• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.272-280
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• 2016

Most scyphomedusae jellyfishes recorded in Korean waters are temperate and subtropical species. In the present study, two cold-water jellyfishes from Korean waters are first described. Scyphomedusae were collected from the coasts of Gangneung and Ulsan of the East Sea, and Boryeong, and the eastern area of the Yellow Sea from June 2006 to May 2015. Scyphomedusae collected in Ulsan and Gangneung were identified morphologically as Aurelia limbata Brandt, 1835. Their umbrella was 250-500 mm in width and 30-50 mm in height; the exumbrella was white and the subumbrella was dark brown in color. The vascular system was complex with anastomosed branches. Individuals of this species lived at about 6.6-9.9℃ and 30-50 m depth in Korean waters. Scyphomedusae collected from the center of the Yellow Sea and from Boryeong were identified as Parumbrosa polylobata Kishinouye, 1910. Their umbrella was disc-shaped, 80-200 mm in width and 20-40 mm in height. Its milky white gonads could be seen through the transparent exumbrella. The stomach cavity was round and flat with four interradial cavities connected by subgenital cavities, and the four oral arms were bifurcated and spear-head shaped. Individuals were found at about 6.4-10.0℃ and 40-90 m depth in Korean waters. The identities of both species were confirmed by molecular analysis using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2002

We compared the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of Korean and European cobitids to provide independent evidence for assessment of systematic and biogeographic relationships of species in the genus Cobitis. The data suggested monophyly of the genus Cobitis and the inclusion of Korean Cobitis species within the group having one lamina circularis, a primitive condition. Also, all the phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor joining methods showed a monophyletic relationship among Cobitis. The basal position of the Caspian C. cf. sibirica reported here reflects the eastern Asiatic origin cf. the European Cobitis and establishes C. cf. sibirica as an independent lineage. The Korean C. pacifica diverged next to C. cf. sibirica in basal group from the genus Cobitis. This result is in agreement with the hypothesized Asiatic origin of some European freshwater fish lineages. The phylogenetic relationships in this study showed a close affinity between C. zanadreai and C. sinensis. Two new species, C. tetralineata and C. pacifica in Korea also are closely related to monophyletic group clustering the type species of the Acanestrinia subgenus (C. elongata) with all the endemic Italian species (C. bilineata and C. zanandreai). This may suggest that the affinity between the Korean and Danubian-Italian imply genetic convergence or genetic plesiomorphic state between allopatric species that are separated for the Miocene. The mtDNA-based phylogeny for the species of the genus Cobitis from Kores and Europe permits phylogenetic assessment of the morphological transitions of Iamina circularis.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

옴부채게를 제 1 조에아 유생에서 제 1 어린 게시기까지, 실험실내 $25^{\circ}C$에서 발생시키고 제 1기와 2기 조에아 유생에 대해 상세히 기재 및 도시하였다. 본 연구에서 옴부채게의 제 1조에아 유생은 갑각, 제 1촉각 제 1악지의 저절, 제 1복부절에 강모들이 존재함으로 Terada (1987)의 연구와 약간의 차이를 보였다. 옴부채게의 조에아 유생은 제 1촉각 외지가 한 개의 강모이거나 혹은 흔적적인 상태에서 한 개의 강모를 가지고 있어 다른 부채게과 조에아 유생들과 분명하게 식별되었다. 그리고 한국근해의 부채게과 종에 대한 조에아 유생검색표가 제공되었다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-56
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• 1992

한국 담수산 윤충류의 분류학적 연구를 위하여 1990년 3月부터 1992년 2월까지 전국 일대에 산재해 있는 댐, 호수, 저수지, 연못, 논, 웅덩이 등을 대상으로 총 205개 지점에서 채집을 실시하여 조사한바, Brachionidae과의 Brachionus속에 9아종 2변종 6형이, 그리고 Platyas속에는 1종이 밝혀졌는데, 그중 Brachionus속의 1아종 4형 : Brachionus urceolaris bennini, B. angularis f. bidens, B. quadridentatus f. rhenanus, B. forficuIa f. minor, B. forficula f. angularis가 한국 미기록으로 판명되어 기재와 함께 도판을 작성하였고, 본 연구에서 확인된 Brachionus와 Platyas속내의 종들에 대해서는 물론, 연차적인 발표를 목적으로 한국산 윤형동물에 대한 전체척언 검색표를 만들었다. 따라서 지금까지 기록된 한국산 윤충류는 총 2강 4목 14과 40속 134종, 15아종, 9변종, 9형이 된다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.359-377
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• 1995

전국에서 채집된 검정망둑과 민물검정망둑의 지리적 변이를 조사한 결과 두 종은 반문형태상 뚜렷한 차이가 있었고 유전자 분석결과에서도 두 종은 3개의 유전적 표식인자 (Me-1, Gp-4, Aco)를 가지는 별개의 분류군으로 확인되었다. 그러나 유전적 근연치는 S=0.813 , 유전적 차이치는 D=0.192로 종 수준 이하의 유전적 분화를 보였으며두 종의 동서하천에서 미세분포 상황 및 생식적 격리 수준을 조사한 결과, 두 종은 서식처 분리가 ENfut하여 검정망둑은 주로 염수역에, 민물검정망둑은 주로 담수역에 분포하며 이들 사이에 유\ulcorner 교환이 없는 것으로 확인되었으나 서식처 분리가 깨진 여천 방죽천 집단의 경우, 두 종간에는 유전자 교환이 일어나며 F2 이상의 잡종개체를 포함하여 높은 비율(25.6%) 의 자연잡종이 발생되는 것으로 보다 두종은 교배전 격리기작 (prmatign isolating mechanism) 이 불완전한 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 F-statistics 분석결과 $F_{IS}$(inbredding coefficient) 값은 두 종간에 자유교배가 일어나지 않음을 보여 검정망둑과 민물검정망둑은 현재 아종에서 종으로 분화중에 있는 반종(semispecies)으로 추정되며 따라서 학명은 T.obscurus obscurus(검정망둑)와 T.obscurus brevispinis (민물검정망둑)을 사용하는 것이 타당하다고 사료된다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2011

Three morphospecies of the genus Uronychia, i.e. U. setigera Calkins, 1902, U. binucleata Young, 1922, and U. multicirrus Song, 1997, were collected from the coastal waters of Gumjin-ri on the East Sea and the public waterfront of Incheon on the Yellow Sea in Korea, respectively. These species are described based on live observation, protargol impregnation, silver nitrate impregnation, and their morphometrics. Diagnostic keys for these species are also provided. In addition, their small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were compared with previously known sequences of Uronychia species. Diagnostics of three Uronychia species are as follows: U. setigera: $50-80\;{\mu}m$ long in vivo, oval-shaped, 2 macronuclear nodules (Ma), 1 spur on the left margin, 11 adoral membranelles (AM) 1, 4 AM2, 1 buccal cirrus (BC), 4 frontal cirri (FC), 3 left marginal cirri (LMC), 2 ventral cirri (VC), 5 transverse cirri (TC), 3 caudal cirri (CC), 6 dorsal kineties (DK), and approximately 23 cilia in the leftmost kinety. U. binucleata: $70-110\;{\mu}m$ long in vivo, oval to slightly rectangular shaped, 2 Ma, 1 micronucleus (Mi), 2 spurs on the posterior region, 11 AM1, 4 AM2, 1 BC, 4 FC, 3 LMC, 2 VC, 5 TC, 3 CC, 6 DK, and approximately 37 cilia in the leftmost kinety. U. multicirrus: $140-200\;{\mu}m$ long in vivo, oval to slightly rectangular shaped, ca. 7 Ma, 1 Mi, 11 AM1, 4 AM2, 1 BC, 4 FC, 3 LMC, approximately 8 VC, 5 TC, 3 CC, and 6 DK. This study presents the first record of this genus in Korea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2011

Thais Roding, 1798, commonly known as rock-shell, is among the most frequently found gastropod genera worldwide on intertidal rocky shores including those of Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. This group contains important species in many marine environmental studies but species-level taxonomy of the group is quite complicated due to the morphological variations in shell characters. This study examined the genetic variations and relationships among three Korean Thais species based on the partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 gene fragments. Phylogenetic trees from different analytic methods (maximum parsimony, neighbor-joining, and maximum likelihood) showed that T. bronni and T. luteostoma are closely related, indicating the most recent common ancestry. The low sequence divergence found between T. luteostoma and T. bronni, ranging from 1.53% to 3.19%, also corroborates this idea. Further molecular survey using different molecular marker is required to fully understand a detailed picture of the origin for their low level of interspecific sequence divergence. Sequence comparisons among conspecific individuals revealed extensive sequence variations within the three species with maximum values of 2.43% in T. clavigera and 1.37% in both T. bronni and T. luteostoma. In addition, there is an unexpectedly high level of mitochondrial genotypic diversity within each of the three Korean Thais species. The high genetic diversity revealed in Korean Thais species is likely to reflect genetic diversity introduced from potential source populations with diverse geographic origins, such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, and a variety of different coastal regions in South China and Japan. Additional sequence analysis with comprehensive taxon sampling from unstudied potential source populations will be also needed to address the origin and key factors for the high level of genetic diversity discovered within the three Korean Thais species studied.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.279-290
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• 2012

Plecoglossus altivelis (ayu) is an amphidromous fish widely distributed in Northeastern Asia from the East China Sea to the northern Japanese coastal waters, encompassing the Korean Peninsula within its range. The shore lines of northeastern region in Asia have severely fluctuated following glaciations in the Quaternary. In the present study, we investigate the population genetic structure and historical demographic change of P. altivelis at a population level in East Asia. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on 244 mitochondrial control region DNA sequences clearly showed that as the sampling scope extended to a larger geographic area, genetic differentiation began to become significant, particularly among Northeastern populations. A series of hierarchical AMOVA could detect the genetic relationship of three closely located islands between Korea and Japan that might have been tightly connected by the regional Tsushima current. Neutrality and mismatch distribution analyses revealed a strong signature of a recent population expansion of P. altivelis in East Asia, estimated at 126 to 391 thousand years ago during the late Pleistocene. Therefore it suggests that the present population of P. altivelis traces back to its approximate demographic change long before the last glacial maximum. This contrasts our a priori expectation that the most recent glacial event might have the most crucial effect on the present day demography of marine organisms through bottleneck and subsequent increase of effective population size in this region.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• nspc8호
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• pp.1-176
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• 2010

Siphonostomatoid copepods associated with marine invertebrates are described from tropical waters of the West Indies and Madagascar. They belong to the families Asterocheridae (7 new genera and 39 new species), Dinopontiidae (one new species), and Nanaspididae (one new species). New taxa of the Asterocheridae are 14 species of Asterocheres (Asterocheres unioviger n. sp., A. trisetatus n. sp., A. bahamensis n. sp., A. tricuspis n. sp., A. plumosus n. sp., A. peniculatus n. sp., A. oricurvus n. sp., A. planus n. sp., A. sensilis n. sp., A. indivisus n. sp., A. nudicoxus n. sp., A. tenuipes n. sp., A. galeatus n. sp., and A. fastigatus n. sp.); 3 species of Hetairosynella n. gen. (Hetairosynella bifurcata n. sp.; H. angulata n. sp.; H. aculeata n. sp.); 15 species of Asteropontius (Asteropontius capillatus n. sp., A. membranulatus n. sp., A. plumatus n. sp., A. parvipes n. sp., A. humesi n. sp., A. angulatus n. sp., A. latioriger n. sp., A. magnisetiger n. sp., A. pinnatus n. sp., A. trifilis n. sp., A. orcafer n. sp., A. bilinguis n. sp., A. dentatus n. sp., A. minutisetiger n. sp., and A. bispinifer n. sp.); Collocherides minutus n. sp.; Cyclocheres sensilis n. gen. n. sp.; Stenomyzon edentatum n. gen. n. sp.; Cephalocheres flagellatus n. gen. n. sp.; Humesimyzon pusillum n. gen. n. sp.; Thermocheres validus n. gen. n. sp.; and Gascardama longisiphonata n. gen. n. sp. New taxa of the remaining two families are Stenopontius spinulatus n. sp. in the Dinopontiidae and Stephopontius ahni n. sp. in the Nanaspididae. Asterocheres crinoidicola Humes, Asteropontius genodon Stock, and Asteropontius ungellatus Stock are redescribed. Asteropontius gonioporae Kim is reported as a new record from Madagascar. A key to species of Asteropontius is provided.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 1990

한국산 박새속(Parus) 6종 및 아종 11개 집단 159개체를 재료로 전기영동을 실시, 이들의 계통분류 및 종분화를 조사하였다. 박새(P. major) 3아종의 평균 유전적 변이정도는 일반적인 조류의 유전적 변이정도와 대체로 유사하였으나 나머지 좋은 변이정도가 낮았다. 박새 3아종의 집단 간 및 아종 간 유전적 근연치는 공히 S=0.95 이상으로 높았으며 이들은 집단간 근연치와 아종 간 근연치가 유사하였다. 종간에는 박새(P. major)와 곤줄박이(P. varius varius)의 유전적 근연치가 S=0.80으로 제일 높았고 쇠박새(P. palustrius hellmayri)와 진박새(P. ater amurensis)가 S=0.67로 제일 낮았다. 4종 평균 유전적 근연치는 S=0.72로 일반적인 조류의 근연치와 유사하였다. 이들의 분화연대를 추정한 결과 쇠박새는 약 180만년 전에 박새속 조류의 공통조상에서 분화되었다고 추정되며 그후 진박새는 약 160만년전, 곤줄박이는 약 100만년 전에 각각 분화되었고 박새 3아종은 약 10만년 전후에 분화되었을 것으로 추정된다.