• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• no.spc9
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from five sampling sites on Jindo Island located in the southwestern end of the Korean Peninsula. A total of 47 species (average $14{\pm}3.16$ species per site, 40 species in lotic area, and 13 species in lentic area) belonging to 38 families, 14 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla were sampled. Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera were the major groups of benthic macroinvertebrates with relatively high species richness. Species diversity indices (H') and richness indices (RI) of upper streams were relatively higher than those of lower streams, which were affected by agricultural effluent from the paddy fields.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• no.spc9
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• pp.51-72
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• 2016

We surveyed the biodiversity of lepidopterous insects in Jindo Island using UV bucket trap in July 2016 to determine the relationship between surrounding environment and ecosystem in order to contribute to biodiversity conservation and management of coastal islands in Korea. Based on our survey results, a total of 262 lepidopterous insect species in 16 families were collected from Jindo Island. Members belonging to families Noctuidae and Geometridae made up approximately half of the total species (86 species [32.82%] in Noctuidae and 44 species [16.79] in Geometridae). There were 29 species (11.07%) belonging to Crambidae and 28 species (10.69%) belonging to Pyralidae. As a result of all collections based on previous literature and this study, a total of 730 species belonging to 34 families were collected from Jindo Island, including 33 protected species, 242 species (33.15%) belonging to Noctuidae (the most abundant), 124 species (16.99%) belonging to Geometridae, 79 species (10.82%) belonging to Crambidae, and 65 species (8.90%) belonging to Pyralidae. The most frequently collected species was Lamoria glaucalis in this syudy. Our results on the diversity of lepidopterous insects will provide basic information for future investigation on diverse changes in the ecosystem of Jindo Island, Korea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2017

We firstly described a box jellyfish, Carybdea brevipedalia collected from the southern coasts of Korea. It is morphologically characterized by gastric phacellae, a special digestive system of cubozoan jellyfish, and velarium, the thin muscle flap forming the opening of the subumbrellar cavity. The phacellae are linear-shaped, comprising numerous cirri branched from multiple roots. Each root also has multiple numbers of cirrus bundles. Basis of velarial cannels parts into two branches in each octant of velarium. Its geographic distributions were limited to Jeju-do and the middle-southern coasts where the organisms are seriously hazardous to bathers in summer. Numerous individuals and/or large-sized populations were observed specifically from beaches at Jeju-do, Namhae-do and a small fishing port of Namildae, while only a small amount of the individuals was observed in Gamak Bay, Jaran-Goseung Bay, and Geoje-do. We confirmed molecular identity of the Korean C. brevipedalia with comparison of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Until now, Carybdea brevipedalia is the only cubozoan species reported to be distributed in Korean waters.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2017

A new marine tardigrade species of the genus Orzeliscus belonging to the family Halechiniscidae is described from the sea coasts of Korea and Japan. This new species is most characterized in having slender, pole-shaped clava with uniform breadth along its whole length. Furthermore, it evidently differs from the congeners by the combination of characters of a hemispherical protrusion on cheek region of the head, a big and bulbous lateral projection between leg III and leg IV, and an elongate papillus terminating with a minute tube on leg IV. 'Orzeliscus cf. belopus' sensu McKirdy, Schmidt and McGinty-Bayly, 1976 from the Galapagos Islands quite resembles this new species in sharing the slender, pole-shaped clava. However, these two Pacific populations are distinguished to each other by body size and shapes of the protrusion on cheek region and the lateral projection between leg III and leg IV. Scanning electron microscope photographs and a key to species of the genus Orzeliscus are also provided herein.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.359-363
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• 1999

Urochordates, the most primitive group in phylum Chordata, are mostly sessile as adults although some are free living. Presently, the ancestral stock of urochordates as weir as chordates has been the focus of interest and two conflicting hypotheses have been presented. A free swimming ancestor is one and a sessile, filter feeding ancestor is the other. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships within the urochordates, 22 urochordates and five others as outgroups were used. And we applied neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony methods to partial 18S rDNA sequences. The inferred phylogeny in all analyses indicates that order Aplousobranchia of class Ascidiacea appears to be the most ancestral group among urochordates. But it is not clear for the low bootstrap value. The remaining two orders of ascidians, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia, form monophyletic groups respectively, which are well supported by high bootstrap values. These two orders are closer to classes of Thaliacea and Appendicularia than to the Aplousobranchia. While class Appendicularia is strongly supported by the monophyletic group, the phylogenetic position of class Thaliacea is unclear in this study.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 1997

Two new marine tardigrade species, Batillipes longispinosus n. sp. and B. orientalis n. sp. are described on the basis of the specimens collected from the intertidal or shallow sublittoral sands of South Korea. Both the present species are characteristic in the absence of any caudal appendage throughout their life span, and bearing the long clava or cephalic appendages with the long spinous process on the femur of legs IV. B. longispinosus n. sp. most resembles B. tuvernatis Pollock, but is easily distinguished from it by the flattened caudal region and prominently developed spine of legs IV. B. orientalis n. sp. is much related to B. roscoffensis Kristensen, in having the wing-formed lateral body prohection between legs III and legs IV, the papillae on the head region, and the smooth caudal region, but discernible from it in the general body shape and the relatively longer spine of legs IV.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 1995

The epicranial bony system of the six species of the family Cynoglossidae were examined based on the specimens collected from the coast of Korea from 1992 to 1994. They were divided into four groups by the morphological features of epicranial bony system as follow: 1. Paraplagusia japonica, 2. Cynoglossus joyneri and C. robustus, 3. C. semilaeuis and C. abbreuiatus, and 4. C. interruptus. Among them, P japonica showed the most derived character in the erisma and frontal elements of the epicranial bony system. And it was remarked that the number of proximal radials supporting erisma show much differences among the species. It is discussed that the morphological differences in the epicranial bony system are significant character for interspecific relationships in family Cynoglossidae.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.389-408
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• 1995

The complete larval development of Hemigrapsus penicillatus(De Haan, 1835) from hatching to first crab stage was obtained by culture in the laboratory. Under culture conditions with salinity 33.3% , temperature $25^{\circ}C$, and photophase 14/10 h light/dark, the megalopa and the first crab instar were attained in minimum of 18 and 29 days after hatching respectively. Five zoeal stages and a megalopal stage are described and illustrated in detail. Morphological characters of H. penicillatus larvae were compared with those of other members within the subfamily Varuninae. Morphological differences among H. penicillatus, H. sanguineus and H. sinensis in megalopal stage are tabulated.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 1996

The complete larval development of Philyra pisum De Hann, 1841 from hatching to the megalopal stage was obtained by culture in the laboratory. Two zoeal and one megalopal stages are described and illustrated . The frist zoea of the present species is very similar to those of other two Philyra species except for the reduced carapace spines. The first zoeae belonging to the subfamily Philyrinae can be divided into two groups based on the zoeal characteristics: the first group is composed of Arcania septemspinosa, A. undecimspinosa elongata, and Myra fugax, whereas the second group is composed of Philyra corallicola, P. syndactyla, and P. pisum.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

Creeping ctenophores, Coeloplana species, were collected by SCUBA divers throughout the year (November 2006 to June 2010) from the branches and polyp masses of encrusting dendronephthyas at a depth of 20-32m off Munseom Island (Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Korea). A single individual of a newly recorded species in Korea, Coeloplana bocki Komai, 1920, was collected together with C. anthostella from the same location on 16 August 2009. A large number of individuals of each species were subsequently collected from the host Dendronephthya aff. dendritica on 20 June 2010. C. bocki can be distinguished from C. anthostella Song and Hwang, 2010 and C. komaii Utinomi, 1963 by its unique blue and orange colored stripes, and/or the branching and anastomosing milky-white stripes encircling the aboral sense organ towards the margin. The detailed morphology and molecular sequence information (nuclear 18S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 1, and mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences) for C. bocki is provided, and C. bocki and C. anthostella are compared.