• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제36D권1호
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• pp.90-99
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 반응로 안에서 쌍극성 확산장의 거리 확장에 따르는 앞덮개(Presheath)영역에서의 효과를 고려하고, 앞덮개 영역 내에서 이온과 중성자간의 충돌을 고려한 입사각 분포에 따른 에너지 플럭스를 계산하였다. 이론의 각분포 현상과 에너지 플럭스 분포를 이온의 온도와 함께 앞덮개 효과를 고려된 새로운 근사 해석적 모델을 제시한다. 실제 식각 공정에 대한 실험결과 충돌이 없는 덮개에서도 이온의 입사각이 산란되는 현상이 나타난다. 이 현상은 이온의 앞덮개지역을 통과하면서 쌍극성 확산장(ambipolar diffusion field)에 의해 운동에너지를 얻게 되는데, 이때 얻어진 운동에너지가 가스 분자 충돌에 의해 변화는 효과 때문이라고 볼 수 있다. 제안된 근사적 해석모델을 이용하여 트렌치에서의 중착 형상을 모의실험 하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.73-73
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• 2014

Several geometrical models (e.g., cone and flux rope models) have been suggested to infer 3-D parameters of CMEs using multi-view observations (STEREO/SECCHI) and single-view observations (SOHO/LASCO). To prepare for when only single view observations are available, we have made a test whether the cone model parameters from single-view observations are consistent with those from multi-view ones. For this test, we select 35 CMEs which are identified as CMEs, whose angular widths are larger than 180 degrees, by one spacecraft and as limb CMEs by the other ones. For this we use SOHO/LASCO and STEREO/SECCHI data during the period from 2010 December to 2011 July when two spacecraft were separated by $90{\pm}10$ degrees. In this study, we compare 3-D parameters of these CMEs from three different methods: (1) a triangulation method using the STEREO/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO data, (2) a Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) flux rope model using the STEREO/SECCHI data, and (3) an ice cream cone model using the SOHO/LASCO data. The parameters used for comparison are radial velocities, angular widths and source location (angle ${\gamma}$ between the propagation direction and the plan of the sky). We find that the radial velocities and the ${\gamma}$-values from three methods are well correlated with one another (CC > 0.8). However, angular widths from the three methods are somewhat different. The correlation coefficients are relatively not good (CC > 0.4). We also find that the correlation coefficients between the locations from the three methods and the active region locations are larger than 0.9, implying that most of the CMEs are radially ejected.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Along with the development of power electronics and magnetic materials, permanent magnet (PM) brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are now widely used in many fields of modern industry BLDC motors have many advantages such as high efficiency, large peak torque, easy control of speed, and reliable working characteristics. However, Compared with the other electric motors without a PM, BLDC motors with a PM have inherent cogging torque. It is often a principle source of vibration, noise and difficulty of control in BLDC motors. Cogging torque which is produced by the interaction of the rotor magnetic flux and angular variation in the stator magnetic reluctance can be reduced by sinusoidal air-gap flux density waveform due to reduction of variation of magnetic reluctance. Therefore, this paper will present a design method of magnetizing system for reduction of cogging torque and low manufacturing cost of BLDC motor with isotropic bonded neodynium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets in ring type by sinusoidal air-gap flux density distribution. An analytical technique of magnetization makes use of two-dimensional finite element method (2-D FEM) and Preisach model that expresses the hysteresis phenomenon of magnetic materials in order for accurate calculation. In addition, For optimum design of magnetizing fixture, Factorial design which is one of the design of experiments (DOE) is used.

• 멤브레인
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 2축 회전판형 한외여과막 모듈의 순수투과율 예측모델과 1% 절삭유의 분리특성 및 투과율 예측모델을 유도하였다. 2축 RDM은 한외여과막(UOP사, 직경 0.22m)을 씌운 같은 크기의 회전판막 20개를 장착한 후 막간격과 각속도($\omega$)에 따른 분리특성을 조사하였다. 2축 RDM의 순수 투과율은 각속도가 41.89rad/s에서 9.95% 감소하여서 1축 RDM의 감소율 3.01%보다 높았다. 2축 RDM은 회전판막이 겹친 부분에서 난류의 발생으로 미끄럼 흐름에 의한 압력 강하는 $(2.5{\omega}r)^{2}$에 비례하였다. 회전판막 간격이 3mm인 $J/J_{o}$(절삭유의 투과율/순수 투과율)는 각속도가 31.42rad/s에서 2.62rad/s로 감소할 때 0.64에서 0.31로 감소하였고 간격이 7mm 일 때의 $J/J_{o}$는 0.64에서 0.27의 감소하여 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 1축 RDM에 사용된 투과율 예측모델식을 변형하여 유도된 2축 RDM의 모델식은 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제29회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.24-32
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• 2004

The characteristics of heat transfer from horizontal cylinder immersed in both a riser and downcomer of a circulating fluidized beds were investigated experimentally under different values of solids mass flux, superficial air velocity, particle size diameter, and different bed materials. The test results indicated that local heat transfer coefficients in both riser and downcomer are strongly influenced by angular position, and mass flux, as well as by particle size and bed materials. The local heat transfer coefficients around a circumference of the cylinder inside a riser and downcomer of a CFB exhibited a general tendency to increase with decreasing particle size and increasing solids mass flux and vary with different bed materials. Also the averaged heat transfer coefficient calculated from local heat transfer coefficient exhibited the same trend as a local i.e increase with decrease particle size and increasing solids mass flux and vary with varying bed materials. The general trend for a riser local heat transfer coefficient is decrease with increase angle until ${\Phi}$ = 0.5-0.6 (Where at angle =180$^{\circ}$ ${\Phi}$ =1). Also the general trend for a local heat transfer coefficient in downcomer is to increase with increase the angle until ${\Phi}$= ${\theta}/{\Pi}$ = 0.3-0.5 (Where at angle =180$^{\circ}$ ${\Phi}$ =1). Comparison the results of the heat transfer in the riser and downcomer of a circulating fluidized beds shows that they have approximately the same trend but the values of heat transfer coefficients in riser is higher than in downcomer.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.379-394
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• 2000

As an in-vessel retention (IVR) design concept in coping with a severe accident in the nuclear power plant during which time a considerable amount of core material may melt, external cooling of the reactor vessel has been suggested to protect the lower head from overheating due to relocated material from the core. The efficiency of the ex-vessel management may be estimated by the thermal margin defined as the ratio of the critical heat flux (CHF）to the actual heat flux from the reactor vessel. Principal factors affecting the thermal margin calculation are the amount of heat to be transferred downward from the molten pool, variation of heat flux with the angular position, and the amount of removable heat by external cooling In this paper a thorough literature survey is made and relevant models and correlations are critically reviewed and applied in terms of their capabilities and uncertainties in estimating the thermal margin to potential failure of the vessel on account of the CHF Results of the thermal margin calculation are statistically treated and the associated uncertainties are quantitatively evaluated to shed light on the issues requiring further attention and study in the near term. Our results indicated a higher thermal margin at the bottom than at the top of the vessel accounting for the natural convection within the hemispherical molten debris pool in the lower plenum. The information obtained from this study will serve as the backbone in identifying the maximum heat removal capability and limitations of the IVR technology called the Cerium Attack Syndrome Immunization Structures (COASISO) being developed for next generation reactors.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

본 연구는 터렛 서보 시스템에서 사용되는 고가의 절대형 엔코더를 대체하기 위해서 멀티-턴 가능한 센서리스 위치제어기를 구현하였다. 센서리스 제어를 위해서는 모터의 위치 정보가 필수적이다. 따라서, 터렛 서보시스템에서 사용되는 영구자석형 동기 전동기의 수학적 모델로부터 자속 추정기를 구성하였다. 자속 추정기로부터 회전자 자속을 계산하여 회전자의 속도와 위치 정보를 얻었다. 제로-크로싱 기법을 사용하여, 추정한 회전자 자속이 1회전 할 때마다 하나의 펄스를 생성하여 멀티-턴 횟수를 측정하였다. 모의실험과 실험을 통해 제안한 방법의 유용함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2010

A 3-D.O.F. spherical PM motor has 3 degrees of freedom in its motion by tilting and rotating of a shaft, which can be applied in a range of fields. The back-EMF is proportional to the field flux and angular velocity. The back-EMF constant in conventional rotating machine has a uniform value. However, in a spherical PM motor, the back-EMF constant of the coils varies according to the tilting conditions regardless of whether the angular speed is constant. Consideration of the back-EMF constant is useful for designing 3-D.O.F. spherical PM motors. In this study, the back-EMF constant of the spherical PM motor was considered carefully.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1321-1327
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• 2006

This paper presents the calculation of unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) that causes rotor misalignment in induction motor. The excessive noise and vibration will be occurred by means of rotor misalignment. Angular misalignment of rotor will produce air-gap permeance wave which is function of axial and circumferential coordinate. In this paper, the UMP is calculated using permeance and magneto motive force (MMF) in the case of static and dynamic misalignment. Based on the percentage of misalignment, the result shows that the UMP and magnetic pressure are increased according to the increasing of misalignment. The UMP is occurred not only in It frequency component but also the others.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.97.1-97.1
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• 2011

In this study we have examined the probability of solar proton events (SPEs) and their peak fluxes depending on flare (flux, longitude and impulsive time) and CME parameters (linear speed, longitude, and angular width). For this we used the NOAA SPE list and their associated flare data from 1976 to 2006 and CME data from 1997 to 2006. We find that about 3.5% (1.9% for M-class and 21.3% for X-class) of the flares are associated with SPEs. It is also found that this fraction strongly depends on longitude; for example, the fraction for $30W^{\circ}$ < L < $90W^{\circ}$ is about three times larger than that for $30^{\circ}E$ < L < $90^{\circ}E$. The SPE probability with long duration (${\geq}$ 0.3 hours) is about 2 (X-class flare) to 7 (M-class flare) times larger than that for flares with short duration (< 0.3 hours). In case of halo CMEs with V ${\geq}$ 1500km/s, 36.1% are associated with SPEs but in case of partial halo CME ($120^{\circ}$ ${\leq}$ AW < $360^{\circ}$) with 400 km/s ${\leq}$ V < 1000 km/s, only 0.9% are associated with SPEs. The relationships between X-ray flare peak flux and SPE peak flux are strongly dependent on longitude and impulsive time. The relationships between CME speed and SPE peak flux depend on longitude as well as direction parameter. From this study, we suggest a new SPE forecast method with three-steps: (1) SPE occurrence probability prediction according to the probability tables depending on flare and CME parameters, (2) SPE flux prediction from the relationship between SPE flux and flare (or CME) parameters, and (3) SPE peak time.