• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.361-367
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• 2009

This study was conducted to know oral maxillofacial symptoms accroding to dental fear and dental use behavior. 334 persons Older than junior high school students in Daegu, South Korea who visited to dental clinic were targeted From March 1.2008 to March 15, 2008. Statistics tool was SPSS 12.0 for Windows. General characteristics and response degree according to oral maxillofacial symptoms was analyzed by frequency study. Fear and difference according to oral maxillofacial symptoms we re conducted by T-test and One-Way ANOVA. Correlation analysis was used to verify relation between fear and oral maxillofacial symptoms. Results are followings. 1. Women felt fear higher than men did. Persons who were older felt fear higher and these were statistically related. 2. Extraoral external was 62.9%, hightest on the symptoms response degree according to oral maxillofacial symptoms. Feeling back side of the head on the strain and neck was stiff on the items were high. 3. Oral maxillofacial symptoms were high in the case when they had regular inspection, experience of scaling, experience of anesthesia and visited to the clinic often. And. Two cases(having regular inspection and visiting to the clinic often) were statistically related. Conclusion: Each pan of oral maxillofacial symptoms in the high fear group according to oral maxillofacial symptoms and it was all statistically related. And, fear and each oral maxillofacial pains were positively related and it was statistically related.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.149-152
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• 2020

One-year-old male Cocker Spaniel dog was referred for the third eyelid enlargement and inflammation in the left eye (OS). It gradually swelled for 2 weeks after the cherry eye repair by conjunctival mucosa pocket procedure at a private animal clinic. Routine ophthalmic examinations including neuro-ophthalmic examination, Schirmer tear test, intraocular pressure and corneal fluorescein staining were all normal. No lesions were found on slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy except for third eyelid swelling in the OS. Ultrasonography revealed cystic structure within the OS nictitating membrane. Fluid from the cyst was aspirated and there were no microorganisms or neoplastic changes. Surgical intervention was performed under general anesthesia. On the day of the surgery, there was a deep corneal ulcer in the OS, which had not existed before. Ventral palpebral surface of the third eyelid was incised horizontally to the shaft of the T-shaped hyaline cartilage. And then, a full thickness of the cystic wall was incised and marsupialized. Additionally, a direct suture was performed on the ulcerated cornea. Topical and systemic antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed. One month after the surgery, the third eyelid swelling and the discharge were improved. Marsupialization of the nictitating membrane cyst relieved the swelling of the third eyelid and inflammation. It could be a simple but effective surgical intervention for the cystic complication of conjunctival mucosa pocket procedure in dogs.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2017

Due to hypodontia, poor oral hygiene, and significantly more prevalent periodontal disease, patients with Down syndrome show higher incidence of edentulism. Oral rehabilitation of such patients is imperative but challenging as high rates of prosthesis failure are reported due to malocclusion, high masticatory force, and parafunctional habits. As CAD/CAM(Computer-Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing) is the recent trend in prosthodontics, this report discusses the application of CAD/CAM in a Down syndrome patient. A 25-year-old patient with Down syndrome was presented to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital for oral examination. 5 maxillary teeth were missing, 3 were fully impacted, and 4 had grade III mobility. The patient underwent general anesthesia for extraction of impacted and mobile teeth, implant surgery, and final impression for prosthesis. Afterwards, CAD/CAM was used to design and manufacture a 10-unit zirconia bridge. However the bridge was fractured after 18 months due to the patient's bruxism and high masticatory force. Final impression taking, bite registration, cast fabrication, cast scanning, and prosthesis designing were not needed as CAD/CAM data remained. Previous CAD/CAM design was used to remanufacture the zirconia bridge. Down syndrome patients have malocclusion, high masticatory force, and parafunctional habits which increase the possibility of prosthesis fracture. CAD/CAM is beneficial for Down syndrome patients as previous digital records can be utilized for prosthesis repair or remake. In detail, application of CAD/CAM in remanufacturing decreases patient's discomfort of impression taking, shortens and simplifies dental laboratory procedures, and reduces clinician's effort of taking detailed final impressions or accurate bite registration. In conclusion, oral rehabilitation using CAD/CAM provides not only satisfactory levels of comfort, stability, and esthetics, but also easier repair or remake compared to conventional prostheses.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2016

Background: We have previously found that intra-peritoneal lidocaine instillation before pneumoperitoneum attenuates pneumoperitoneum-induced hypertension. Whether this procedure alters patient's hemodynamic status during operation should be determined for clinical application. This study elucidated the possible mechanism of the attenuation of the pneumoperitoneum-induced hypertension by intra-peritoneal lidocaine before pneumoperitoneum. Methods: Thirty-four patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were randomly allocated into two groups. After induction of general anesthesia, 200 mL of 0.2% lidocaine (lidocaine group, n=17), or normal saline (control group, n=17) were sub-diaphragmatically instilled 10 minutes before pneumoperitoneum. The changes in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance were compared between the groups. The number of analgesics used during post-operative 24 h was compared. Results: Systolic blood pressure was elevated during pneumoperitoneum in both groups (p<0.01), but the degree of elevation was significantly reduced in the lidocaine group than in the control (p<0.01). However, stroke volume and cardiac output were decreased and systemic vascular resistance was increased after induction of pneumoperitoneum (p<0.05) without statistical difference between two groups. The number of analgesics used was significantly reduced in the lidocaine group (p<0.01). Conclusion: These data suggest that intra-peritoneal lidocaine before pneumoperitoneum does not alter patient's hemodynamics, and attenuation of pneumoperitoneum-induced hypertension may be the consequence of reduced intra-abdominal pain rather than the decrease of cardiac output during pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, intra-peritoneal lidocaine instillation before pneumoperitoneum is a useful method to manage an intraoperative pneumoperitoneum-induced hypertension and to control postoperative pain without severe detrimental hemodynamic effects.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.276-280
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• 2011

BSSRO (bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy) is an effective surgical method for maxillofacial deformities. Rigid fixation using a plate and screws can stabilize bony segments and induce early mouth opening. Though this procedure has a low complication rate, normal function and esthetic recovery is achieved through proper and early management of the complications. Complications consisting of temporomandibular disorders, sensory disturbances due to inferior alveolar nerve damage, open bite, malunion or nonunion, and facial nerve palsy occur, but these rarely develop. Facial nerve palsy causes the muscles involved in facial expression to depress, which results in ocular dryness or retinal damage. When facial nerve palsy develops, early management involving steroid medication and physical therapy is effective. In the case of severe damage, surgical intervention should be considered. A 20-year-male patient came to the oral and maxillofacial surgery department for orthognathic surgery. The mandible was set back by BSSRO under general anesthesia. Facial nerve palsy was observed on the left side of the face: steroid and vitamins were administered early and physical therapy was performed daily. These forms of management can aid in function and allow for gradual esthetic recovery. Presumed causes were excessive soft tissue retraction or soft tissue injury by the osteotome at the horizontal osteotomy of the ramus. Careful dissection, retraction and a precise osteotomy are needed for protection of the facial nerve. If nerve damage is observed, early management can help in the recovery of facial nerve function and esthetics.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2015

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of Congenital heart defects (CHD) with left-to-right shunts, and PAH with increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. General anesthesia (GA) can be life-threatening in patients with PAH, because the positive pressure ventilation during GA increases pulmonary arterial pressure and decreases pulmonary blood flow. This may also lead to hypoxia. Therefore, spontaneous ventilation may be safer than positive pressure ventilation in patients with PAH. A five-year-old male child, weighing 11 kg, with medical history showing a total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) in 2009 and ongoing treatment with hypertension (HTN) medicine since 2007, visited the Dankook University Dental Hospital. He had multiple dental caries, and the treatment was completed under sevoflurane insufflation sedation via nasal cannula. The patient remained sedated throughout the operation while maintaining normal vital signs and spontaneous respiration. In conclusion, sevoflurane insufflation sedation may be a safer alternative to GA for the dental treatment of patients with PAH.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.705-707
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• 2010

Purpose: Tuberculous lymphadenitis constitutes about 30% of all types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Cervical lymphadenitis is the commonest form (70%), followed by axillary and inguinal. But inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis is rare form. Especially isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis was seldom reported. In Korea, that case was not reported. This case emphasizes the need for awareness of tuberculosis as a possible cause of isolated inguinal adenitis. Methods: We experienced one case of isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. We analyzed clinical features, preoperative assessments and method of treatments. Results: A 37-year-old female patient presented with a painless swelling in the left inguinal region of 12 month's duration. There was no history of urethral discharge, dysuria, genital sores, unprotected sexual contacts or trauma. Examination revealed enlarged left inguinal lymph nodes, $2{\times}1\;cm$, non-tender and firm mass. The external iliac, popliteal, right inguinal and other groups of lymph nodes were normal. Serologic tests, urinary tests and chest radiologic test were normal. The excision of mass was performed under the general anesthesia. A excisional biopsy showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis, consistent with tuberculosis. After excision, the primary repair was done and completely healed on postoperative 25 days. Conclusion: The isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis was rare form of inguinal suppurative mass. Although medical management is the principal mode of therapy of tuberculous adenitis and surgery is rarely necessary, we didn't consider the possibility of tuberculous lymphadenitis in our case. A high index of suspicion is essential for a diagnosis of isolated inguinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. Our case emphasizes this importance and illustrates the need for awareness of tuberculosis as a possible cause of isolated inguinal adenitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.373-381
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• 1989

The aim of the present study was to test the efficiency of estrous induction in the premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. The estrus was induced with prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$, estradiol-$17{\beta}$, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) in the treatment A, and with PMSG and HCG in the treatment B. Day 0 was the first day of estrone injection in the treatment A and the day of PMSG injection in the treatment B. Twenty three of the twenty six bitches were laparotomized under general anesthesia between 11 and 18 days after onset of behavioral estrus, whereas three bitches were not laparotomized and remained until parturition. Ovarian responses were evaluated with the total number of corpora lutea or ovulation sites. The uterine horns were flushed with phosphate-buffered saline added heat treated canine serum(10%), the flushing media was collected into watch glass and the ova were examined under stereomicroscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Standing estrus was observed on the day $17.7{\pm}1.5$ after injection of estrone in the treament A, but ovarian responses were not detectable. 2. Standing estrus was observed on the day $12.2{\pm}0.2$ after injection of PMSG in the treament Band 14 of 17 bitches showed ovarian responses. Ova were recovered in 9 of the 14 bitches. 3. Ovarian responses were observed in one of the three premature bitches. two of the three metestrous bitches and all of the 11 anestrous bitches. The average number of the ova collected from 9 bitchs were $12.2{\pm}1.4$. 4. Three bitches in the treament B exhibited behavioural estrus and all of them were mated with fertile male dog, resulting the pregnancy in only one bitch. The pregnant bitch gave the birth of two pups.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of inhalation method using essential oils on the preoperative anxiety of hystrectomy patients, and to provide effective and holistic nursing care to them. The research design was a nonequivalent control group non synchronized design. The data were collected from February 1 to March 31, 2002 at D Medical Center in Busan. The subjects were forty one patients that were operated on under general anesthesia for hystrectomy. They were assigned to two groups, twenty one subjects in the experimental group and twenty subjects in the control group. The tool of the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) was used to anxiety on all patients the day before surgery and the preoperative period. Then systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate levels were measured the day before surgery and the preoperative period. The experimental group received two treatments of inhalation method using essential oils of with lavender, ylang ylang, and bergamot oil. The data were analyzed by the $X^2$ test and the independent t-test. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. Hypothesis 1: It has been supported that the experimental group received inhalation method using essential oils might cause lower level of the preoperative VAS anxiety than that of the control group(t=-2.93, p=.006). 2. Hypothesis 2: It has been rejected that the experimental group received inhalation method using essential oils might cause lower level in the preoperative systolic blood pressure than the control group(t=-.120, p=.905). It has been rejected that the experimental group received inhalation method using essential oils might cause lower level in the preoperative diastolic blood pressure than the control group.(t=1.766, p=.085). 3. Hypothesis 3: It has been supported that the experimental group received inhalation method using essential oils might cause lower level in preoperative pulse rate than the control group(t=5.853, p=.000). According to these results, inhalation method using essential oils can be considered an effective nursing intervention that relieves the preoperative anxiety of hysterectomy patients and stabilizes vital sign partially.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 1991

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low - power laser used in the medical field for various purposes to suppress pain responses evoked by noxious electrical or mechanical stimuli. After both inferior alveolar nerves and the left anterior digastric muscle of cats under general anesthesia were exposed, a recording electrode for the jaw opening reflex was inserted into the anterior digastric muscle. The right inferior alveolar nerve was dissected under a surgical microscope until the response of the functional single nerve could be evoked by the electrical stimulation of the dental pulp or oral mucosa. The electrical stimulus was applied with a rectangular pulse of 10 ms duration for measuring the threshold intensity of a single nerve fiber in the inferior alveolar nerve which responds to stimulation of dental pulp and oral mucosa. Then a pulse of 1 ms duration was applied for determination of conduction velocity. A noxious mechanical stimulus to the oral mucosa was applied by clamping the receptive field with an arterial clamp. The Ga-As diodide laser(wave length, 904 nm ; frequency, 1,000 Hz) was irradiated to the prepared tooth cavity, inferior alveolar nerve and oral mucosa as a pulse wave of 2 mW for 6 minutes. This was followed by a continuous wave of 15 mW for 3 minutes. The action potential of the nerve and EMG of the digastric muscle evoked by the noxious electrical stimulus and nerve response to noxious mechanical stimulus were compared at intervals of before, immediately after, and at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 minutes after laser irradiation. The results were as follows: The conduction velocity of the intrapulpal $A{\delta}$- nerve fiber recorded from the inferior alveolar nerve before irradiation had a mean value of $6.68{\pm}2.07m/sec$. The laser irradiation did not affect the conduction velocity of the AS - nerve fiber and did not change the threshold intensity or amplitude of the action potential either. The EMG of the digastric muscle evoked by noxious electrical stimulation to the tooth was not changed by the laser irradiation, whether in latency, threshold intensity or amplitude. The laser irradiated to the receptive field of the oral mucosa which was subjected to noxious stimuli did not affect the amplitude of the action potential or the frequency either.