• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.278-283
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• 2016

Objectives: The maxillary sinus mucosa is reported to recover to preoperative sterility after sinus floor elevation. However, when drainage of maxillary sinus is impaired, recovery can be delayed and maxillary sinusitis can occur. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the correlations between anatomic variants that can interrupt the ostium of the maxillary sinus and incidence of complication after sinus lifting. Materials and Methods: The subjects are 81 patients who underwent sinus lifting in Wonkwang University Dental Hospital (Iksan, Korea). Computed tomography (CT) images of the subjects were reviewed for presence of nasal septum deviation, anatomic variants of the middle turbinate, and Haller cells. Correlations between anatomic variations and occurrence of maxillary sinusitis were statistically analyzed. Results: Patients with anatomic variants of ostio-meatal units, such as deviated nasal septum, concha bullosa or paradoxical curvature of the middle turbinate, or Haller cells, showed a higher rate of complication. However, only presence of Haller cell showed statistically significant. Conclusion: Before sinus lifting, CT images are recommended to detect anatomic variants of the ostio-meatal complex. If disadvantageous anatomic variants are detected, the use of nasal decongestants should be considered to reduce the risk of postoperative sinusitis.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2015

In general, the long head of the biceps brachii originates from the superior glenoid labrum and the supraglenoid tubercle, crosses the rotator cuff interval, and extends into the bicipital groove. However, rare anatomic variations of the origins of the long head have been reported in the past. In this report, we review the clinical history, radiologic findings, and arthroscopic identifications of 3 anatomic variants of the biceps tendon long head. As the detection of long head of biceps tendon pathology during preoperative radiologic assessment can be difficult without prior knowledge, surgeons should be aware of such possible anatomic variations.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1995

The anatomic course of recurrent laryngeal nerve, its branch and its function were most significant for laryngeal, thyroid and tracheoesophageal surgery. Furthermore, the vocal cord palsy resulting from multi-etiology was serious complication and resulted in affecting the life quality. So, for the prevention of this complication, the concepts and knowledge about anatomic course and variants are very important. At now, most of anatomic courses and it's function has been identified precisely. But recently, the report about the anastomotic loops of both recurrent laryngeal nerve was published. In this study, we explored three cadevors for identifying the reality of the anastomotic loops between recurrent laryngeal nerves. Finally, we identified the cervicomediastinal anastomosis at tracheoesophageal groove in 2 of 3 cadevors that was confirmed by pathologic finding. This anatomic reliefs related to it's branch are extremely interest, although research is still in its initial phase. Our study will be extended toward histomorphometrical study and progressive electrophysiologic study, and we will be able io gather the largest amount of useful data regarding any possible use of this anatomic entity in future.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 2005

Purpose: Acute traumatic peroneal tendon dislocation is relatively rare disease and their methods of treatment is controversial, that we want to assess the characters and outcomes of 8 patients with early surgical treatments. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the results of 8 patients who can follow up more than 28 months using sex, age, side, injury sports, concomitant injuries, Eckert and Davis classifications, anatomic variants, results and complications. Results: All of 8 patients was male, average age was 27, Right side was dominant (5/8), causal sports was variable. Concomitant injuries were distal tibiofibular ligament syndesmosis injury, Peroneus longus injury, lateral collateral ligament injury. On behalf of Eckert and Davis classifications 5 patients were Grade 1 and other 3 patients were Grade 2. 1 case of low lying peroneus brevis belly was found as an anatomic variants. 6 of patients shown excellent results, 2 patients were good. Post operative complications were discomfort of operation site and mild limited dorsiflexion on ankle joint. Conclusion: Careful history and physical exam is important for diagnosis. And surgical treatments can expect good results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.468-473
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• 2024

Superficial radial neuropathy is a purely sensory neuropathy, usually caused by nerve entrapment in the distal forearm. We report a case of superficial radial neuropathy caused by the anomalous course of the superficial radial nerve, which was found to be spirally encircling the brachioradialis tendon in the distal forearm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an anatomical variant of the superficial radial nerve that causes neuropathy.

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.183-187
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• 2009

Labral lesions and anatomic variants have been studied by several authors in the last decade. Buford complex and sublabral recess and foramen are most common variants. Their recognition is important in order to distinguish them from superior and anterior labral tear. We report rare normal variant of biceps anchor and superior labrum that was observed during arthroscopic surgery for SLAP lesion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.90-95
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• 2019

Objective : Anomalous muscles of the wrist are infrequently encountered during carpal tunnel surgery. Anatomic variants of the palmaris longus (PL), flexor digitorum superficialis, lumbricalis and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) have been reported but are usually clinically insignificant. Anomalies of the wrist muscles, encountered during endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery have rarely been described. I conducted this study to evaluate muscular anomalies of the volar aspect of the wrist, encountered during endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery. Methods : I studied a consecutive series of 1235 hands in 809 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who underwent single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) from 2002 to 2014. Nine hundred seventy-three hands in 644 patients who had minimal 6-month postoperative follow-up were included in the study. The postoperative surgical outcome was assessed at least 6 months after surgery. Results : In eight patients, anomalous muscles were found under the antebrachial fascia at the proximal wrist crease and superficial to the ulnar bursa, passing superficial to the transverse carpal ligament. Those anomalous muscles were presumed to be variants of the PL or accessory ADM muscle, necessitating splitting and retraction to enter the carpal tunnel during the ECTR procedure. Other muscle anomalies were not seen within the carpal tunnel on the endoscopic view. The surgical outcome for all eight wrists was successful at the 6-month postoperative follow-up. Conclusion : Carpal tunnel surgeons, especially those using an endoscope should be familiar with unusual findings of anomalous muscles of the wrist because early recognition of those muscles can contribute to avoiding unnecessary surgical exploration and unsuccessful surgical outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1140-1146
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• 2018

Objective: To compare the spinal enumeration methods that establish the first lumbar vertebra in patients with spinal variants. Materials and Methods: Of the 1446 consecutive patients who had undergone computed tomography of the spine from March 2012 to July 2016, 100 patients (62 men, 38 women; mean age, 47.9 years; age range, 19-88 years) with spinal variants were included. Two radiologists (readers 1 and 2) established the first lumbar vertebra through morphologic analysis of the thoracolumbar junction, and labeled the vertebra by counting in a cranial-to-caudal manner. Inter-observer agreement was established. Additionally, reader 1 detected the 20th vertebra under the assumption that there are 12 thoracic vertebra, and then classified it as a thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebra, or thoracolumbar transitional vertebra (TLTV), on the basis of morphologic analysis. Results: The first lumbar vertebra, as established by morphologic analysis, was labeled by each reader as the 21st segment in 65.0% of the patients, as the 20th segment in 31.0%, and as the 19th segment in 4.0%. Inter-observer agreement between the two readers in determining the first lumbar vertebra, based on morphologic analysis, was nearly perfect (${\kappa}$ value: 1.00). The 20th vertebra was morphologically classified as a TLTV in 60.0% of the patients, as the first lumbar segment in 31.0%, as the second lumbar segment in 4.0%, and as a thoracic segment in 5.0%. Conclusion: The establishment of the first lumbar vertebra using morphologic characteristics of the thoracolumbar junction in patients with spinal variants was consistent with the morphologic traits of vertebral segmentation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.474-478
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• 2018

While the success or failure of carpal tunnel release ultimately depends on the interplay of a wide array of factors, a broad understanding of the normal anatomy of the carpal tunnel accompanied by awareness of the possible variations of the individual structures that make up its contents is crucial to optimizing surgical outcomes. While anatomic variants such as extension of the flexor digitorum muscle bellies have been described as a cause of primary carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), there have been no reports depicting its association with recurrent CTS following initially successful carpal tunnel release, a finding with potentially significant prognostic implications that can aid in operative planning. In such cases where muscle extension is identified preoperatively, careful debulking of the muscle belly may be beneficial in improving long-term surgical outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 2021

Sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles are normal anatomic variants with varying morphological appearances and incidences. They are usually small osseous fragments with well-corticated margins located adjacent to the joint space and bone. Patients with sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles are usually asymptomatic and commonly encountered in clinical practice. These sesamoids and accessory bones are occasionally painful because of fractures, dislocations, degenerative changes, avascular necrosis, accessory bone infections, or abnormalities of the adjacent tissue, such as nerve entrapment, tenosynovitis, or soft tissue impingement. This article aimed to illustrate the imaging features of symptomatic sesamoids bones and accessory ossicles at various anatomic locations and describe their clinical features and radiological differential diagnosis.