of forward lunge operation, the change in ankle muscle strength and balance ability was confirmed. The strength test of the ankle was performed using a test device called Biodex system 4 (USA) for the movement of the dorsi-flexion and plantar flexion of the foot, and the balance of the two groups was measured using Biodex balance system (USA) to test balance ability. Results: The comparison of muscle strength changes in the ankle does not show a significant increase in the group applying MWM compared to the group applying kinesio taping (p<.05). In the comparison of equilibrium capabilities, the MWM taping group also showed a significant increase in the MWM taping group compared to the kinesio taping group (p<.05). Conclusion: When applying MWM taping and kinesio taping to patients with chronic ankle instability, there was no significant difference in comparison of muscle strength changes, but there was a significant difference in comparison of balance ability.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the effect of blood flow restriction exercise on ankle muscle strength and balance ability to achieve maximum efficiency with the same exercise intensity and time. Methods : Twenty-six adults are randomly assigned to experimental group (n=13) and comparison group (n=13). The experimental group performed ankle joint strength exercises with blood flow restriction applied while the comparison group performed ankle joint strength exercises without blood flow restriction applied three times a week for four weeks. The digital muscle measurement, Y-balance test, and Cumberland ankle instability tool were used to evaluate the subject's muscle strength, dynamic balance, and ankle instability index before and after the intervention. Results : In within-group comparison muscle strength, all the two groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05). In between-group comparison, there was significant difference in the change of dorsiflexion, eversion strength pre and post intervention (p<.05). but plantarflexion was no significant difference between pre and post intervention in the group comparison (p>.05). In within-group comparison dynamic balance, all the two groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05). In between-group comparison, there was no significant difference in the change of Y-balance score pre and post intervention (p>.05). In within-group comparison ankle instability index, all the two groups showed significant improvements post intervention (p<.05). In between-group comparison, there was no significant difference in the change of CAIT score pre and post intervention (p>.05). Conclusion : The results of this study show that ankle joint strength exercise improved the strength and balance ability of those complaining of chronic ankle instability, and ankle joint strength exercise applied with blood flow restriction was more effective in dorsiflexion and eversion strength exercise than ankle joint strength exercise without blood flow restriction.