• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1993.07b
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• pp.1197-1199
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• 1993

The molecular electronic devices of organic materials are of current interest. Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) method is the most possible candidate for the development of the molecular electronic devices. One of the critical problems for applications of the LB films to the commercial products will be an electrical conductivity within a LB film. We studied the monolayer characteristics and electrical conductivity of the 1:1 mixture LB films of N-docosylquinolium-TCNQ and $TCNQ^0$. There were some differences in the $\pi-A$ isotherm and UV-visible absorption spectrum of N-docosylquinolium-TCNQ and 1:1 mixture. The small critical area of the $\pi-A$ isotherm for 1:1 mixture may result from the bilayer formation. We confirmed the incorporation of the $TCNQ^0$ with the N-docosylquinolium-TCNQ from the UV-visible absorption spectrum. But the electrical conductivity measured was $10^{-7}$ S/cm for the 1:1 mixture film layered at the surface pressure of 35 mN/m. We couldn't gain any electrical conductivity by mixing the $TCNQ^0$ into the N-docosylquinolium-TCNQ layer. We supposed that $TCNQ^0$ mixed in was not packed parallel to the TCNQ anion radical faces.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to verify the cytoprotective function, antioxidative effect and inflammation genes inhibitory effects of Lycium chinense Milie. Therefore the generation of superoxide anion radical ( $O_2\;^-$), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ $(PGE_2)$ was investigated in the renal epithelial cells of mouse. Effects of Lycium chinense Milie on the expression of inflammation-related proteins, $IKK-{\alpha}$. $p-IKK-\alpha\beta$, $p-I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2 and iNOS, were examined by western blotting. Methods : For this study, the fluorescent probes were used, namely dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123), 4.5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). Western blotting was performed using anti-$IKK-\alpha$, anti-phospho $IKK-\alpha\beta$, anti-phospho $I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, anti-$NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), anti-COX-2 and anti-iNOS, respectively. Results : Lyciutn chinense Milie reduced $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced cell death dose-dependently. It inhibited the generation of $O_2\;^-$, $ONOO^-$, NO and $PGE_2$ in the $H_{2}O_{2}$-treated renal epithelial cells of mouse in vitro. Lycium chinense Milie inhibited the expression of $IKK-\alpha$, $p-IKK-\alpha\beta,\;p-I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, COX-2 and iNOS genes by means of decreasing activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$. Conclusions : According to above results. Lycium chinense Milie recommended to be applied in treatment for the inflammatory process and inflammation-related diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.280-293
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• 2011

There is currently increased interest in the identification of antioxidant compounds that are pharmacologically potent and have low or no side effects. Plants produce significant amounts of antioxidants to prevent the oxidative stress caused by photons and oxygen, therefore they represent a potential source of new compounds with antioxidant activity. FARFARE FLOS has been frequently used on the respiratory system including bronchitis, phthisis. In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from FF was studied in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on Cu2+-induced human LDL oxidation. The FF extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation. And this study was designed to evaluate whether FFEA may ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammatory status through the antioxidative mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with FFEA significantly reduced LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the FF extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drug against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.42-57
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• 2002

본 연구는 널리 알려져 있는 항산화제들의 세포 수준에서의 anti-oxidative stress 효과 및 그 기작을 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 연구에 사용한 항산화제로는 지용성인 retinol, $\alpha$-tocopherol, propyl gallate(PG) 및 butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT)과 수용성인 ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-glucosyl rutin 및 green tea extract를 사용하였으며 이들 항산화제들의 시간별 세포 생존율을 NR assay 로 측정한 후 적정 농도에서 DCFH-DA(2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate) 를 이용하여 항산화제들의 anti-oxidative stress 억제 효과를 시간별로 측정하였다. 또한 이들 항산화제의 항산화 기작을 알아보기 위하여 NBT(Nitro-blue-tetrazolium) 및 DPPH(Diphenyl-picry-hydrazl)도 병행하여 실시하였다. Anti-oxidative stress 실험에서 지용성 항산화제들은 전반적으로 수용성 항산화제에 비하여 세포에 대한 독성이 상대적으로 강하여 retinol 의 경우에는 0.01%에서 oxidative stress 억제 효과를 관할할 수 있었으며 1 시간경과 후 측정시 53.1%의 억제 효과를 보여 주었다. PG 의 경우에는 0.1%에서 2 시간 경과 후 측정시 50%의 oxidative stress 억제 효과를 보여주었다. 수용성 항산화제인 green tea extract 및 $\alpha$-glucosyl rutin의 경우에는 1%에서 1시간 경과 후 측정시 각 각 51.6% 및 69.7%의 oxidative stress 억제 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 시료처리 후 자외선 조사시 oxidative stress 억제 효과의 경우 수용성 항산화제인 ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-glucosyl rutin 및 green tea extract 와 지용성 항산화제 중에서는 $\delta$-tocopherol 에서만 oxidative stress 억제 효과가 관찰되었으나 자외선을 조사 하지 않았을 때 보다 약 20%-40%까지 억제 효과가 감소되었다. 그리고 PG 및 retinol 의 경우에는 자외선 조사시 독성이 증가하여 oxidative stress 억제 효과를 측정할 수 없었다. NBT실험에서 $\alpha$-glucosyl rutin, $\alpha$-tocopherol 및 PG 1%에서 70%이상의 superoxide anion 생성 억제 효과를 보였으며 DPPH 실험에서는 ascorbic acid 와 PG 1%에서 98%의 hydroxyl radical 생성 억제 효과를 보여 주었다. 본 실험을 통하여 BHT 를 제외하고 전반적으로 세포 수준에서의 oxidative stress 에 대한 억제 효과를 확인해 볼 수 있었으며 특히 수용성 항산화제들에서 두드러진 효과를 보여 주었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2019

Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and in diabetes complications, such as nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic neuropathy, which is the most frequent complications of diabetes, affect sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. This study aimed to investigate whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against high glucose-induced toxicity. In the current study, we found that diabetic patients exhibited higher lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress than healthy subjects. 7,8-DHF exhibits superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. High glucose-induced toxicity severely damaged SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization; however, 7,8-DHF recovered mitochondrial polarization. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF effectively modulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) under high glucose, thus inhibiting the activation of caspase signaling pathways. These results indicate that 7,8-DHF has antioxidant effects and protects cells from apoptotic cell death induced by high glucose. Thus, 7,8-DHF may be developed into a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.201-206
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to examined the dermatoxicity of ferrous chloride (FeCl2) and the antioxidative effect of Stachys japonica Miq (SJ) extract on FeCl2-induced cytotoxicity. For this study, superoxide anion-radical (SAR)-scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like abilities with cell viability were done. FeCl2 showed a significant decrease of cell viability in dose-dependent manner, and it was mid-toxic. The caffeic acid showed a significant increase of cell viability against FeCl2-induced cytotoxicity. In the protective effect of SJ extract on FeCl2-induced cytotoxicity, it showed SAR-scavenging and SOD-like abilities with a significant increase of cell viability. From these results, the cytotoxicity of FeCl2 is correlated with oxidative stress, and SJ extract effectively protected the cytotoxicity of FeCl2 by antioxidative effect. Conclusively, the natural resources like SJ extract may be a useful fundamental materials for the development of an alternative antioxidant.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study compared Aralia continentalis Root and Angelica pubescens Root used in Korea and China respectively concerning their anti-oxidant effect Methods : We tested the anti-oxidant effect through in vitro experiment and in vivo experiment that induced oxidative stress using ethanol. Results : 1. DPPH scavenging activity was stronger in Aralia continentalis Root than in Angelica pubescens Root 2. Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity was similar between Aralia continentalis Root and Angelica pubescens Root 3. The linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition effect was stronger in Aralia continentalis Root than in Angelica pubescens Root. 4. The phenolic component was higher in Aralia continentalis Root than in Angelica pubescens Root. 5. Both Aralia continentalis Root and Angelica pubescens Root increased the concentration of GSH and decreased SOD activity in mice, in which oxidative stress was induced, and the effect was stronger in Aralia continentalis Root. 6. Aralia continentalis Root increased GSH peroxidase activity but Angelica pubescens Root did not have such an effect. 7. Neither Aralia continentalis Root nor Angelica pubescens Root had a significant effect on catalase, ADH and ALDH in mice, in which oxidative stress was induced. Conclusions : Aralia continentalis Root has a stronger anti-oxidant effect than Angelica pubescens Root. Thus, although Aralia continentalis Root is not an original plant recorded in botanical literature, it may be usable based on the data about its effects.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.330-335
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are summarized with two. The one is to remove of $COD_{Cr}$, color and turbidity with coagulation and ozonation in nonbiodegradable landfill leachate, the other is to compare of water qualities with pre-ozonation and post-ozonation. The results are summarized as follows ; 1) 90 minutes ozonation with $75mgO_3/min$($4.5gO_3/hr$) was conducted at pH 4,7, 10 to remove $COD_{Cr}$. Removal efficiencies were investigated with 48.2%, 52.6%, and 62.3% respectively. As increasing pH, $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiencies were increased, it was considered that hydroxyl radical($OH{\cdot}$) which strongly oxdize and nonselectively react with organic compounds, was rapidly produced by ozone self-decomposition at high pH. 2) Alum, ferric chloride and ferrous sulfate were used for coagulation as inorganic coagulant. Ferric chloride was investigated with optimal coagulant, and it removed $COD_{Cr}$ about 12.0% at pH5 and dosage of $2,000m{\ell}/{\ell}$. Cation(C-101P), anion(A-601P) and nonion(SC-050) were tested to remove organic pollutants in landfill leachate. Cation(C-101P) was investigated with the most effective organic coagulant, and removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ was 19.8% at pH5 and dosage of $100m{\ell}/{\ell}$. 3) Color and turbidity were removed up to 88.6%, 97.0% at pH10, when contacted 90 minutes with ozone, respectively. These removal efficiencies were much higher than those of $COD_{Cr}$ and $COD_{Mn}$. It was considered that ozone could oxdize the triggering materials of color and turbidity selectively and preferentially. 4) $COD_{Cr}$, color and turbidity were more effectively removed with pre-ozonation than post-ozonation about 8%, 3.5% and 1% respectively. These results were well corresponed with other's studies that pre-ozonation will increase the effect of coagulation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.452-460
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• 2016

This study was designed to develop a functional pharma-food using Salicornia europaea (SE). Tiny seeds from the mature SE were collected, and their biological activities were evaluated. The extraction yield of the seed in hot water was found to be 29.6% and the hot water extract (HWE) contained 25.7 mg/g total polyphenol (TP) and 11.5 mg/g total flavonoid (TF), which are similar to those contained in leaf and stem of SE. Among the subsequent organic solvent fractions, the ethylacetate (EA) fraction exhibited the highest content of TP (158.3 mg/g), TF (136.2 mg/g), and total sugar (228.3 mg/g). The EA fraction exhibited broad-range antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria, and the butanol fraction exhibited growth inhibitory effect against only Staphylococcus epidermidis. An antioxidation activity assay of the HWE and its fractions showed the EA fraction to have the highest radical scavenging activity with $RC_{50}$ values of 57.0, 29.0, and $28.9{\mu}g/ml$ against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, and nitrite, respectively. The $RC_{50}$ values of vitamin C against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, and nitrite were 10.7, 4.0, and $18.0{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, indicating that the EA fraction of SE has potent antioxidant compounds. In an anticoagulation assay, the EA fraction exhibited a 15-fold extended thrombin time at 5 mg/ml and activated partial thromboplastin time at 7 mg/ml, which are comparable to the activities of aspirin. The HWE and its fractions had no hemolysis activities against human RBCs at up to 1 mg/ml. These results suggest that the EA fraction from SE has a great potential as a new antibacterial and anticoagulation agent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.869-878
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• 2013

Eleven functional plant materials were identified via a literature search, and their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells were tested. Yields from hot water extracts of the materials were the highest (52.10%) in Lycii fructus, and the yields from Phellinus linteus were the lowest (5.7%). The yields of another were 14.50-42.47%. Total phenol and flavonoids contents were the highest in P. linteus. The $EC_{50}$ values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were lower than $100{\mu}g/ml$ for Salvia miltiorrhiza, whereas the values for P. linteus, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Paeonia lactiflora were $100-200{\mu}g/ml$. The $EC_{50}$ value for the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of all the extracts was higher than $300{\mu}g/ml$. P. linteus for the reducing power was shown the highest activity. $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity was the highest in the Morus alba extract. In an MTT assay, the cell viability of the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells was above 80% in extracts of $50{\mu}g/ml$ and above 77% in extracts of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in all the plant materials except Acanthopanax sessiliflorum. NO production in the RAW264.7 LPS-exposed cells showed a 12-fold increase compared to the control. The NO production level of all the extracts was $6.86-26.18{\mu}M$. Notably, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of S. baicalensis extract showed a remarkable decrease in NO production (72%) compared with the control. The potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of S.baicalensis, P. linteus, S. miltiorrhiza, M. alba, and P. lactiflora suggest that they are potential candidates as functional materials.