• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.87-90
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• 2001

This paper presents a design of new type biped robot and dynamic walking simulation for this system. The robot is distinguished from other one by which has a parallel mechanism type trunk and lead-screw type actuators to drive the joints of the trunk, knee and ankle. The basic consideration on the design is that it is able to accommodate itself to human's daily environments without any other modification of around and also to operate its upper limbs more smoothly with a spine functional trunk. It is designed according to a human with about 130 cm height and about 30 kg weight. And it also is able to dynamically walk on an even ground. It has constructed with total 14 DOFs which have two legs, a hip, and a trunk. The joints of each leg and trunk are adopted with a parallel structure which has good kinematic characteristics and take light weight. To test of the capacity of joint actuators and to analysis of the dynamic properties of the biped robot, optimized trunk trajectory is determined by means of an approximated FFT method based on ZMP criteria, and dynamic simulation is performed using DADS with a 1.1 time/step velocity on the even ground during four steps.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.357-364
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• 2010

This study proposes a lower-limb exoskeleton system that is controlled by a wearer's muscle activity. This system is designed by following procedure. First, analyze the muscle activation patterns of human leg while walking. Second, select the adequate actuator to support the human walking based on calculation of required force of knee joint for step walking. Third, unit type knee and ankle orthotics are integrated with selected actuator. Finally, using this knee-assistive system (KAS) and developed muscle stiffness sensors (MSS), the muscle activity pattern of the subject is analyzed while he is walking on the stair. This study proposes an operating algorithm of KAS based on command signal of MSS which is generated by motion intent of human. A healthy and normal subject walked while wearing the developed powered-knee exoskeleton on his/her knees, and measured effectively assisted plantar flexor strength of the subject's knees and those neighboring muscles. Finally, capabilities and feasibility of the KAS are evaluated by testing the adapted motor pattern and the EMG signal variance while walking with exoskeleton. These results shows that developed exoskeleton which controlled by muscle activity could help human's walking acceptably.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.171-186
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• 1999

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic or chronically relapsing, pruritic dermatitis. It commonly occurs in patients with a personal or family history of atopy. We studied 67 children suffering from atopic dermatitis Oriental Medicine Hospital in Kyunghee University, and analyzed sex, age, feeding, clinical manifestation, risk factor. The results were as follows : 1.Most age distribution of children was from 2 to 6, male to female ratio was 1:1.03 2.Breast-feeding to milk-feeding ratio was 2.93:1 3.Frequency of aggravating symptom by specific food was 31.3%, among this, meat(especially chicken) was revealed high risk factor 4.Frequency of family history suffering from other allergic disease was 61.2%, among this father to mother ratio was 1.27:1 5.Sites of atopic dermatitis were as follows : The inner space of elbow and knee joint was 77.65, back, face, neck was 56.7%, back of ear was 52.2%, wrist was 46.3%, abdomen was 38.8%, ankle was 34.3%,head was 29.9%.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2015

Gouty ulcer can be caused by the accumulation of clumps of uric acid in body tissues that lead to acute or chronic inflammation at sites of accumulation. Furthermore, tophi-inhibiting granulation tissue may form a canal that channels microbial infection from the underlying involved joint space, and thus, presents the risk of osteomyelitis development. Accordingly, gouty ulcer must be treated appropriately. In this case, refractory wounds on gouty ulcers at the left shin and left radial ankle were treated by surgical debridement. Negative-pressure wound therapy was used successfully to prevent post-operative delayed wound healing.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: Stretching exercises are commonly used in conjunction with sports and rehabilitation. Weassessed the immediate effects of stretching on passive stiffness of the hamstring muscles and knee range of motion (ROM) using three stretching techniques. Methods: A total of 45 participants were recruited. Isokinetic equipment was used to measure the passive stiffness of hamstring muscles and an inclinometer was used to measure active and passive ROM of the knee joint pre and post stretching. Stiffness was then calculated based on the incline of the torque-angle relationship. The test conditions for Group I were $3{\times}30$ seconds of static stretches using the hamstring muscle, Group II were $3{\times}30$ seconds of static stretches using the hamstring muscle with ankle dorsiflexion, and Group IIII had $3{\times}30$ seconds of active stretching. Results: Group II had significantly higher excursion of active ROM and Group IIIhad significantly higher excursion of passive muscle stiffness. All of the groups had significantly higher active and passive ROM and significantly lower muscle stiffness after stretching. The participants showed no change in hamstring muscle stiffness on the following day. Conclusion: Stretching has significant acute effects on ROM and muscle stiffness and canbe used in warm-up protocols for reducing muscle stiffness before a variety of exercise programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

In this study, a robot foot having toes for firm stepping on uneven surface is proposed. The toes are connected to the lower leg by parallel links so that the lower leg can rotate in the rolling and pitching directions during stance phase without ankle joint. The landing performance of the foot on uneven surface was evaluated by relative comparison with that of the most common foot making point contact with the walking surface, since the test conditions considering real uneven surface could be hardly defined for its objective evaluation. Anti-slip margin(ASM) was defined in this study to express the slip resistance of a robot foot when it lands on a projection with half circular-, triangular- or rectangular cross section, assuming that uneven surface consists of projections having these kind of cross sections in different sizes. Based on the ASM analysis, the slip conditions for the two feet were experimentally confirmed. The results showed that the slip resistance of the new foot is not only higher than that of the conventional point contact type foot but also less sensitive to the surface friction coefficient.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.270-277
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• 2009

1. Objectives The purpose of this case study is to report the effects of Sukjiwhanggosam-tang which is based on the Sasang Constitutional Medicine for the Foot drop caused by peroneal nerve palsy. 2. Methods This patient was treated by Sukjiwhanggosam-tang according to the result of Sasang Constitutional diagnosis. We used Visual analogue scale(VAS), Range of motion(ROM) and Manual Muscle Testing(MMT) to evaluate the improvement of the Foot drop. 3. Results After 20 days treatment, the VAS of Rt. leg & foot hypoesthesia decreased from 10 to 2. The ROM of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint increased from $10^{\circ}$ to $30^{\circ}$ and the grade of MMT increased from 3 to 4. 4. Conclusions This case study shows an efficient result of using Sukjiwhanggosam-tang in the treatment of the Foot drop caused by peroneal nerve palsy.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a 12-week aquatic exercise on obstacle gait in older women. Originally, 20 healthy female elderly participated this study but 12 of them completed the program. All participants were trained in the aquatic exercise program by an authorized trainer. They had come to the authors' lab three times during training period(0, 6, 12 weeks) and performed obstacle gait with three different height(0, 30, and 50% of leg length). After performed 3-Dimensional motion analysis following results were found. (1) For the CV, MVHC, TC, HC, statistically significances were shown in obstacle height. Although significant training effects were not shown, all variables showed typical patterns and it was considered as efficient motion to overcome the height obstacles. (2) The anterior-posterior and vertical GRF of support leg during support phase were revealed in height effect but in training one. However, differences between Peak 1 and Peak 2 in vertical GRF increased as training period increased. (3) Knee and hip resultant joint moments were affected by training but ankle resultant moments remained unchanged.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.129-132
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• 1993

Paraplegia complicating a block of the celiac plexus with alcohol for recurrent stomach cancer is described. A 33 year old male patient was admitted to control for severe epigastric pain. With the patient in prone position, the needle was advanced further than 2 cm on the anterior margin of $L_1$ vertebral body under fluoroscopy. 3 ml of 1% lidocaine and 5 ml of conray were injected through each needle, and the diffusion of the contrast medium was checked, This was followed by 7 ml of pure alcohol and 8 ml of 50% alcohol for each needle. At that time, the patient was very satisfied with loss of abdominal pain. About 30 minutes after injection of alcohol, suddenly patient complained of severe burning pain on back and both extremities. Thereafter, loss of sensation and paralysis in both extremities were developed slowly. The senstivity to cold recovered 3 days after block. By the 33rd day after the block, sensation had recovered in both extremities, the bladder and rectum. Movement of the right ankle joint and left great toe was also possible.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2016

Objective: Gymnastics on rings needs a high level of muscle strength with balance ability for controlling the body. A study on a new balance training program is necessary for elite gymnasts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week pilates core-muscle training on balance ability and asymmetry index of the L-sit on the rings in male elite gymnasts. Method: Ten elite gymnasts (age: $20.6{\pm}0.7years$, height: $169.9{\pm}4.9cm$, weight: $65.4{\pm}5.6kg$, career duration: $20.6{\pm}0.7years$), who are students at K-university, participated in this study. Results: First, the range of the COM tended to decrease in the anterior-posterior direction. Second, the left hip joint angle and knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion angles significantly increased after the pilates training. Third, the ROM also increased. Fourth, the symmetry value increased in the hip angle, while the symmetry index in all joints of the ROM decreased. As a result, the pilates core-muscle training influenced the static balance ability during the L-sit on the rings. Conclusion: Accordingly, the pilates core-muscle training is suitable in enhancing the basic balance ability in gymnastics on rings.