• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.449-461
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• 1997

Anatomical terms is very important for the whole medical area. In the past, medical student have confused with the anatomical terms which were base on Japanish-Chinese. So they have to be made easily for reading and learning. Fortunately the anatomical terms in Korean had completely made through the fourth edition. According to the oriental law and customs human dissection was prohibited, therefore human anatomy naturally undeveloped. In this study, on the view of the Korean terms carried out the comparison between oriental and western anatomical terms in osteology and splanchnology. The oriental anatomical terms expressed with only looking at and touching the part of the human body. The gross structure of the osteology, is similar to oriental and western medicine but there's no detailed nomenclature of the bone. Instead of it, they expressed connection to acupuncture point or disease in the human body. So it's difficult to find out the anatomical terms of the splanchnology like recent ones.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.601-607
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• 1999

The human body consists of the twelve main meridians and the eight extra meridians including Dogmaek-Gyeong and Immaek-Gyeong. This study is on twenty-eight acupuncture points Dogmaek-Gyeong and twenty-four acupuncture points Immaek-Gyeong among the eight extra meridians. It is very important to know the accurate acupuncture points, which is the fundamental subject in the Oriental Medicine. From now on they have expressed in Chinese letters and old anatomical terms, acupuncture points are difficult and confused to learn. In order to understand acupuncture points easily, they are translated into Korean anatomical terms focused on osteology in this study. Dogmaek-Gyeong is the meridian of this vessel run along the posterior meridian line of the body. The boundary commences at the coccyx, mounts the length of the vertebral column, contours the skull of the vertex along the philtrum to terminate upon the upper gum. It has twenty-eight acupuncture points. Immaek-Gyeong is the meridian of this vessel run along the anterior meridian line of the body. The boundary commences at the perineum mounts the pubic symphysis along the umbilicus, mandible and the terminates at concave of the lower lip. It has twenty-four acupuncture points.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2024

The origin and distribution of median nerve varies among the different individuals. The median nerve variations in axillary region were reported by many authors previously. Understanding of these variations is especially necessary for clinicians to prevent iatrogenic nerve damage. The current work aimed to evaluate the possible anatomical variations of median nerve in the axillary region in a sample of the Iranian cadavers (Shiraz, Fars). We dissected 26 upper limbs from 13 male cadavers to investigate the different variations of median and musculocutaneous nerves according to Venieratos and Anagnostopoulou classification. In 23.07% of specimens (n=6), the medial root united with 2 lateral roots and formed the median nerve proximal to the coracobrachialis muscle. In one case, a communicating branch separated from the musculocutaneous nerve distal to the coracobrachialis and connected to the median nerve in upper arm. Our results suggest that there are anatomical variations of the median nerve in terms of its origin and its communication with the musculocutaneous nerve in the population of southern Iran. The anatomical knowledge of the median nerve variations is important for clinicians to improve patient health outcome. Theses variations of the median nerve should be considered during surgical procedures of the axillary region and nerve block of the infra clavicular part of the brachial plexus.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 2012

Acanthopanax species are well known medicinal plants in Korea for their adaptogenic efficacy. Regarding to the botanical classification of Acanthopanax koreanum, an indigenous species in Jeju island of Korea, it has been classified as different species of Acanthopanax genus. However, the morphological characteristics of A. koreanum are very similar with other Acanthopanax species, especially with A. gracilistylus. In order to provide further classification information among these botanically related species, microscopic and morphological studies on these Acanthopanax species were performed. In this result, it has been found that A. koreanum is similar to A. gracilistylus in terms of anatomical observation and was distinguished from A. sieboldianus by their morphological and anatomical differences.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.105-113
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• 2012

Objectives : Acquiring information from symptoms is one of the important method to gain clinically available information in korean medicine. Therefore, up to now, study of symptom terms was frequently implemented in promotion of various information project. In data extraction methods using symptom information from DB, information search using synonym and method using ontology is studied and utilized. However, considering concept of symptom has essential information of appeared body area and phenomenon we think that extending synonym and ontology relationship in symptom terms can be useful for search and set to this study. Methods : We collect terms relevant to human body area and structure described in Donguibogam. Synonymous relationship between collected terms is organized. Relationship between collected terms is build to human-body-knowledge table which has form of Concept+Relation+Concept. Type of relationship is limited on a range of expressing content about parts of human body. Result & Conclusion : Search condition is generated automatically using relationship of the upper area in knowledge table contents. Information of next and previous acupuncture point, upper and lower acupuncture point, left and right acupuncture point can be searched using information of acupuncture point location, order, relative position in area, direction in knowledge table contents.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.191-203
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• 2024

Persimmon wood (Diospyros kaki) is a seasonal fruit-producing plant with a beautiful dark pattern in its wood that is suitable for high-quality furniture, sculptures and musical instruments. The utilization of persimmon wood can be improved by determining its anatomical characteristics, such as juvenile and mature wood. This study aimed to determine the boundaries between juvenile and mature wood and observe the anatomical properties of juvenile and mature wood and their variations in the axial direction. Three 30-year-old persimmon (D. kaki) trees grown in Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia, were used in this study. The boundary between juvenile and mature wood was determined by measuring the fiber length and vessel element length from near the pith to near the bark. Anatomical observations were conducted in the juvenile and mature wood areas. The results showed that the average boundaries between juvenile and mature wood were 44.11 mm from the pith and were not significantly different in the axial direction of the trees. Furthermore, the wood anatomy categories of juvenile and mature wood differed significantly in terms of fiber diameter, fiber proportion, vessel proportion, and axial parenchyma proportion. In the axial direction, vessel diameter, ray parenchyma frequency, and ray parenchyma proportion at the base, middle, and top of the tree were significantly different.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Purpose: In surgical treatment of the medial orbital wall fractures, restoring the original position of the orbital wall is difficult in some cases. Under such condition, the orbital wall is often reconstructed with synthetic material, without bony reduction, which is considered to be the conventional reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of anatomical reconstruction, which restores the bony wall to the anatomical position, from that of the conventional reduction in the isolated medial orbital wall fractures. Methods: Thirty patients, who underwent reconstruction surgery for the isolated medial orbital wall fractures from March 2007 to August 2011, were reviewed retrospectively. The surgical outcomes of two groups, the conventional reconstruction group (15 patients) and the anatomical reconstruction group (15 patients), were studied in 2 measurements, a one day before and 6 months after the surgery. The changes of orbital volume were calculated by the images from a computed tomography scan and enophthalmos was measured by a Hertel exophthalmometer. Results: The orbital volume ratio was decreased by an average of 1.05% in the conventional reconstruction group, while in the anatomical reconstruction group, the ratio decreased by 5.90% (p<0.05). The changes in the Hertel scale were 0.20 mm in the conventional reconstruction group, and 0.70 mm in the anatomical reconstruction group. However, the difference in the Hertel scale was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the anatomical reconstruction technique of the isolated medial orbital wall fracture results in a better outcome than that of the conventional reconstruction, in terms of restoring of the original orbital volume and anatomic position. Thus, it can be considered as a useful method for the isolated medial orbital wall fractures.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.137-153
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• 2003

The Oriental Medicine is described with so many terms of its own theory causing misunderstand of the concept which is expressed with same term used in modern medicine. Muscular system is also used in the both medicines, the Oriental Medicine and modern medicine. For the purpose of resolving the misunderstand of using the medical terms, we referred to a large number of literature for the muscular system in both medicine. Although there are few references concerning about systematic components in the Oriental Medicine, among the concepts of the Oriental Medicine, there are comparatively many approaches to the Meridian muscular system, a muscular system related with the Meridian, Therefore, there are many similarities and differences in the interrelation between the muscular system which was stated at the time of the concept of the Meridian system was developed and anatomical muscular system in the modern medicine. As a result of survey the references, we found out that anatomical muscular system is limited to visual compartments, whereas the Meridian muscular system is covering not only visual components but also the relation with internal organs. We conclude that there are conceptual differences in the kyung-keun system in the past and anatomical muscular system in the present.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2020

Objective: The present study investigated sperm chromatin quality and testosterone levels in acrylamide-treated mice and the possible protective effects of vitamin E on the fertility potential of spermatozoa. Methods: Thirty-two adult male mice were divided equally into four groups. Group 1 was the control, group 2 received acrylamide (10 mg/kg, water solution), group 3 received vitamin E (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and group 4 received both acrylamide and vitamin E. After 35 days, spermatozoa from the right cauda epididymis were analyzed in terms of count, motility, morphology, and viability. Sperm DNA integrity and chromatin condensation were assessed by acridine orange (AO), aniline blue (AB), toluidine blue (TB), and chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining. Results: In acrylamide-treated mice, significantly lower sperm concentration, viability, motility, and testosterone levels were found in comparison with the control and acrylamide+vitamin E groups (p< 0.05). In the vitamin E group, significantly more favorable sperm parameters and testosterone levels were found than in the other groups (p< 0.05). There were also significantly more spermatozoa with less condensed chromatin in the acrylamide-treated mice than in the other groups. Moreover, significantly more spermatozoa with mature nuclei (assessed by AB, CMA3, AO, and TB staining) were present in the vitamin E group than in the control and acrylamide+vitamin E groups. Conclusion: This study revealed the deleterious effects of acrylamide on sperm parameters and sperm chromatin quality. Vitamin E can not only compensate for the toxic effects of acrylamide, but also improve sperm chromatin quality in mice.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.517-524
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• 2018

This study using a method different from those employed previously, the anatomical characteristics of paper-mulberry wood were confirmed by observing three different sections. In addition, the factors affecting the pulp and papermaking processes were analyzed in terms of morphological properties such as the fiber length and width, lumen width, and chemical composition of the paper-mulberry bast fiber. The anatomical characteristics of the paper-mulberry wood were a ring porous or semi-ring porous structure with the vessels showing solitary pore and radial array. The medullary ray of the tangential section showed 1-3 rows and common helical thickening. Consequently, the paper-mulberry wood has the same anatomical characteristics throughout. The morphological characteristics of the paper-mulberry bast fiber are a fiber length of 6.58 to 9.01 mm, fiber width of 15.85 to $27.80{\mu}m$, lumen width of 4.50 to $12.54{\mu}m$. The D sample of Gangwon was the most suitable for the pulp and papermaking processes, in terms of its derived morphological ratios. Comparing the chemical compositions, the C sample of Gyeongsang had a high holocellulose content (90%). Thus, the findings herein will aid in determining the quality of Korean paper post production.