• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.287-295
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• 1998

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MGMT gene encodes a O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase that protects cells from mutation or death by DNA alkylating agents. Using an in vitro transcription system, we analyzed its promoter region to find regulatory elements for transcription initiation. DNase I footprinting and a transcription assay showed that a functional TATA box, 5'-TGATATAGCA-3', is located in the region spanning from -25 to -34. We also found one upstream repressing sequence (URS), -333 to -213, by promoter deletion and competition analysis. Gel mobility shift assays and Southwestern blot analysis using URS region indicate specific complex formations. These results indicate that several cis-acting and trans-acting elements might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the S. cerevisiae MGMT gene.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1042-1055
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• 2020

Objective: The ecosystem of an animal farm is composed of various elements, such as animals, farmers, plants, feed, soil, and microorganisms. A domesticated animal's health is largely connected with the reservoir of bacteria and viruses in animal farms. Although a few studies have focused on exploring the gut microbiome of animals, communities of microbiota and viruses in feedlots have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: Here, we collected feces and dust samples (4 groups: cattle feces, C_F; horse feces, H_F; cattle dust, C_D; and horse dust, H_D) from cattle and horse farms sharing the same housing and investigated their microbiome/virome communities by Illumina sequencing. Results: Dust groups (C_D and H_D) showed higher microbial diversity than feces groups (C_F and H_F) regardless of animal species. From the microbial community analysis, all the samples from the four groups have major phyla such as Proteobacteria (min 37.1% to max 42.8%), Firmicutes (19.1% to 24.9%), Bacteroidetes (10.6% to 22.1%), and Actinobacteria (6.1% to 20.5%). The abundance of Streptococcus, which commonly recognized as equine pathogens, was significantly higher in the horse group (H_D and H_F). Over 99% among the classified virome reads were classified as Caudovirales, a group of tailed bacteriophages, in all four groups. Foot-and-mouth disease virus and equine adenovirus, which cause deadly diseases in cattle and horse, respectively, were not detected. Conclusion: Our results will provide baseline information to understand different gut and environmental microbial ecology between two livestock species.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

A large data set of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) ESTs was analyzed to obtain differential gene expression results for the following three libraries: intramuscular fat, longissimus dorsi muscle and liver. To better understand the gene expression profiles, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via digital gene expression analysis. Hierarchical clustering of genes was performed according to their relative abundance within the six separate groups (Hanwoo fat versus non-Hanwoo fat, Hanwoo muscle versus non-Hanwoo muscle and Hanwoo liver versus non-Hanwoo liver), producing detailed patterns of gene expression. We determined the quantitative traits associated with the highly expressed genes. We also provide the first list of putative regulatory elements associated with differential tissue expression in Hanwoo cattle. In addition, we conducted evolutionary analysis that suggests a subset of genes accelerated in the bovine lineage are strongly correlated with their expression in Hanwoo muscle.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.959-964
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• 2009

Production of the antioxidant substances by Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD was investigated using shake-flask fermentation. The one-factor-at-a-time method was first employed to determine the key ingredients for optimal medium composition, then further investigation of the medium composition was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays. After screening various elements, fructose, tryptone, and $MgSO_4\;7H_2O$ were chosen as the main factors for study in the statistical experimental design. Central composite design (CCD) was then used to determine the optimal concentrations of these 3 components. Under the proposed optimized medium containing 2.8% fructose, 1.34% tryptone, 0.015% $MgSO_4\;7H_2O$), 0.5% NaCl, and 0.25% $K_2HPO_4$, the model predicted an antioxidant activity of 80.5% ($R^2=0.9421$. The actual experimental results were in agreement with the prediction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.617-622
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• 1992

Four rumen-fistulated swamp buffaloes steers were used in a change-over experiment. This experiment was designed to provide a comparison of the effect of urea-ammonia treatment of rice straw with untreated rice straw. Nitrogen, mineral and trace elements were supplied at adequate levels to both diets in order to overcome deficiencies which may have otherwise confounded a direct comparison. There was a 46% increase in the intake of digestible organic matter (OM) with the urea-ammonia treated diet. This was contributed by a 17% increase in the digestibility of OM and a 25% increase in the voluntary intake of OM. Of the cell wall fraction, the digestibility of hemicellulose increased by the greatest amount (26%). There was an increased rate of passage of particulate matter out of the rumen for the treated straw, along with the increased rate of OM fermentation resulted in a 9% decrease in the amount of digesta dry matter (DM) contained in the rumen. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) pool in the rumen was 24% higher for the treated diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.263-265
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• 1995

Blood plasma minerals and their effects towards the fertility in 136 cows randomly selected from 26 dairy farms in central Thailand were studied. An average of 8.60 mg% Ca, 5.97 mg% P, 2.45 mg% Mg, $85.9{\mu}g%$ Cu, and $160.9{\mu}g%$ Zn in plasma was observed. Compared to the critical deficient values, 24.3, 10.3, 11.8, 28.7 and 0.0% of the surveyed cows obtained the respective elements in plasma below the standard levels. No significant difference (p >.05) in plasma concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and Zn for the low fertile (conception rate > 3) and fertile (conception rate < 3) cows was found. However, plasma Cu of the low fertile cows (averaged $77.2{\mu}g%$) was lower (p <.01) than that of the fertile ones (averaged $91.12{\mu}g%$). Additionally, it is observed that 47.1% of the cows with the low fertility problem obtained plasma Cu below the 65.0 pg% critical deficient value.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.5
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• 2020

Finding publications that propose alternative methods to animal experiments is an important but time-consuming task since researchers need to perform various queries to literature databases and screen many articles to assess two important aspects: the relevance of the article to the research question, and whether the article's proposed approach qualifies to being an alternative method. We are currently developing a Web application to support finding alternative methods to animal experiments. The current (under development) version of the application utilizes external tools and resources for document processing, and relies on the PubAnnotation ecosystem for annotation querying, annotation storage, dictionary-based tagging of cell lines, and annotation visualization. Currently, our two PubAnnotation repositories for discourse elements contain annotations for more than 110k PubMed documents. Further, we created an annotator for cell lines that contain more than 196k terms from Cellosaurus. Finally, we are experimenting with TextAE for annotation visualization and for user feedback.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-62
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• 1982

This paper dealt with histopathological observations of the nephroblastoma in the pregnant pig died on 8 days before paturation day. The results summarized as follows: Authors considered that in necropsy finding the pregnant pig died of circulative and respiratory disturbance by compression of fetus and renal tumor weighing about 12Kg. In microscopical findings of the renal tumor it was composed of well differentiated tumor cells and connective tissue elements. As differentiation of the neoplastic epithelial cells progressed, tubular and cystic structures, and papillary structures resembled to glomeruli appeared. This tumor was regarded as nephrohlastoma.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

In Korea, livestock has grown into the most value-added business in the agricultural and forest industry. But due to the recent outbreak of deadly infectious diseases such as foot-and-mount disease and avian influenza (AI), the demand for IT-enabled cutting-edge management system is getting stronger. As for humans, pilot projects and researches concerning U-healthcare have been carried out since early 2000. So this study explored the current progress of U-healthcare introduction, and suggested the strategies to develop technologies of collecting, processing, and utilizing information; to apply elements for a service model development and prioritization; to provide policy and institutional support. Therefore it is expected to vitalize the livestock U-healthcare in the future through continuous study based on these results.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 1981

The diets of Gwangju and Yeosu city residents, nutrition survey was carried out both 1979 and 1980 year. 1. Average intake of nutritional elements for an adult per day was 654.88 gr. 2. Average Calorie distribution of the nutritional elements per adult per day was 17.85% for protein, 79.35% for carbohydrate, and 2.81% for Fat in Gwangju; 22.22% for protein, 73.88% for carbohydrate and 3.91% for Fat in Yeosu. 3. The ratio of the animal protein to total protein consumed was 75.09% in average. The amount of ingested protein, animal protein and plant protein were 130.05gr., 97.65gr. and 32.39gr. respectively. 4. In aspect of Calorie, take-in calorie was 2749.38 cal. which was lower than the RDA (3000 cal.). 5. In aspect of the minerals(Fe, Ca), the intake of Ca was 608.47mg. in Gwangju, but 491.89mg. in Yeosu. The intake of Fe in Gwangju and Yeosu were 13.21mg. and 10.22mg. respectively. The RDA for Fe, Ca were 600mg. and 10mg. respectively. 6. The amount of intaked thiamine and riboflavin were 1.48mg. and 1.01mg. respectively. The RDA of thiamine and riboflavin were 1.5mg. and 1.8mg. respectively.