• BMB Reports
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2012

Oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, is commonly present in several medicinal plants but its anticoagulant activities have not been studied. Here, the anticoagulant properties of OA were determined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrin polymerization as well as cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa) generation activities. Data showed OA prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited thrombin catalyzed fibrin polymerization. In addition, OA inhibited the activities of thrombin and FXa and inhibited the generation of thrombin or FXa in human endothelial cells. OA also inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced tissue factor expression on human endothelial cells. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, OA showed an anticoagulant effect in vivo. These results indicate that OA possesses antithrombotic activities and suggest that daily consumption of a herb containing OA may be preventing thrombosis in pathological states.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate three different mixed formulations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using a low-humidity air flow-induced rat dry eye model and determine the most suitable mixture. The total thickness of the cornea, corneal epithelial thickness, corneal stroma thickness, damaged corneal epithelium percentage region, thickness of the bulbar conjunctiva epithelium, number of goblet cells, goblet cell occupation percentage region, and damaged bulbar conjunctiva epithelium percentage region were measured by histomorphological evaluation. After 5 h exposure to drying airflow, the thickness of the cornea and conjunctiva was decreased with desquamation of the corneal and conjunctiva epithelium. However, these dry eye symptoms were markedly inhibited by treatment with the reference and test formulations. More favorable effects on decreased thickness were detected in response to the CMC than the SH. However, SH had a greater protective effect against corneal and conjunctiva epithelial damage. The application of a mixture of 0.1% SH and 0.2% CMC showed more favorable effects on the corneal and conjunctival damage and the stabilization of the ocular surface than SH or CMC alone.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.132-141
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• 1999

자운고가(紫雲膏加) 금은화(金銀花)가 창상치유과정(創傷治愈過程)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 살펴보고자 혈청중(血淸中)의 Leukocyte, CRP, Cortisol의 변화 및 상처크기의 축소율(縮小率)을 실험(實驗)한 결과 백혈구의 변화에서는 Sample II 가 Control에 비해 감소(減少)의 유의성을 나타내었고 CRP함량(含量)의 변화에서는 뚜렷한 유의성을 나타내지 못하였고 Cortisol함량(含量)의 변화에서는 Sample II 가 Control에 비해 감소(減少)의 유의성을 나타내었지만 Sample III와 비교시에는 Sample III의 감소(減少)의 유의성이 높게 나타났다. 상처(喪妻)의 축소율(縮小率)은 실험 10일과 15일째 Control에 비해 유의성이 인정(認定)되었다. 이상(以上)을 살펴볼 때 자운고가(紫雲膏加) 금은화(金銀花)가 창상치료(創傷治療)에 대해 효과적(效果的)이며 약재(藥材)로서의 효능을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있으나 자운고(紫雲膏)와 비교하였을 때는 금은화(金銀花)의 첨가가 창상치료(創傷治療)애 크게 유의성있는 변화를 나타내지 못하였지만 자운고(紫雲膏)의 단독(單獨) 투여(投與)시보다는 나은 효과를 나타내었으며 앞으로 한방(韓方) 연고(軟膏)의 개발을 위하여 더 많은 연구(硏究)가 필요할 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2015

Cyclopia subternata is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to relieve pain. Here, the anticoagulant effects of scolymoside, an active compound in C. subternata, were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). The effects of scolymoside on plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression were evaluated in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-activated human endothelial cells. Treatment with scolymoside resulted in prolonged aPTT and PT and the inhibition of thrombin and FXa activities and production. In addition, scolymoside inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. Scolymoside also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice, including a significant reduction in the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, these findings indicate that scolymoside possesses anticoagulant activities and could be developed as a novel anticoagulant.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

Oxytocin(OT), classically known to stimulate labour and milk ejection, contributes to play an important role in a wide range of behavioral effects including drug addiction. An increasing body of evidence suggests that OT ameliorates acute and long-term effects of commonly used drugs by means of interacting with the mesolimbic dopamine system. Mesolimbic dopamine system is thought to play a major role in the reinforcing properties of drug abuse. Oxytocin receptors in the nucleus accumbens(NAc) and ventral tegmental area(VTA) have been implicated in the regulation of reinforcing effects in abused drugs. In the same way acupuncture may attenuate the reinforcing effects of abused drugs in the NAc and VTA. We have an interest in similar liaison between the substrates of acupuncture and drug addiction that may involve OT. Here, we described the possibility that acupuncture modulates the reinforcing and sensitizing properties of abused drugs in the dopaminergic system via the regulation of activities in the oxytocinergic system. The elements in this paper are summarized as follows : neuroanatomical studies of oxytocinergic innervation and distribution of oxytocin receptors; experiments related to the methamphetamine, cocaine, morphine and ethanol; experiments related to the oxytocin and acupuncture.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2011

In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes in the density of colonic endocrine cells - argyrophil and argentaffin cells, chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin and glucagon-containing cells in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis. Ulcerative colitis was induced by the instillation of 10 mg of TNBS into the colonic lumen through the anus. To confirm the inducement of ulcerative colitis, the macroscopic and microscopic scores as well as the colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were monitored for 8 days after TNBS instillation in the colonic lumens. In addition, the number of argyrophil and argentaffin cells, CGA, serotonin, somatostatin and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were counted in the colonic mucosa, respectively. After TNBS instillation into the lumen of the colon from the anus in rats, increases in macroscopic and microscopic scores in the colon tissues were observed along with increases in the colonic MPO activities. Therefore, ulcerative colitis was relatively well induced by the TNBS instillations. Marked decreases in the number of colonic endocrine cells were detected in the TNBS-treated animal compared to the sham control. These results suggest that colonic endocrine cells were also disrupted by TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze an effect of medical Qigong therapy using Dong Chu Chim (DCC) which was invented by "Dongchu Han Medicine Institute", by measuring HRV. We compared effects of DCC with non-treatment, filiform acupuncture and filiform acupuncture with natural abdominal breathing. Methods : 1. The authors stimulated Nogung (PC8) of 26 normal adults by using DCC or filiform acupuncture in turn. 2. The natural abdominal breathing has been carried comfortably with consciousness in the lower abdomen. 3. HRV was measured for 5 minutes, three times (pre-treatment, during-treatment and post-treatment). Results and Conclusions : From this study, it seems that the stimulus of DCC, filiform acupuncture, filiform acupuncture with natural abdominal breathing can all affect the autonomic nervous system and control the balance of that. But there were not significant differences between these stimulus groups and the non-treatment group. Therefore, we suggest additional studies about the effect of DCC in the future.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the curriculum of the medical humanities and social medicine at 11 Colleges of Korean Medicine (CKM) based on the Korean Medicine Education Accreditation Standards 2021 (KAS2021) and suggest ways to improve the quality of Korean Medical education in the future. Methods: The curricula for each grade were collected from the websites of 11 CKM. Based on KAS2021, medical humanities and social medicine courses were extracted and compiled. Courses offered, frequency of course offerings, time of offerings, credits, and course hours were investigated. Results: Courses in languages and literature were most frequently offered in CKM. Most medical humanities and social medicine courses were offered in the pre-medical program and the fourth year of the medical program and were conducted as individual courses. Developing a curriculum that integrates conceptual definitions of the medical humanities and social medicine with basic and clinical studies is necessary. Conclusion: Eleven CKM should reorganize and operate their medical humanities and social medicine curricula based on each college's circumstances. This will allow each college to improve the quality of its educational offerings, creating a foundation for fostering excellent korean medicine doctors with professional medical skills and communication skills.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare mastoid air cell volumes in patients with or without a pneumatized articular tubercle (PAT) on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: The CBCT images of 224 patients were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of PAT. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data of 30 patients with PAT and 30 individuals without PAT were transferred to 3D Doctor Software. Mastoid air cell volumes were measured using semi-automatic segmentation on axial sections. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The patients with PAT and those without PAT had a mean mastoid volume of 6.31±2.86 cm³ and 3.25±1.99 cm³, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in mastoid air cell volumes between patients with and without PAT regardless of sex and mastoid air cell side (P<0.05). Conclusion: The detection of PAT on routine dental radiographic examinations might be a potential prognostic factor that could be used to detect extensive pneumatization in the temporal bone. Clinicians should be aware that there may be widespread pneumatization of mastoid air cells in patients in whom PAT is detected. Advanced imaging should be performed in these cases, and possible complications due to surgical interventions should be considered.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) on proliferation, migration, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The proliferation and migration of BMSCs were examined after treatment with CMC. The effect of CMC on the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, was also evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the proliferation assay, no significant changes were found at all CMC concentrations compared with controls. The migration assay showed that CMC dose-dependently stimulated the migration of BMSCs in normal and LPS-treated conditions. RT-PCR showed that TNF-α and IL-10 expressions were suppressed in the BMSCs after CMC treatment. However, other genes were not affected. Taken together, CMC promoted BMSC migration and inhibited TNF-α and IL-10. Therefore, CMC may be possible to regulate wound healing when mesenchymal stem cells are applied in inflammatory diseases.