• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

This study was intended to investigate the contemporary meaning of transparent design expressed in contemporary fashion by inquiring into its plasticity expressed in contemporary design and fashion and analyzing the association between them. It used the comparative anesthetic method widely used by H. W lfflin and other scholars in eliciting the differences and similarities in styles. It attempted to investigate the plasticity of transparent design expressed in contemporary design by dividing it into the epidermal, spatial and ideological effects. Contemporary design expressed the epidermal effects such as lightness(nimbleness), smoothness, contrast and stress It expressed the spatial effects such as spatial flexibility through the interpenetration of interior and exterior spaces, expansion of the space and the like. And it expressed ideological effects such as openness, pureness, playfulness and the like. In terms of lightness, contemporary design expressed actual or visual lightness by using transparent materials. In terms of the interpenetration of interior and exterior spaces, it expressed the interpenetration of the interior space into the exterior spaces and vice versa. In terms of spatial expansion, contemporary design expressed the infinite spatial connection by drawing the exterior space into the interior space. Contrast and stress were formed by imposing visual unity on contemporary fashion by using opaque and transparent materials. In terms of openness, contemporary design expressed contemporary people's candor and dependability by making the inside of the building or object look outward. To express pureness, contemporary design used the clear and transparent image by using the glass or translucent materials taking on the pure property. To express playfulness, contemporary made use of the vagueness of the spatial boundary, the locational switching of inner and outer spaces, and interesting external forms occurring when light pass through opaque and transparent materials.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2020

Background: Complications following impacted third molar surgery significantly affect patients' quality of life during the immediate postoperative period. This study aimed to achieve the proper anesthesia method by comparing the effect of the application of lidocaine alone with the application of lidocaine and articaine simultaneously in reducing the complications during and following impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Methods: The study design was a split-mouth double-blind randomized clinical trial. The study was conducted on 13 patients (26 samples) referred for elective surgical removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molar with similar difficulty on both sides. Each patient underwent similar surgical procedures on two separate appointments. Each patient randomly received 2% lidocaine for conventional inferior alveolar nerve block and 4% articaine for local infiltration before the surgery on one side (group A) and 2% lidocaine alone (for both block anesthesia and infiltration) before the surgery on the other side (group B). Intraoperative and postoperative variables for both groups were established and statistically analyzed. Results: The findings showed that pain on the first day after surgery in group A was significantly lower than that in group B. The patients in group A mentioned experiencing less discomfort following the surgery. The increased horizontal swelling on the first and third days following surgery and oblique swelling on the seventh day in patients in group B were statistically significant. Conclusion: Choosing an appropriate anesthetic drug for oral surgery, specifically impacted third molar surgery, is dependent on the clinician's opinion, however; it seems that the combination of lidocaine and articaine may control the patient's pain significantly better than lidocaine alone.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2012

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Given high incidence of ADHD, many children with ADHD is likely to present for anesthesia. This case report suggests intramuscular premedication as an alternative method for anesthetic induction. A 9-year-old male patient with ADHD was transferred for dental treatment under general anesthesia. The patient refused to go into dental clinic office. Oral midazolam was given to the patient, however, he was resistant to take midazolam via oral route. Instead, we administer midazolam and ketamine via intramuscular route. After less than 10 miniutes, the patient became drowsy and was transferred to dental chair. Intravenous access and mask inhalation was possible. The patient received dental treatment under general anesthesia and recovered in a non-complicated way. In this case, intramuscular sedation with midazolam and ketamine was used as a premedication in highly uncoopearive patient refused to take oral sedative medication.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.770-775
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• 2008

Autonomic nervous system of the anesthetized patients can be influenced by the many kinds of stimulations such as intubation, surgical incision and so on. The changes of the heart rates and blood pressures are surrogates of responses of the autonomic system to the external stimulations. Recently, the power spectral analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) made it easy to know the fractions and changes of sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic systems. In this study, the changes of pulse transit time, one of the response of vessels to stimulations, was investigated in relation to the HRV. Ten patients were examined and average age is 22.5 $\pm$ 11.04, average weight is 63 $\pm$ 14.4 kg. The patients were anesthetized only by sevoflurane inhalation. Pulse transit time is determined by calculating the difference of the time between the R peak of ECG and the characteristic point of the plethysmography. Power spectral density (PSD) of the HRV was achieved in the frequency of 0.04-0.15 (LF) and 0.15-0.4 (HF). Compared to preanesthetic period the values of LF and LF/HF ratio of HRV were decreased (p<0.05). HF and PTT was increased in anesthetic state with sevoflurane. Otherwise, after intubation, the HF was decreased and LF, LF/HF ratio and PTT were increased. PSD of the HRV is well-known for the index of the autonomic nervous activity. Not only HRV but PTT analysis also is a useful index reflecting the autonomic responses to various stimulations. And this analysis is useful in bed side monitoring because the calculating method is simple and it takes shorter processing time compared to the HRV analysis.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 치과 치료를 받는 환자들의 불안, 통증, 공포, 스트레스를 줄이기 위해 최면의 효과를 알아보고 환자의 만족도를 높이기 위해 어떤 방법으로 도입하는 것이 바람직할지 알아보기 위함 이었다. Medline을 이용하여 치과 및 의학 영역의 최면과 관련된 연구를 검색하여 분석하였다. 치과 영역에서 최면 요법의 이용은 환자의 불안, 공포, 통증, 스트레스 등을 줄여주어 편안한 치료를 받을 수 있도록 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 면역 체계에 영향을 끼쳐 치유에 도움을 주고, 약물의 사용을 줄여 부작용을 감소시킬 수 있는 효과도 나타났다. 따라서, 최면 요법을 활용한 치과 진료 시 환자는 정신적, 육체적으로 편안한 진료가 가능하며, 이로써 환자의 진료의 만족도가 높아질 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.738-743
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• 2000

Background: Video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) is being used as a therapeutic modality in many diseases in which thoracotomy has been used. We studied that the VATS can substitute the thoracotomy in benign esophageal disease. Material and Method: Group I (n=18) underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery, and group II(n=19) thoracotomy. Group I includes 14 leiomyomas and 4 achalasias. Group II includes 16 leiomyomas and 3 achalasias. Operative technique is enucleation in the leiomyoma and modified Heller's myotomy in the achalasia. Analyzing factors of operation-efficacy are anesthetic time, operation time, hospital stay, chest tube drainage amount and chest tube removal day. The degree of the postoperative pain is assessed by the frequency of opioid analgesics injection. Result: There was no death in both groups. There were 5 complications in the group I and 2 in the group II. Prolonged pleural effusion and restenosis of achalasia occurred to 1 patient in each group. In the group I, there were 1 temporaty vocal cord palsy and 2 mucosal tear leading to thoracotomy. There were no differences in anesthesia time, operation time, hospital stay, total chest tube drainage amount, chest tube removal day and frequency of opioid analgesics injection. The amount of the chest tube drainage at POD 1 day was significantly lower in group I(155.6$\pm$77.8cc) than in group II(572.8$\pm$280.1cc)(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our data showed that video-assisted thoracic surgery for benign esophageal disease is as effective as thoracotomy and in addition, cosmetic effect is much better. We concluded VATS may be a substitute for thoracotomy in benign esophageal disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.827-832
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• 1997

폐용적 감축술(Lung volume reduction surgery : Lns)은 최근들어 활동이 어려운 심한 폐기종 환자에서 폐이식의 대체요법이나 폐이식의 전단계 시술로 추천되고 있다. 이 시술은 폐기종 환자의 호흡곤란을 감소 시키고 일상생활의 수행을 개선시키기 위한 고식적인 치료방법이다. 범발성 폐기종 환자에 대한 폐용적 감축술(LVRS)의 개념은 병변이 심한 기능이 없는 폐를 절제함으로써 남아있는 병변이 적은 폐의 기능을 개선 시킨다는 것이다. 폐용적 감축술UnS)의 성공에 결정적인 영향을 미치는 요소들로는 철저한 환자의 선택 (patient selection), 정확한 수술부위의 위치선정, 신중한 마취 및 수술기법, 그리고 집중적인 술후 처치 등이 있다. 본 병원에서는 심한 폐기종으로 입원한 59세 남자환자에서 철저한 선택과정patient selection)과 호흡기재활 (pulmonary rehabilitation)을 거쳐 흉강내시경을 이용하여 폐용적 감축술InnS)을 시행하였으며 술후 경과 양 호하녀 퇴원 후 현재 외래 추적관찰 중이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1999

Backgroud: Systemic administration of opioid can prolong the duration of epidural anesthesia. The authors examined the effect of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) on the level of sensory block induced by epidural lidocaine. Methods: Twenty minutes after epidural injection of 2% lidocaine (below 70 years : 20 ml, 70 years and above : 15 ml), the level of sensory block was assessed (2nd stage). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either medical air (control group, n=15) or 50% $N_2O$ in oxygen ($N_2O$ group, n=15) for 10 minutes, the level of block was reassessed (3rd stage). Pateints were given room air (control group) or 100% oxygen for 5 minutes and room air for 5 minutes ($N_2O$ group), and the level of block was reassessed (4th stage). Results: At the 3rd stage, $N_2O$ group showed 4.3 cm cephalad increase in the level of sensory block (p=0.005), but control group revealed 1.43 cm regression. After discontinuation of gas, the level of block regressed in both group (p=0.000). At the 4th stage, $N_2O$ group revealed 3.5 cm cephalad increase (p=0.048) and control group 1.97 cm regression (p=0.001) as compared with the 2nd stage. Conclusions: The level of sensory block induced by epidural lidocaine was significantly increased cephalad by concommitant use of 50% $N_2O$ for 10 minutes.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.279-285
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• 1995

Extradural block is a form of treatment described as early as the beginning of the present centuries. It has since had positive criticism from a number of authors in different countries. Epidural injections of steroids with or without local anesthetic have become an occasional method of conservative treatment in sciatica & lumbago, especially in acute case. We assess the results of continuous epidural block with steroids and local anesthetics in sciatica & lumbago. From July 1994 to June 1995, we treated 46 case of lumbago and sciatica using continuous epidural block with steroids and local anesthetics. After placement of 17-Gauge Tuohy needle in the epidural space by the technique of loss of resistance, 0.25% bupivacaine 5 cc and triamcinolone 40 mg was administered and then epidural catheter was placed and connected to multiday infusor(Paragon) using 1% lidocaine with continuous infusion rate of 1 ml/hour. Usually, the catheter was removed after 1~2 weeks and then treated with the physical therapy. At the time of patient's discharge, 69.5% of all cases showed excellent or good results. Of particular note, 26 of the 46 cases were followed up by telephone. At present, in using Of particular note, 26 of the 46 cases were followed up by telephone. At present, in using continuous epidural block procedure, a relief in symptoms showed in 65.5% of these 26 cases. Continuous epidural block provides shortening of the recovery time from pain, avoidance of long period bed rest and early physical therapy and exercise. Therefore, continuous epidural block is simple and safe in the treatment of lumbago and sciatica, especially in acute phase.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose : Thermographic inspection of infrared thermographic inspection of recent papers Western Medicine and Korean traditional medicine in the Department of infrared thermographic inspection purposes, the method is studied and compared. Methods : "Infrared thermographic inspection" was found searching paper side 51 centered below the contents of the retrieved articles were conducted. Results : In Western medicine. mainly associated with pain and neurological disorders in sensory evaluation after treatment was more frequent in the paper about a topic anesthetic primarily due to the nature of medicine is estimated to be actively used. Mainly in the Oriental sense of pain and neurological disorders are used to evaluate whether treatment is proven to be widely used in Acupuncture was demonstrated. But Western medicine, disease. mainly confined to the sense of pain and nerve pain and nerve sensations in Korean traditional medicine, but not only disease. as well as an assessment tool to observe the physiological changes of the body also was great. Conclusion : Thermographic inspection and further more for coverage of Western and Korean traditional medicine for the use of the infrared thermographic inspection methods and could see that there were some differences.