• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2022

Lung transplantation is the only treatment option for patients with end-stage lung disease. Although more than 4,000 lung transplants are performed every year worldwide, the standardized protocols contain no guidelines for monitoring during lung transplantation. Specific anesthetic concerns are associated with lung transplantation, especially during critical periods, including anesthesia induction, the initiation of positive pressure ventilation, the establishment and maintenance of one-lung ventilation, pulmonary artery clamping, pulmonary artery unclamping, and reperfusion of the transplanted lung. Anesthetic management according to the special risks associated with a patient's existing lung disease and surgical stage is the most important factor. Successful anesthesia in lung transplantation can improve hemodynamic stability, oxygenation, ventilation, and outcomes. Therefore, anesthesiologists must have expertise in transesophageal echocardiography, extracorporeal life support, and cardiopulmonary anesthesia and understand the pathophysiology of end-stage lung disease and the drugs administered. In addition, communication among anesthesiologists, surgeons, and perfusionists during surgery is important to achieve optimal patient results.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 NEW STRATEGY FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN POST-GENOMIC ERA(대한약학회)
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• pp.263.3-264
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• 2000

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze outpatient anesthesia for dental treatment in handicapped patients with behavior disorder in order to use data for carrying out better and safe anesthetic management. Methods: The data were drawn from the 100 patients with behavior disorder who visited CNUDH dental clinic for disabled based on anesthesia record to investigate patient's systemic condition, cooperative level, anesthesia method according to patients cooperation, and side effects after recovery time. Results: Mental retardation (58%) is the most reason to choose general anesthesia. The methods of induction according to cooperative level are intravenous propofol injection in 22 cases and inhalation of sevoflurane in 78 cases. Induction time of anesthesia were within 10 seconds in cases of propofol induction and average $48.8{\pm}18.5$ seconds in cases of inhalation induction. The time spent on dental treatment was average $3.2{\pm}1.1$ hours. After the end of treatment, average time to move from unit chair to recovery bed, to recliner, and to discharge from hospital are $10.4{\pm}5.1$, $36.9{\pm}17.1$ and $72.4{\pm}16.0$ minutes, respectively. During recovery, there are nausea with 9%, vomiting with 4%, dizziness with 2%, finger injury with 1%. Conclusions: This study showed our successful anesthetic outcomes without any severe side effects or complications. Through this study, it will be used for safe anesthetic management as useful reference data.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2018

INTRODUCTION The most commonly impacted tooth is the third molar. An impacted third molar can ultimately cause acute pain, infection, tumors, cysts, caries, periodontal disease, and loss of adjacent teeth. Local anesthesia is employed for removing the third molar. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 or 1:200,000 epinephrine for surgical extraction of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS Sixty-five healthy participants underwent surgical extraction of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars in two separate visits while under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with different epinephrine concentration (1:80,000 or 1:200,000) in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Visual analogue scale pain scores obtained immediately after surgical extraction were primarily evaluated for the two groups receiving different epinephrine concentrations. Visual analogue scale pain scores obtained 2, 4, and 6 h after administering an anesthetic, onset and duration of analgesia, onset of pain, intraoperative bleeding, operator's and participant's overall satisfaction, drug dosage, and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated for the two groups. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any measurements except hemodynamic factors (P > .05). Changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate following anesthetic administration were significantly greater in the group receiving 1:80,000 epinephrine than in that receiving 1:200,000 epinephrine ($P{\leq}01$). CONCLUSION The difference in epinephrine concentration between 1:80,000 and 1:200,000 in 2% lidocaine liquid does not affect the medical efficacy of the anesthetic. Furthermore, 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine has better safety with regard to hemodynamic parameters than 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine. Therefore, we suggest using 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine rather than 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine for surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars in hemodynamically unstable patients.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2018

Although scaling is the primary method for improving oral health, it is also associated with dental fear. The objective of this study was to empirically verify whether the use of gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus during scaling relieves pain and improves other factors. A total of 128 patients scheduled to undergo scaling at a dental clinic of a general hospital located in the Gyeonggi Province, between July 2014 and July 2015, were enrolled in the study. The participants underwent scaling following the application of 20% benzocaine gel or placebo gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus, and the data was collected using a questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the severity of pain, participant satisfaction, perceived sensitivity, overall discomfort, and fear of scaling between the two groups. The two groups were compared in terms of perceived need for gel anesthesia, willingness to pay for anesthesia costs, and willingness to receive scaling in the future. There were significant differences in all the three parameters depending on whether gel anesthesia was used or not. There were significant differences between the two groups in perceived sensitivity immediately after scaling and one day after scaling, with no difference seen one week after scaling. With regards to overall discomfort over time, there were significant differences between the two groups immediately after scaling. Based on these findings, we expect that application of gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus during scaling will reduce pain, perceived sensitivity, overall discomfort, and fear of scaling with increased satisfaction.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2000

Background: An increase in the maximum level of sensory blockade (MLSB) following an epidural top-up in combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSE) may be achieved by a volume effect as the volume of local anesthetic compresses the dural sac, by a local anesthetic effect, or by a combination of both effects. This study was conducted to investigate the contribution of each of these effects. Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for lower limb surgery under CSE were randomly allocated to one of three groups of twenty patients each. Using the needle-through needle technique, all patients received a subarachnoid dose of 10 mg hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine. At 30 min after subarachnoid injection, an epidural top-up with saline 10 ml (group II) or 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml (group III) was administered; patients in group I received no epidural top-up. The level of sensory blockade was assessed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 min after subarachnoid injection and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 min after epidural top-up. Results: There was no significant difference in the MLSB and the onset time of MLSB among group I-III. Conclusions: We concluded that the epidural top-up with saline 10 ml or 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml which injected at 30 min after subarachnoid injection did not significantly increase the level of subarachnoid block in lower extremity surgical patients.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2007

To investigate the permeability of lidocaine, percutaneous absorption studies were performed using excised hairless mouse skin and the penetration of lidocaine via the skin was determined. To increase the skin permeation of lidocine, the effects of $Labrasol^{(R)}$, $Labrafil^{(R)}$, $Labrafac^{(R)}$ and $Transcutol^{(R)}$ were investigated. The skin permeation of lidocaine was increased when $Labrasol^{(R)}$ and $Transcutol^{(R)}$ were used as permeation enhancer. To evaluate the influence of ultrasound, various factors such as application modes (continuous mode and pulsed mode), frequency (1.0 and 3.0 MHz) and intensity (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 w/$cm^2$) were investigated with lidocaine hydrogel. The pronounced effect of ultrasound on the skin permeation of lidocaine was observed at all ultrasound energy levels. The influence of frequency having an effect on skin permeation rate was higher in the case of using 1 MHz, 2.0 w/$cm^2$ and continuous treatment. As the intensity of ultrasound increased, the permeation of lidocaine was accelerated. The in vivo anesthetic effects were evaluated by two aspects as mechanical threshold and electrical threshold. Six healthy volunteers consented to the randomized, double-blind, and cross-over designed study in each group. In each subject, 3 groups were adapted such as K group (ultrasound with gel base only), L group (lidocaine gel) and B group (ultrasound with lidocaine gel). In conclusion, lidocaine was potent anesthetic which could be block pain threshold effectively. And ultrasound could accelerate the skin penetration of lidocaine. The phonophoretic delivery system could be a good candidate for lidocaine as a local anaesthetic to improve the skin permeation and in vivo anaesthetic effect.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the physiological response and the applicable concentration ranges of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl, and to investigate the synergistic effect of a mixture of these two anesthetics on the in grass puffer (Takifugu niphobles). The anesthesia times decreased and the recovery times increased with increasing concentrations of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl. Applicable concentration ranges for long-term transportation requiring more than 1 hour were 2 ppm for clove oil and 50 ppm for lidocaine-HCl. With mixtures of the two anesthetics, the anesthesia time decreased as the admixture concentration of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl increased. Anesthesia times of experimental groups with the combined anesthetics were shorter than those with the same concentrations of clove oil or lidocaine-HCl alone. Plasma cortisol concentrations were highest at 6 hours in all experimental groups anesthetized with the mixture of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl, while all groups with clove oil or lidocaine-HCl alone had the highest plasma cortisol concentrations at 12 hours. Plasma glucose concentrations were highest at 12 hours in experimental groups anesthetized with the mixture of clove oil and lidocaine-HCl, while groups with clove oil or lidocaine-HCl alone had the highest plasma glucose at 24 hours. The results of this study provide basic information about anesthetics and the synergistic effect of mixtures of anesthetics in this fish species. This information should be useful for aquaculturists who require methods for safe and easy fish handling, and for transporters who require that minimal stress is imposed on fish during transport.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2018

Background: Neck and back pain are leading sources of disability placing substantial burden on health care systems. Surgical interventions in managing chronic neck pain secondary to various disorders continue to increase. Even though surgical interventions are effective, a significant proportion of patients continue to have symptomatology and develop cervical post-surgery syndrome. This study was performed to know the effectiveness of cervical interlaminar epidural injections with or without steroids. Methods: The effectiveness of fluoroscopic cervical interlaminar epidural injections in post-surgery syndrome was evaluated in a randomized, active controlled trial. The study population included 116 patients assigned to 2 groups. Group 1 received cervical interlaminar epidural injections with local anesthetic alone and Group 2 received injection with local anesthetic and steroids. The main outcomes were defined as significant improvement (greater than 50%) of pain relief using the numeric rating scale and/or functional status improvement using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Results: Both groups had similar results with significant improvement (${\geq}50%$ pain relief and functional status improvement) in 69% of the patients in Group I, whereas, in Group II, 71% of the patients showed significant improvement at the end of 2 years. During a 2-year period, the average number of procedures was 5 to 6, with an average of approximately 12 weeks of significant improvement per procedure. Conclusions: Fluoroscopic cervical interlaminar epidural injections administered in cervical post-surgery syndrome using local anesthetic, regardless of the use of steroids, may be effective in approximately 70% of the patients at 2-year follow-up.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2005

Objective : Lumbar spinal stenosis is increasingly recognized as a common cause of low back pain in elderly patients. Conservative treatment has been initially applied to elderly patients, however, surgical treatment is sometimes indispensable to relieve severe pain. We retrospectively examine the age-related effects on the surgical risk, and results following general anesthesia and operative procedure in geriatric patients for two different age groups of at least 65years old. Methods : Consecutive 51 patients [${\ge}$ 65years], who underwent open surgical procedure for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, were selected in the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A included all patients who were between 65 and 69years of age at the time of surgery. Group B included all patients who were at least 70years of age at the time of surgery. We reviewed medical history including preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists[ASA] classification of physical status, anesthetic risk factor, operative time, estimated blood loss, transfusion requirements, hospital stay, operated level, and clinical outcome to look for comparisons between two age groups [$65{\sim}69$ and over 70years]. Results : In preoperative evaluation, mean anesthetic risk factor of patients was numerically similar between the groups. The American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status was similar between two groups. There was no difference in operated level, operative time, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, and anesthetic risk factor between the two groups. The clinical successful outcome showed 82.7% for Group A and 81.8% for group B. The overall postoperative complication rates were similar for both group A and B. Conclusion : We conclude that advanced age per se, did not increase the associated morbidity and mortality in surgical decompression for spinal stenosis.