• 산경연구논집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2014

Purpose - The study aimed to evaluate the market opportunities and constraints confronting resource-poor pig farmers in South Africa. Research design, data, and methodology - Information was collected from 292 households in three municipalities through interviews with key informants. The data collected included socio-economic characteristics, major market channels, prices for different pig classes, average weight of the pigs on sale, number of pigs sold annually, and preferred meat quality attributes. Results - In Ngqushwa, 96% of respondents sold pigs as compared to Elundini (81%) and Ntabankulu (65%). Less resource-poor households and those with market-oriented production had large herdsizes (P < 0.05) when compared to more resource-poor farmers. The probability of selling pigs was high for the backyard production system and educated farmers. For all farmers, opportunities included high pork demand, good prices, employment creation, and a niche market for organically produced indigenous pork. Constraints include disease, feed shortages for large herds, distances to formal markets, lack of training, and drugs. Conclusions - Constraints outnumbered opportunities for the resource-poor pig farmers.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.389-396
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the opinions of various related-industries on ban of antibiotics growth promoters (AGPs) in commercial mixed feed. The answers on a total of 21 questions were summarized by response number and percentage. 93% of those surveyed were in agreement of a ban of dietary AGPs. The agreement reasons were the livestock safety (61.5%), the reduction of antibiotic use (23.1%), and decrease of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (11.5%). The negative effects expected by the ban of AGPs were poor growth performance (44.2%), elevated disease emergence (31.4%), increasing the feed cost (18.6%), and quality degradation of livestock (5.8%). As the efficient plans for decline of AGPs use, the feeding environment improvement was the highest with 43%, and farmer training and the consolidation inspection of residual substance on antibiotics in livestock product was 27.9% and 22.1%, respectively. 46.5% of respondent are considering the modification of feed spec and 39.5% of those surveyed have staged a modified feed spec. In conclusion, livestock related-industries approve a ban of AGPs, and they assert that the policy support, improvement of management and environment in the farm, providing technology from related-industries are multiply essential for a stable settlement of a ban policy of AGPs.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2024

효과적인 동물 생태계 분석을 위해서는 동물 서식 현황을 자동으로 파악할 수 있는 동물 관제 기술이 중요하다. 특히 울음소리로 종을 판별하는 동물 소리 분류 기술은 영상을 통한 판별이 어려운 환경에서 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 기존 연구들은 단일 딥러닝 모델을 사용하여 동물 소리를 분류하였으나, 야외 환경에서 수집된 동물 소리는 많은 배경 잡음을 포함하여 단일 모델의 판별력을 악화시키며, 종에 따른 데이터 불균형으로 인해 모델의 편향된 학습을 야기한다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 클래스의 데이터 수를 고려하여 페널티를 부여하는 Focal Loss를 사용한 여러 분류 모델의 예측결과를 앙상블을 통해 결합하여 잡음이 많은 동물 소리를 효과적으로 분류할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 공개 데이터 셋을 사용한 실험에서, 제안된 기법은 단일 모델의 평균 성능에 비해 Recall 기준으로 최대 22.6%의 성능 개선을 달성하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.15.1-15.10
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• 2014

Background: Morphologically classifying embryos is important for numerous laboratory techniques, which range from basic methods to methods for assisted reproduction. However, the standard method currently used for classification is subjective and depends on an embryologist's prior training. Thus, our work was aimed at developing software to classify morphological quality for blastocysts based on digital images. Methods: The developed methodology is suitable for the assistance of the embryologist on the task of analyzing blastocysts. The software uses artificial neural network techniques as a machine learning technique. These networks analyze both visual variables extracted from an image and biological features for an embryo. Results: After the training process the final accuracy of the system using this method was 95%. To aid the end-users in operating this system, we developed a graphical user interface that can be used to produce a quality assessment based on a previously trained artificial neural network. Conclusions: This process has a high potential for applicability because it can be adapted to additional species with greater economic appeal (human beings and cattle). Based on an objective assessment (without personal bias from the embryologist) and with high reproducibility between samples or different clinics and laboratories, this method will facilitate such classification in the future as an alternative practice for assessing embryo morphologies.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

소동물의 슬개골 수술은 인간의 뼈보다 약하여 수술의 난이도가 어렵기 때문에, 소 동물의 슬개골 탈구 치료 수술 과정의 학습은 수의사에게 매우 중요하다. 소 동물의 슬개골 수술 훈련은 사체를 이용한 훈련을 하고 있으나 소 동물의 사체가 부족하기 때문에 시청각 자료나 수술 참관으로 수술을 학습하고 있어 수의학과 학생 및 전문 수의사들에게 충분한 훈련 환경이 제공되지 못하는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 소동물의 슬개골 수술을 위한 햅틱 시뮬레이터를 제안한다. 제안한 시뮬레이터는 슬개골 드릴링 수술에 적용시켰으며 소동물의 드릴링에 대한 Force Feedback을 모델링하고 햅틱 인터페이스를 제공하고, 사용자가 몰입하여 수술 경험을 할 수 있는 워크 벤치를 제공하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 슬개골 햅틱 시뮬레이터가 제공하는 드릴링 과정에서 햅틱 피드백에 대한 사용자 평가 결과 유의미한 결과를 얻을수 있었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The Kenyan aquaculture sector is broadly categorized into freshwater aquaculture and mariculture. Whereas freshwater aquaculture has recorded significant progress over the last decade, the mariculture sector has yet to be fully exploited. The Kenyan aquaculture industry has seen slow growth for decades until recently, when the government-funded Economic Stimulus Program increased fish farming nationwide. Thus far, the program has facilitated the alleviation of poverty, spurred regional development, and led to increased commercial thinking among Kenyan fish farmers. Indeed, national aquaculture production grew from 1,000 MT/y in 2000 (equivalent to 1% of national fish production) to 12,000 MT/y, representing 7% of the national harvest, in 2010. The production is projected to hit 20,000 MT/y, representing 10% of total production and valued at USD 22.5 million over the next 5 years. The dominant aquaculture systems in Kenya include earthen and lined ponds, dams, and tanks distributed across the country. The most commonly farmed fish species are Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, which accounts for about 75% of production, followed by African catfish Clarias gariepinus, which contributes about 21% of aquaculture production. Other species include common carp Cyprinus carpio, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, koi carp Cyprinus carpio carpio, and goldfish Carassius auratus. Recently, Kenyan researchers have begun culturing native fish species such as Labeo victorianus and Labeo cylindricus at the National Aquaculture Research Development and Training Centre in Sagana. Apart from limited knowledge of modern aquaculture technology, the Kenyan aquaculture sector still suffers from an inadequate supply of certified quality seed fish and feed, incomprehensive aquaculture policy, and low funding for research. Glaring opportunities in the Kenyan aquaculture industry include the production of live fish food, e.g., Artemia, daphnia and rotifers, marine fish and shellfish larviculture; seaweed farming; cage culture; integrated fish farming; culture of indigenous fish species; and investment in the fish feed industry.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 동물소리 인식시스템을 위하여 최대 빈도모델 탐색 알고리즘을 고안하고 이를 이용한 소리모델을 생성하는 방법을 제안하였다. 소리모델 생성 방법은 동물종의 소리 데이터로부터 학습과정, 비터비 탐색과정 및 최대 빈도모델 탐색과정을 반복하면서 HMM(Hidden Makcov Model)모델의 구조(상태의 수와 GMM의 수)를 탐색하여 최적의 인식률을 갖는 모델집합이 생성하는 방법이다. 최대 빈도모델 탐색 알고리즘은 입력 소리 데이터를 비터비(Viterbi) 알고리즘으로 탐색하여 모델리스트를 생성하고 이 리스트 중에서 최대 빈도수의 모델을 탐색하여 최종 인식결과로 결정하는 방법이다. 알고리즘에서 소리특징으로 MFCC(Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient), 모델형식으로 HMM을 이용하고 C# 프로그래밍언어로 구현 하였다. 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 27종의 동물소리를 선정하고 실험을 하였으며 27개의 HMM 모델집합이 97.29 퍼센트의 인식률로 생성됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.396-399
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• 2017

This is a case report of a northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), admitted to the wildlife rescue center with right coracoid and scapular fracture which received conservative treatment and was soft-released successfully. At the admission, the goshawk had callus formed on the fractured bones, scars on eyebrows and severely damaged tail feathers with inability to fly. Cage rest was indicated to prevent further occurrence of fracture and to promote reunion of the fracture surface. The bird went through a rehabilitation process with appropriate physical training in flying cage to recover its fitness and flying ability. Complete molting of flight feathers with damaged rectrices was achieved during the rehabilitation period and its flight ability was recovered favorably. It was released into a proper habitat for northern goshawks, but the bird was found near the aviary where its last phase of rehabilitation was performed. A soft-release program was applied and finally the bird returned to near the first rescue location 235 km away from the release site.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to elucidate the basis for the difference in sperm production of broiler breeders. Nine sexually mature Hubbard broiler breeder males, 35 weeks of age, were trained for two weeks for semen collection on alternate days by abdominal massage technique. Following the training, the breeder males were collected daily for five successive days. The males were then classified as low or high sperm producers. The mean body weights of individual males were also recorded on the basis of body weight at the start and end of the experiment. Immediately after last collection the males were slaughtered and testes biometry was determined. Daily sperm output of individual males varied from $0.21{\times}10^9\;to\;2.64{\times}10^9$ sperm. The daily sperm production of low sperm producer males was lower ($0.47{\pm}0.13\;vs.\;2.06{\pm}0.20{\times}10^9$; P<0.05) than high sperm producer males. Testes weight of low sperm producer males was lower ($6.32{\pm}1.6\;vs.\;20.33{\pm}4.76\;gm$; P<0.05) than high sperm producer males. Moreover the testis weight of high sperm producer males was 3.22 times higher than low sperm producer males. The average body weight of high sperm producer males was higher ($4,389{\pm}116.3\;vs.\;3,960{\pm}131.77\;gm$; P>0.05) than low sperm producer males. The correlation coefficients indicate significantly positive correlation of body weight (P<0.05) and testes weight (P<0.01) on semen volume, sperm concentration and daily sperm production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.614-620
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• 1997

Pedigree data were used to predict the performance of 1,166 imported Americas Brahman breeder cattle, composed of 104 bulls and 1,062 heifers with an average age of 24.4 months (range of 17 to 40 months). A total of 13 full sib, 10 maternal half sib, and 228 paternal half sib groups were identified, each with average group size of 2.08, 2.00, and 4.49, respectively. Only 758 (64.9% of total) imported cattle were found to have at least one ancestor with expected progeny differences (EPDs) reported in the Spring 1995 Brahman Sire Summary. Moderate average accuracy values of .71, .69, .52, and .52 for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively, were noted for EPDs of the ancestors. Prediction equations were derived by multiple regression analysis of available EPDs of sire, paternal grand sire, and maternal grand sire. Based on pedigree indexes that involve various combinations of available ancestral information, the average predicted EPDs (lbs) for imported cattle were $1.76{\pm}0.54$, $14.93{\pm}4.86$, $25.10{\pm}9.50$, and $5.86{\pm}2.08$ for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively. Significant correlations (p < .05) were also found between sire and son EPDs (+.27) for yearling weight; and between sire and paternal grand sire EPDs for birth weight (+.34), weaning weight (+.51), yearling weight (+.49), and maternal milk (+.55).