• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2312-2322
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• 2021

In recent studies, the creep rate of Zircaloy-4, one of the basic property parameters of the nuclear fuel code, has been commonly used with the axial creep model proposed by Rosinger et al. However, in order to calculate the circumferential deformation of the fuel cladding, there is a limitation that a difference occurs depending on the anisotropic coefficients used in deriving the circumferential creep equation by using the axial creep equation. Therefore, in this study, the existing axial creep law and the derived circumferential creep results were analyzed through a circumferential creep test by the internal pressurization method in the isothermal conditions. The circumferential creep deformation was measured through the optical image analysis method, and the results of the experiment were investigated through constructed IDECA (In-situ DEformation Calculation Algorithm based on creep) code. First, preliminary tests were performed in the isotropic β-phase. Subsequently in the anisotropic α-phase, the correlations obtained from a series of circumferential creep tests were compared with the axial creep equation, and optimized anisotropic coefficients were proposed based on the performed circumferential creep results. Finally, the IDECA prediction results using optimized anisotropic coefficients based on creep tests were validated through tube burst tests in transient conditions.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.3379-3397
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• 2021

In this study, a multi-physics modeling method was developed to analyze a nuclear fuel rod's thermo-mechanical behavior especially for high temperature anisotropic creep deformation during ballooning and burst occurring in Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA). Based on transient heat transfer and nonlinear mechanical analysis, the present work newly incorporated the nuclear fuel rod's special characteristics which include gap heat transfer, temperature and burnup dependent material properties, and especially for high temperature creep with material anisotropy. The proposed method was tested through various benchmark analyses and showed good agreements with analytical solutions. From the validation study with a cladding burst experiment which postulates the LOCA scenario, it was shown that the present development could predict the ballooning and burst behaviors accurately and showed the capability to predict anisotropic creep behavior during the LOCA. Moreover, in order to verify the anisotropic creep methodology proposed in this study, the comparison between modeling and experiment was made with isotropic material assumption. It was found that the present methodology with anisotropic creep could predict ballooning and burst more accurately and showed more realistic behavior of the cladding.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2006

The present study aims at characterizing and modeling the anisotropic creep behavior of coated textile membrane, a class of flexible textile composites that are used for moderate span enclosures (roofs and air-halls). The objective is to develop a creep model for predicting the lifetime of coated textile membrane. Uniaxial creep tests were conducted on three off-axis coupon specimens to obtain the directional creep compliance. A potential with three parameters is shown to be adequate for modeling the anisotropic creep behavior of coated textile membrane. Furthermore, a possibility of predicting the creep deformation of coated textile membrane in a multi-axial stress state is discussed using the three-parameter potential.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-14
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• 2000

Anisotropic consolidation, shear, a transportational component during or after deposition each may produce anisotropic fabrics, which result in the anisotropic properties of soils. Nevertheless, the isotropically consolidated compression triaxial tests are commonly used in practice to determine the strength of the anisotropically consolidated soils because of their practicality and simplicity. In this paper the effects of anisotropic consolidation on the strength properties of soils are discussed. For the sandy soils consolidated under a constant vertical consolidation pressure, the deformation modulus decreases with decreasing consolidation pressure ratio($\sigma$$\sub$3c/'/$\sigma$ sub 1c/'), but the liquefaction resistance increases. For the saturated cohesive soils, both the undrained shear strength and undrained creep strength decrese with decreasing the consolidation pressure ratio. When the in-situ strength properties of the anisotropically and normally consolidated soils are determined by the isotropically consolidated tests, the undrained shear strength and creep strength of saturated cohesive soils as well as the deformation modulus of sandy soils are measured to be higher than the rear in-situ values. This, therefore, could lead to a dangerous judgement in stability analysis

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.153-162
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• 1996

이방압밀이 과압밀점토의 비배수크리프파괴거동에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 등방 및 이방과압일시킨 점토시료에 대해서 비배수상태에서 크리프시험을 수행하였다. 연구결과 비배수 크리프파괴거동은 점토시료의 응력이력 즉 과압밀비와 압밀응력비$(\sigma_{3c}/\sigma_{le})$의 크기에 의해서 영향을 크게 받는다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 즉 점토의 크리프강도는 과압밀비와 압밀응력비가 클수록 증가하므로 정지토압계수가 1.0보다 작은 점토지반의 크리프파괴 가능성을 등방압밀크리프피 괴시험에 의해서 판단하는 것은 위험하다. 그리고 점토의 크리프강도는 과압밀비와 압밀응력비의 크기에 관계없이 Finn과 Shead(1973)의 제안식에 의한 상한항복강도로서 구할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2003

The pressure tubes made of cold-worked Zr-2.5Nb alloy are subjected to creep deformation during service period resulting in changes to their geometry such as longitudinal elongation, diameter increase and sagging. To evaluate integrity of them, information on the material creep property of the serviced tubes is essential. As one of the methods with which the creep property is directly measured from the serviced components, small punch(SP) creep testing has been considered as a substitute for the conventional uniaxial creep testing. In this study, applicability of the SP creep testing to Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube alloy was studied particularly by measuring the power law creep constants, A, n. The SP creep test has been successfully applied fur other high temperature materials which have isotropic behavior. Since the Zr-2.5Nb alloy has anisotropic property, applicability of the SP creep testing can be limited. Uniaxial creep tests and small punch creep tests were conducted with Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube alloy along with finite element analyses. Creep constants obtained by each test method are compared. It was argued that the SP creep test result gave results reflecting material properties of both directions. But the equations derived in the previous study for isotropic materials need to be modified. Discussions were made fur future research directions for application of the SP creep testing to Zr-2.5Nb tube alloy.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.204-223
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• 2010

본 연구는 이방성 재료인 Zr-2.5%Nb가 수소화물을 함유할 때, 고온 크리프 거동 특성을 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm의 수소화물을 장입한 Zr 합금을 이방성의 영향을 최소화하고 실제 하중 조건인 2축 응력을 구현하기 위해서 $300^{\circ}C$에서 SP 크리프 시험을 행하였다. 이 시험을 통해 SP 크리프 곡선을 얻었으며, 각각의 시험편의 경향을 비교하였다. 50, 100 ppm의 경우에는 수소화물에 의한 고온 크리프의 열화 거동을 확연히 구분할 수 있었다. 반면에 200 ppm의 경우에는 크리프의 열화가 발생하지 않았다. 이런 사실은 SP 크리프 상수와 응력지수의 비교에 의해서도 확인할 수 있었다. 50 ppm과 100 ppm의 경우에는 크리프 상수가 감소하고, 응력지수는 증가하는 것으로부터 Zr 합금의 열화를 확인할 수 있으나, 반면에 200 ppm의 경우에는 크리프 상수가 도리어 증가하고, 응력지수는 감소하였다. 이런 사실로부터 수소화물이 Zr 합금의 고온 크리프 거동의 특성을 좌우하는 매우 중요한 인자임을 확인하였다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2005

The anisotropy in creep behavior of two types of nonwoven fabrics (needle-punched and thermobonded spun laid) has been studied. It has been observed that the amount of time dependent extension depends on the direction, amount of loading and the structure of nonwoven the fabrics. The time dependent extension (creep) for the nonwoven fabric increases with the increase in amount of load. The higher initial extension and creep are observed for needle-punched nonwoven fabric as compared to thermobonded spun-laid nonwoven fabric. The creep behavior of needle-punched nonwoven shows a logarithmic relationship with time, but the thermobonded spun-laid nonwoven fabric does not show such logarithmic relationship. For a particular fabric, the creep is dependent on the fiber arrangement and is minimum in the direction in which the proportion of fiber is maximum and visa versa.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.818-823
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• 2005

Creep damage is one of the mosl important characteristics for the stability of high temperature structures such as huge energy converting facilities. Creep failure of Type 316LN stainless steel is highly correlated to generation and growth of the voids. In this paper, in order to investigate the correlation of creep rupture time and ultrasonic parameters (group velocity, angular velocity), creep-damaged Type 316LN specimens and measurements for the ultrasonic parameters were made. However, bi-directional measurements were applied along the load direction and the perpendicular direction to the load line by means of the contact type probe of which the central frequencies are 10MHz, 15MHz and 20MHz. Analyzing the angular velocities of the ultrasonic signals obtained from the load direction, it was confirmed that the angular velocities were declined as the creep time passed when 15MHz and 20MHz probes were used. Also, the group velocities were declined for all three frequencies as the creep time increased. Thus, positive feasibility for the creep damage evaluation by means of the angular and group velocities was confirmed. Moreover, result of analysis for the ultrasonic signal which was obtained from the perpendicular direction upon the angular and group velocities indicated little variation for both of the angular and group velocities. Therefore, the creep damage is likely to represent anisotropic itself.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 탄.소.점성 구성모델을 비교적 간단한 수학적 합성유도방식에 기초하여 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 비등방성 modified Cam-Clay model을 일반응력공간으로 확장시켰으며generalized viscous theory를 단순화하여 각각 소성 및 점성의 구성관계로 활용하였다. Damage 원리를 구성모델에 추가하였으며, 모든 식의 변형 및 개발은 모델정수의 수를 감소시키는 원칙에 입각하여 수행하였다. 개발된 구성모델을 활용하여 점성토의 크리프거동을 예측하였으며 이를 실험결과와 비교분석하였다. 예측된 결과는 크리프파괴의 경우를 포함한 실험결과와 비교적 양호하게 일치하는 결과를 보여주었다.