• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1988

경막외 천자는 마취과 의사는 누구나 쉽게 시행할 수 있는 수기이므로 요통으로 고생하는 많은 환자들중에 얼마만큼이라도 우리들의 손으로 치유하는 보람을 가졌으면 좋겠다. 또한 좀 더 요통치료에 대한 연구가 많았으면 한다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2016

Lidocaine, a local anesthetic commonly used in dental treatments, is capable of causing allergies or adverse effects similar to allergic reactions. However, the frequency of such occurrences in actual clinical settings is very rare, and even clinical tests on patients with known allergies to local anesthetics may often show negative results. When adverse effects, such as allergy to lidocaine, are involved, patients can be treated by testing other local anesthetics and choosing a local anesthetic without any adverse effects, or by performing dental treatment under general anesthesia in cases in which no local anesthetic without adverse effects is available. Along with a literature review, the authors of the present study report on two cases of patients who tested positive on allergy skin tests for lidocaine and bupivacaine and subsequently underwent successful dental treatments with either general anesthesia or a different local anesthetic.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics, lidocaine and prilocaine) on pain during ampicillin sodium intradermal (ID) skin test, and also to assess skin reaction after the skin test. Methods: Forty-three nurse-volunteers had skin tests with 0.01ml-0.05ml ampicillin sodium antibiotics. Skin tests were done on each forearm to compare the pain level of the skin test site after application of EMLA cream with the pain level when no EMLA cream was applied. EMLA cream was applied at the ID skin test site with an occlusive dressing for one hour. Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and pain sensation using the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The transverse diameter of the wheal and redness was read right after and at 15 minutes after the skin test. The results were compared using independent t-tests. Results: Pain score and sensation with EMLA cream treatment were significantly lower than when EMLA cream was not applied. There was no difference in skin reactions; reading of the skin test was not affected by EMLA cream. Conclusions: EMLA cream was found to be an effective local anesthetic to relieve the pain of clients having ampicillin sodium antibiotics ID skin tests.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Periodontal procedures require adequate anesthesia not only to ensure the patient's comfort but also to enhance the operator's performance and minimize chair time. In the maxilla, anesthesia is often achieved using highly traumatic nerve blocks, apart from multiple local infiltrations through the buccal vestibule. In recent years, anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) field block has been claimed to be a less traumatic alternative to several of these conventional injections, and it has many other advantages. This critical review of the existing literature aimed to discuss the rationale, mechanism, effectiveness, extent, and duration of AMSA injections for periodontal surgical and non-surgical procedures in the maxilla. It also focused on future prospects, particularly in relation to computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery systems, which aim to achieve the goal of pain-free anesthesia. A literature search of different databases was performed to retrieve relevant articles related to AMSA injections. After analyzing the existing data, it can be concluded that this anesthetic technique may be used as a predictable method of effective palatal anesthesia with adequate duration for different periodontal procedures. It has additional advantages of being less traumatic, requiring lesser amounts of local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors, as well as achieving good hemostasis. However, its effect on the buccal periodontium appears highly unpredictable.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to evaluate the anesthetic effects of clove oil and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the Far Eastern catfish, Silurus asotus, by measuring the times to anesthesia and recovery. Each anesthetic effect of clove oil and MS-222 was tested in two groups of fish with different body sizes: a group of small fish (mean body length: $15.5{\pm}1.58cm$, mean body weight: $50.1{\pm}5.91g$, n=20) and a group of large fish (mean body length: $31.5{\pm}4.19cm$, mean body weight: $302.1{\pm}15.22g$, n=20). The anesthetics were used at concentrations of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ppm. The results showed significant relationships between the concentration of the anesthetic and the body size of the fish. Each of these variables showed statistical significance (p<0.05). The time to anesthesia decreased linearly with increasing concentration in the large fish for both clove oil and MS-222 (p<0.05). Based on an optimal anesthetic time of approximately 1 min, the preferred concentrations of the anesthetics were 500 ppm for clove oil and 600 ppm for MS-222. Both the anesthetic time and the recovery time were shorter for the small fish than for the large fish (p<0.05). Our study showed that the smaller-sized Far Eastern catfish was more easily anesthetized and recovered more rapidly from anesthesia than the larger-sized fish.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2023

Specialized hearing tests for pets are currently in demand. A brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) test is an objective, non-invasive, and practical electrophysiological method that records electric signals from the peripheral auditory system to the brainstem when an auditory stimulation is provided. In veterinary medicine, sedation or anesthesia is essential for a successful examination. In human medicine, research has established the indications for various sedatives, anesthetics, and drugs according to the depth of anesthesia required. However, in veterinary medicine, there are very few comparative studies on propofol or isoflurane, which are the most common anesthetics used. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the difference in BAER test results between sedation with medetomidine, anesthesia using propofol, and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane after propofol administration. The test was conducted on four healthy adult dogs. There was no statistically significant difference in latency, interpeak latency, or amplitude between the various drugs. The results suggest that a sedative or anesthetic for the administration of a BAER test can be selected according to the patient's needs.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Purpose: Postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) is a common problem after general anesthesia. The aim of this prospective, double-blind randomized study was to compare the effect of Propofol-Remifentanil vs. Sevoflurane inhalational anesthetics on PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Forty patients (ASA physical status 1, 2) scheduled for elective surgery participated in the study. Twenty of them received total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA group) with Propofol-Remifentanil, and the rest were given Sevoflurane inhalational anesthetics (inhalation group). The TIVA group was induced with Propofol 5mcg/ml and Remifentanil 3~4mcg/ml. The anesthesia was maintained with the continuous infusion of Propofol 2~3mcg/ml and Remifentanil 2~3mcg/ml IV. The inhalation group was induced with Pentotal Sodium 5mg/kg and 3~4mcg/kg/hr IV Remifentanil. Maintenance was obtained with 1.5~2.0 vol% Sevoflurane. Results: The subjects in TIVA group reported less PONV than those in Sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia group. Conclusion: Propofol-Remifentanil anesthesia (TIVA group) was considered a satisfactory anesthetic technique in reducing PONV in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2000

Background: The continuous epidural analgesia is a popular method in the management of postoperative pain. However, the exact regimen for the optimal analgesia is still in dispute. In this study, we evaluated the effect of an initial loading dose prior to the continuous epidural infusion after a brief surgery, which may have some residual effects of local anesthetics that is used for the intraoperative epidural anesthesia. Methods: Seventy five patients required epidural anesthesia with 15 ml of 2% mepivacaine for the perianal surgery were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1, being the control group (n=25) did not received postoperative epidural pain control. But, group 2 (n=25) and 3 (n=25) received continuous epidural analgesia with local anesthetics and morphine immediately after surgery. In Group 2, the patients received continuous epidural infusion without initial loading dose. In Group 3, the patients received initial loading dose (1% mepivacaine 6 ml and morphine 1 mg) and followed by continuous epidural infusion. We evaluated the number of patients who needed adjuvant analgesics, the pain score, and incidence of side effects for the postoperative 48 hours. Results: At postoperative 12 hours, in group 3, the two variables, the number of patients who needed analgesics and the pain score showed a statistical significance with low scores compared with group 1 and 2. At postoperative 24 and 48 hours, the two variables indicated above did not show any differences in group 2 and 3. The incidence of side effects is not different among the three groups. Conclusions: The loading dose prior to continuous epidural infusion is necessary after a brief surgery which may have some residual effects of local anesthetics that is used for the intraoperative epidural anesthesia.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2015

Background Topical anesthetics, such as eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream, can be applied to reduce pain before minor procedure. This trial evaluated EMLA as pretreatment for facial lacerations and compared pain, discomfort and overall satisfaction. Methods This trial included consecutive emergency department patients ${\geq}16years$ of age who presented with simple facial lacerations. At triage, lacerations were allotted to either the routine processing group or EMLA pretreatment group according to date of admission. Initially, the emergency department doctors inspected each laceration, which were dressed with saline-soaked gauze. In the pretreatment group, EMLA cream was applied during wound inspection. The plastic surgeon then completed primary closure following the local injection of an anesthetic. After the procedure, all patients were given a questionnaire assessing pain using the 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) ("no pain" to "worst pain"). All questionnaires were collected by the emergency department nurse before discharge. Results Fifty patients were included in the routine processing group, and fifty patients were included in the EMLA pretreatment group. Median age was 39.9 years, 66% were male, and the average laceration was 2.67 cm in length. The EMLA pretreatment group reported lower pain scores in comparison with the routine processing group (2.4 vs. 4.5 on VAS, P<0.05), and lower discomfort scores during the procedure (2.0 vs. 3.3, P=0.60). Overall satisfaction was significantly higher in the EMLA pretreatment group (7.8 vs. 6.1, P<0.05). Conclusions Pretreating facial lacerations with EMLA topical cream aids patients by reducing pain and further enhancing overall satisfaction during laceration treatment.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

체외수정의 성공률에 있어서 배란되기 직전의 충분히 성숙된 난자를 채취하는 것이 중요하며, 최근에는 질 벽을 통하여 초음파를 이용하는 방법을 많이 사용하고 있다. 난자 채취 시술 시 정맥 마취제를 투여하는데 최근에는 수술회복이 빠르고 오심이나 구토 등의 부작용이 적은 Propofol(2,6-disoprooylphenol)과 Thiopental sodium을 사용한다. 이들 마취제가 마취 투여 시간과 양에 따라 난자의 성숙률과 수정률, 발생률에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 조사하고자 하였다. 돼지에서 추출한 성숙 전 단계의 난자를 마취제인 Propofo1 및 Thiopental sodium의 다양한 농도와 시간에 노출시킨 후 난자 성숙를을 조사하였으며 돼지 정자와 체외수정시킨 후 수정률과 발생률을 관찰하였다. 또한, 수정 단계 없이 단독 발생하는 처녀생식에 대한 영향도 조사하였다. Propofol에 단시간 노출된 난자는 대조군과 큰 차이가 없었으나 고농도에서 장시간 노출 시 성숙률이 현저히 높게 나타났다. 그러나 수정률은 높은 농도에 장시간 노출할 경우 대조군보다 낮아졌는데, 이와 같은 일시적인 난자 성숙은 Propofol이 처녀생식 유발물질이기 때문으로 보여진다. Thiopental sodium은 저농도 단시간 처리 시 난자의 성숙률과 수정률을 모두 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 각 마취제의 최적농도와 투여시간을 결정하여 이러한 영향을 최소화시키는 것이 체외수정의 성공률과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다.