• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2019

Compression wear provides clothing pressure and affects how blood flows. Facilitating a blood flow is one of the most important functions of compression wear. The wearer's sensibility should be considered when designing compression wear. This study instructed participants to put on 5 types of sport compression wear with different pressure levels (CP-1 to CP-5), measured clothing pressure, blood flow level, blood flow rate, and surface temperature, and examined the pressure level that influenced blood flow through a subjective sensibility assessment. An experiment measured the clothing pressure of compression wear available in the market and found that the pressure ranged 0.6-1.1 kPa for the ankle, 0.7-2.3 kPa for the calf, and 0.9-1.9 kPa for the thigh. Meanwhile, blood flow levels and rates significantly increased when participants wore CP-1, which had the highest clothing pressure level, and CP-2 and CP-4 with middle-level pressure. After exercise, CP-2's surface temperature was the highest and revealed that wearing CP-2 facilitated blood flow. CP-2 was evaluated as most positive in the sensibility assessment and showed a clothing pressure of 0.67-1.82 kPa; its pressure for the calf did not surpass 2.0 kPa. Considering positive physical effect of compression wear on blood flow and subjective psychological effect on participants, CP-2 (0.67-1.82 kPa) would have the most suitable clothing pressure level among other types of the wear in this study.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2019

Background: Performing cognitive tasks and muscular fatigue have been shown to increase muscle activity of the lower extremity during quiet standing. A common intervention to reduce muscular fatigue is to provide a softer shoe-surface interface. However, little is known regarding how muscle activity is affected by softer shoe-surface interfaces during static standing. The purpose of this study was to assess lower extremity muscular activity during erect standing on three different standing surfaces, before and after an acute workload and during cognitive tasks. Methods: Surface electromyography was collected on ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, and knee flexors and extensors of fifteen male participants. Dependent electromyography variables of mean, peak, root mean square, and cocontraction index were calculated and analyzed with a $2{\times}2{\times}3$ within-subject repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Pre-workload muscle activity did not differ between surfaces and cognitive task conditions. However, greater muscle activity during post-workload balance assessment was found, specifically during the cognitive task. Cognitive task errors did not differ between surface and workload. Conclusions: The cognitive task after workload increased lower extremity muscular activity compared to quite standing, irrespective of the surface condition, suggesting an increased demand was placed on the postural control system as the result of both fatigue and cognitive task.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.318-323
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• 2020

Objective: Reacquisition of motor functions following stroke depends on interhemispheric neural connections. The intervention highlighted in the present case is an insight for augmenting motor recovery by stimulating the lesioned area and adjacent areas governing the motor behaviour of an individual. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the motor and cognitive outcomes through multi target stimulation of cortical areas by application of multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation (M-tDCS) in a stroke survivor. Design: A case report. Methods: The patient was a participant of a trial registered with the clinical trial registry of India (CTRI/2020/01/022998). The patient was intervened with M-tDCS over the left primary motor cortex i.e. C3 point and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex i.e. F3 point with 0.5-2 mA intensity for the period of 20 minutes. SaeboFlex-assisted task-oriented training, functional electrical stimulation over the lower extremity (LE) to elicit dorsiflexion at the ankle and eversion of the foot, and conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation including a tailored exercise program were performed. Outcome assessment was done using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA) for the upper and lower extremity (UE and LE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) and the Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SSQOL) measures. Assessment was taken at Day 0, 15 and 30 post intervention. Results: Improvement was observed in all the outcome measures i.e FMA (UE and LE), MOCA, SSQOL and WGS across the span of 4 weeks. Conclusions: M-tDCS induced improvement in motor functions of the UE and LE, gait parameters and cognitive functions of the patient.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.233-246
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• 2022

Purpose : The study aims to determine the effects of virtual and non-virtual realities in a normal person's mirror walk on gait characteristics. Methods : Twenty male adults (Age: 27.8 ± 5.8 years) participated in the study. Reflection markers were attached to the subjects for motion analysis, and they walked in virtual reality environments with mirrors by wearing goggles that showed them the virtual environments. After walking in virtual environments, the subjects walked in non-virtual environments with mirrors a certain distance away after taking a 5 min break. To prevent the order effect caused by the experiential difference of gait order, the subjects were randomly classified into groups of 10 and the order was differentiated. During each walk, an infrared camera was used to detect motion and the marker positions were saved in real time. Results : Comparison between the virtual and non-virtual reality mirror walks showed that the movable range of the leg joints (ankle, knee, and hip joints), body joints (sacroiliac and atlantoaxial joints), and arm joints (shoulder and wrist joints) significantly differed. Temporal characteristics showed that compared to non-virtual gaits, the virtual gaits were slower and the cycle time and double limb support time of virtual gaits were longer. Furthermore, spacial characteristics showed that compared to non-virtual gaits, virtual gaits had shorter steps and stride lengths and longer stride width and horizontally longer center of movement. Conclusion : The reduction in the joint movement in virtual reality compared to that in non-virtual reality is due to adverse effects on balance and efficiency during walking. Moreover, the spatiotemporal characteristics change based on the gait mechanisms for balance, exhibiting that virtual walks are more demanding than non-virtual walks. However, note that the subject group is a normal group with no abnormalities in gait and balance and it is unclear whether the decrease in performance is due to the environment or fear. Therefore, the effects of the subject group's improvement and fear on the results need to be analyzed in future studies.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2009

목적: 성장기 태권도 선수가 호소하는 만성 통증의 유형과 원인을 분석하고 이에 대한 선수 및 지도자의 인식 조사와 함께 만성 통증을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 모색해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 3월부터 2007년 6월까지 1년 4개월 동안 광주광역시의 초, 중, 고교 태권도 선수 210명과 지도자 12명을 조사하였다. 진단은 이학적 검사와 단순 방사선 촬영, MRI 등을 통해 이루어졌다. 결과: 조사 대상 선수 210명 중 만성 통증을 겪은 선수는 162명(77.1%)이였으며 세 부위의 만성 통증을 겪은 선수는 19명(11.7%), 두 부위는 74명(45.7%), 한 부위는 69명(42.6%)이였다. 162명의 만성 통증 274예에서 손상 부위로는 족부, 족관절부가 145예(52.9%)로 가장 많았고 수부, 수근관절부 47예(17.2%), 슬관절부 38예(13.9%), 고관절부 25예(9.1%), 요추부 19예(6.9%)였다. 만성 통증의 손상 유형으로는 족부의 좌상(타박상)이 103예로 가장 많았고 다음으로 족관절부 염좌 40예, 수부, 수근관절부 좌상 28예 등이었으며 이러한 만성 통증을 유발하는 손상 원인으로는 겨루기 연습 손상이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 무리한 훈련이었으며, 경기 손상 등이 있었다. 결론: 성장기 태권도 선수들에게 만성 통증이 흔히 있었고 족부, 족관절부 통증이 많았으며 손상 유형으로는 좌상과 염좌가 많았다. 손상 원인으로는 겨루기 연습 손상이 가장 많았으며 만성 통증으로의 이행은 무리한 훈련과 잦은 경기가 큰 원인이 되고 있었다. 이러한 선수들의 손상을 예방하고 치료하기 위한 다각적인 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.224-233
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• 2021

목적: 종골 골절 후 발생하는 부정유합으로 인해 체부의 폭이 증가하면 후족부 외측의 통증이 발생한다. 외측벽 돌출을 줄이기 위해 저자들이 고안한 K-강선(Kirschner wire) 지지대의 정복 유지 효과를 임상 및 영상학적 결과로 후향적으로 평가해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2015년 1월부터 2017년 12월까지 전위된 관절 내 종골 골절 환자 중 정복 유지를 위해 K-강선 지지대를 사용한 환자 22명(A군)과 K-강선 지지대를 사용하지 않은 환자 중 A군 환자와 1:2로 짝지은 44명의 환자들(B군)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 수술은 확장된 족근동 접근법으로 시행되었으며 유관나사와 Steinmann 핀, K-강선을 이용한 내고정술을 시행하였다. 술 후 임상적 평가로는 미국족부족관절학회의 족관절-후족부 수치와 수술 후 운동능력의 회복 정도를 비교하였다. 영상학적 결과는 Böhler 각, Gissane 각, 종골의 높이와 폭, 관절 내 함몰 정도와 종골 외측벽의 돌출 정도를 비교하였다. 또한 두 군의 환자에서 수술 후 발생한 합병증도 분석해 보았다. 결과: 임상적 결과는 두 군 간에 유의미한 차이가 없었다(p=0.924, p=0.961). 영상학적으로 Böhler 각, Gissane 각, 종골의 높이와 폭, 관절 내 함몰 정도에는 유의한 차이가 없었지만(p=0.170, p=0.441, p=0.230, p=0.266, p=0.400), 종골 외측벽의 돌출 정도는 A군이 평균 1.78 mm, B군이 4.95 mm로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.017). B군에서 비복 신경 포착과 통증을 동반한 외골종의 빈도는 더 많았지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.293, p=0.655). 결론: 임상적 평가 및 영상학적 평가의 대부분과 두 군의 합병증 비교에서 유의한 차이는 없었으나 종골 외측벽의 돌출 정도에 있어서는 A군에서 우수한 결과를 보였다. 저자들이 고안한 K-강선 지지대 수술법은 전위된 관절 내 종골 골절에서 외측벽 돌출의 정복 유지에 효과적인 수술 방법이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the joint movements and muscle activities of novices according to pedal type (flat, clip, and cleat pedal). Method: Nine novice male subjects (age: $24.4{\pm}1.9years$, height: $1.77{\pm}0.05m$, weight: $72.4{\pm}7.6kg$, shoe size: $267.20{\pm}7.50mm$) participated in 3-minute, 60-rpm cycle pedaling tests with the same load and cadence. Each of the subject's saddle height was determined by the $155^{\circ}$ knee flexion angle when the pedal crank was at the 6 o'clock position ($25^{\circ}$ knee angle method). The muscle activities of the vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius medialis were compared by using electromyography during 4 pedaling phases (phase 1: $330{\sim}30^{\circ}$, phase 2: $30{\sim}150^{\circ}$, phase 3: $150{\sim}210^{\circ}$, and phase 4: $210{\sim}330^{\circ}$). Results: The knee joint movement (range of motion) and maximum dorsiflexion angle of the ankle joint with the flat pedal were larger than those of the clip and cleat pedals. The maximum plantarflexion timing with the flat and clip pedals was faster than that of the flat pedal. Electromyography revealed that the vastus lateralis muscle activity with the flat pedal was greater than that with the clip and cleat pedals. Conclusion: With the clip and cleat pedals, the joint movements were limited but the muscle activities were more effective than that with the flat pedal. The novice cannot benefit from the clip and cleat pedals regardless of their pull-up pedaling advantage. Therefore, the novice should perform the skilled pulling-up pedaling exercise in order to benefit from the clip and cleat pedals in terms of pedaling performance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

연구목적: 이 연구는 피부표면 냉각이 생체내의 건구조 점탄성 특성에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 방법: 7명의 남성 실험 대상자는 족저굴곡 운동을 10회$\times$10set, 60초 간격으로 최대 수의적 수축을 6초간 각각 실시하였다. 각 측정 전후에 내측 비복근(MG)의 건과 건막의 신장은 초음파 검사법에 의하여 직접 측정되었다(건 장력과 건 신장의 관계로 평가 되었다). 건 횡단면적과 족 관절 모멘트 암은 자기공명영상법(MRI)으로부터 얻어졌다. 건 장력은 관절 모멘트와 건 모멘트 암으로 계산되었다. 또한 스트레스는 횡단면적영역(CSA)을 힘으로 나눔으로써 얻어졌다. 스트레인은 건의 길이로 표준화된 치환으로부터 측정되었다. 결과: 냉각 후에 건 장력은, 비냉각 보다 냉각한 측이 유의하게 높았다. 스티프네스는 비냉각 조건 보다 냉각 조건하에서 높은 유의수준을 나타냈다. 최대의 스트레인과 스트레스는 냉각조건하에서 $7.4{\pm}0.7$와 $36.4{\pm}1.8$ MPa을 나타냈고, 비냉각 조건하가 $7.8{\pm}8.5$ 와 $31.8{\pm}1.1$ MPa (p<0.05)을 나타냈다. 결론: 이 연구의 결과는 피부표면 냉각으로 인해 인간의 근지구력이 건 스티프네스와 탄성률을 증가시키는 것을 시사하는 연구라 하겠다. 피부 표면 냉각으로 인한 근지구력의 개선이 근과 건에 직접적인 영향을 미침을 나타내주고 있다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2023

이 연구의 목적은 계단 내리기 시 성별과 중량차이가 하지역학에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 건강한 남성 10 명과 여성 10 명이 참여하였다. 계단 내리기 동작은 중량 변화(체중의 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%)에 따라 영상분석법과 지면반력 시스템을 이용해 분석하였다. 골반의 최대 합성속도에서 성별(남성>여성)과 중량변화(30%, 20%, 10%> 0%)에 따라 서로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 성별과 중량 간 상호작용이 나타났다(중량>성별). 계단 내리기 동안 성별의 주효과는 초기 접촉 단계에서 남성보다 여성이 더 감소된 다리길이를 보였다. 또한, 남성보다 여성에게서 더 굴곡된 엉덩, 무릎관절 각도와 발목관절 각도의 저측 굴곡형태가 나타났다. 운동역학 변인에서, 계단 내리기 시 성별의 주효과는 남성보다 여성이 더 증가된 좌우 지면반력과 다리강성을 보였다. 결론적으로 여성들이 계단 내리기 동안 엉덩 관절의 운동 범위와 함께 합성이동속도를 감소시켜 중량을 성공적으로 수용한다는 것을 발견하였다. 반면 남성들은 중량수용과 운동량을 제어하기 위해 좌우 및 수직지면반력, 그리고 다리강성을 더 증가시킨다.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess changes in blood glucose level, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in elderly women aged over 65 years with hypertension and either normal glycemic control, impaired fasting glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. We also wished to investigate the relationship between stages of diabetes and physical fitness. [Methods] A total of 24 elderly women with hypertension were assigned to a control group (CON; n=7), impaired fasting glucose group (IFG; n=9), and diabetes mellitus group (DM; n=8). In each group, blood glucose level, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), and blood pressure were measured at baseline as well as 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. Physical fitness factors such as hand grip strength, balance test, 4 m gait speed test, chair stand test, short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walking test were subsequently assessed. [Results] In all three groups, blood glucose levels were significantly increased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. In the DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly higher before and after a 75 g OGTT than in the CON group. In the CON group, PWV was significantly increased at 60 minutes after a 75 g OGTT; however, there were no changes in other groups after glucose ingestion. In the CON group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT compared to baseline. However, there was no change in blood pressure after ingestion in the DM group. The IFG group had greater grip strength than the CON group; however, there were no differences in other variables between the groups. [Conclusion] After a 75 g OGTT, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes maintain higher blood glucose levels compared to those with hypertension alone. Unlike elderly women with hypertension alone, those with hypertension and diabetes did not show changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure after a 75 g OGTT. Therefore, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes may not be able to control their blood vessels following a 75 g OGTT due to impaired vascular endothelial function. Moreover, there was no association between diabetes stage and physical fitness in elderly women with hypertension.