• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.853-871
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• 2015

Up to now, Japan has more than 200 corrugated steel web composite beam bridges which are under construction and have been constructed, and China has more than 30 corrugated steel web composite beam bridges. The bridge type includes the simply supported beam, continuous beam, continuous rigid frame and cable stayed bridge etc. The section form has developed to the single box and multi-cell box girder from the original single box and single chamber. From the stress performance and cost saving, the span range of 50~150 m is the most competitive. At present, the design mostly adopts the computational analytical method combining the spatial bar system model, plane beam grillage model and solid model. However, the spatial bar system model is short of the refinement analysis on the space effect, such as the shear lag effect, effective distribution width problem, and eccentric load factor problem etc. Due to the similarity of the plane beam grillage method in the equivalence principle, it cannot accurately reflect the shearing stress distribution and local stress of the top and bottom plates of the box type composite beam. The solid model is very difficult to combine with the overall calculation. Moreover, the spatial grid model can achieve the refinement analysis, with the integrity of the analysis and the comprehensiveness of the stress checking calculation, and can make up the deficiency of the analytical method currently. Through the example verification of the solid model and spatial grid model, it can be seen that the calculation results for the stress and the displacement of two models are almost consistent, indicating the applicability and precision of the spatial grid model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권5호
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• pp.635-655
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• 2020

The sag effect of long stay cables is one of the key factors restricting further increase in the span of cable-stayed bridges. Based on the formerly proposed concept of long stay cables lifted by an auxiliary suspension cable in cross-strait cable-stayed bridges, corresponding static approximate calculations and analytical theory based on catenary and parabolic cable configurations are established. Taking a main span 1400 m cable-stayed bridge as the research object, three typical lifting conditions and the whole process of auxiliary cable lifting are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the sag effect is effectively reduced. The support efficiency is only improved when the cables are lifted above the original cable chord. Reduction of the horizontal component force of the cable is limited. The equivalent elastic modulus and the vertical support stiffness of the lifted cables are significantly increased with increased horizontal projection length and not sensitive to the change of the lifting point position. The scheme of lifting the cable to the chord midpoint is more economical because of the less steel required for the auxiliary suspension cable, but its effect on improving the vertical support efficiency is limited. The support efficiency is better when the cable is lifted to the cable end tangential to the original cable chord, but the lifting force and the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary suspension cable are doubled. The approximate calculation results of the lifted cables are very close to the numerical analysis results, which verifies the applicability of the approximation method proposed in this study. The results of parabolic approximation calculations are approximately equal to that of catenary cable geometry. As the parabolic approximation analysis theory of lifted cables is more convenient in mathematical processing, it is feasible to use parabolic approximation analysis theory as the analytical method for the conceptual design of lifted cables of super-long span cable-stayed bridges.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.481-492
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• 2020

To study the rail mapped deformation caused by the pier settlement of simply - supported bridges with China Railway Track System III (CRTS III) slab ballastless track (SBT) system under the mode of non-longitudinal connection ballastless track slab, this study derived an analytical solution to the mapped relationships between pier settlement and rail deformation based on the interlayer interaction mechanism of rail-pier and principle of stationary potential energy. The analytical calculation results were compared with the numerical results obtained by ANSYS finite element calculation, thus verifying the accuracy of analytical method. A parameter analysis was conducted on the key factors in rail mapped deformation such as pier settlement, fastener stiffness, and self-compacting concrete (SCC) stiffness of filling layer. The results indicate that rail deformation is approximately proportional to pier settlement. The smaller the fastener stiffness, the smoother the rail deformation curve and the longer the rail deformation area is. With the increase in the stiffness of SCC filling layer, the maximum positive deformation of rail gradually decreases, and the maximum negative deformation gradually increases. The deformation of rail caused by the pier settlement of common-span bridge structures will generate low-frequency excitation on high-speed trains.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.525-533
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• 2012

겨울철동안 쌓여 봄에 놓은 눈 녹은 물(snowmelt), 즉 융설의 유출은 북반구 및 산간지역에서 매우 중요한 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 이러한 지역에서 융설로 인한 유동 및 이온의 이동에 대한 이해는 매우 중요하며 전세계적으로 꾸준하게 연구되고 있다. Lee et al. (2008a)와 Lee et al. (2008b)연구에서는 대기로부터 수송된 이온 및 오염원이 융설에 의해 눈속을 이동하는 것을 모사하기 위한 Mobile-Immobile water Model (MIM)을 개발하였다. 이 연구에 사용된 모델을 검증하기 위해서 물질수지계산(mass balance calculation) 및 해석해(analytical solution)를 이용한 모델결과와의 비교를 수행하였다. 일정시간동안 눈 속에서의 물질의 질량변화는 눈 표면에서 들어온 물질과 눈 기저부에서 빠져나간 물질의 질량 차이와 같아야한다는 사실을 이용하여 물질수지를 계산하였다. 파면(wave front)의 이동속도 및 기존문헌에서 알려진 해석 해를 이용하여 모델결과와의 비교도 시도하였다. 모델의 물질수지계산결과 질량 차이가 거의 발생하지 않았으며 모델결과와 해석해와의 비교 역시 두 결과가 거의 일치하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2017

발하중을 받는 구조물의 거동을 연구하기 위해서는 폭발물에 의한 하중을 정확히 산정하는 것이 중요하며 실내폭발의 폭발하중의 경우에는 특히 그러하다. 반사효과를 포함하는 실내폭발의 폭발하중 산정방법으로는 전산유체역학을 기반으로 한 수치해석적 방법이 비교적 정확한 폭발하중을 산정할 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 하지만 수치해석적 방법은 해석모델링이 어렵고 해석에 많은 시간이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실내폭발에서 고려되어야 하는 여러 효과 중 대표적인 반사효과를 간단히 반영할 수 있는 해석적 폭발하중 산정방법을 연구하였다. 대상 구조물은 큰 인명피해와 연쇄붕괴를 일으킬 수 있는 실내폭발하중을 받는 주거시설의 슬래브로 설정하였다. 우선 수치해석적 방법을 이용해 실내폭발 효과와 탄성체로 가정한 슬래브의 최대 처짐을 알아보고, 이를 본 연구에서 제안하는 해석적 방법과 비교를 하였다. 제안된 해석적 방법에서는 보 이론을 적용한 반사효과의 가중치를 결정함으로써 보다 정확한 폭발하중 산정방법이 되도록 하였다.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2019

One of the efficient and useful tools to achieve the optimal design of structures is employing the sensitivity analysis in the finite element model. In the numerical optimization process, often the semi-analytical method is used for estimation of derivatives of the objective function with respect to design variables. Numerical methods for calculation of sensitivities are susceptible to the step size in design parameters perturbation and this is one of the great disadvantages of these methods. This article uses complex variables method to calculate the sensitivity analysis and combine it with discrete sensitivity analysis. Finally, it provides a new method to obtain the sensitivity analysis for linear structures. The use of complex variables method for sensitivity analysis has several advantages compared to other numerical methods. Implementing the finite element to calculate first derivatives of sensitivity using this method has no complexity and only requires the change in finite element meshing in the imaginary axis. This means that the real value of coordinates does not change. Second, this method has the lower dependency on the step size. In this research, the process of sensitivity analysis calculation using a finite element model based on complex variables is explained for linear problems, and some examples that have known analytical solution are solved. Results obtained by using the presented method in comparison with exact solution and also finite difference method indicate the excellent efficiency of the proposed method, and it can predict the sustainable and accurate results with the several different step sizes, despite low dependence on step size.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.151-166
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• 2019

This paper introduces a new efficient analytical method, based on shear deformations obtained with 2D elasticity theory approach, to perform an explicit closed-form solution for calculation the interfacial shear and normal stresses in plated RC beam. The materials of plate, necessary for the reinforcement of the beam, are in general made with fiber reinforced polymers (Carbon or Glass) or steel. The experimental tests showed that at the ends of the plate, high shear and normal stresses are developed, consequently a debonding phenomenon at this position produce a sudden failure of the soffit plate. The interfacial stresses play a significant role in understanding this premature debonding failure of such repaired structures. In order to efficiently model the calculation of the interfacial stresses we have integrated the effect of shear deformations using the equilibrium equations of the elasticity. The approach of this method includes stress-strain and strain-displacement relationships for the adhesive and adherends. The use of the stresses continuity conditions at interfaces between the adhesive and adherents, results pair of second-order and fourth-order coupled ordinary differential equations. The analytical solution for this coupled differential equations give new explicit closed-form solution including shear deformations effects. This new solution is indented for applications of all plated beam. Finally, numerical results obtained with this method are in agreement of the existing solutions and the experimental results.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2021

Purpose: The Halcyon radiotherapy platform at Groote Schuur Hospital was delivered with a factory-configured analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) beam model for dose calculation. In a recent system upgrade, the Acuros XB (AXB) algorithm was installed. Both algorithms adopt fundamentally different approaches to dose calculation. This study aimed to compare the dose distributions of cervical carcinoma RapidArc plans calculated using both algorithms. Methods: A total of 15 plans previously calculated using the AAA were retrieved and recalculated using the AXB algorithm. Comparisons were performed using the planning target volume (PTV) maximum (max) and minimum (min) doses, D95%, D98%, D50%, D2%, homogeneity index (HI), and conformity index (CI). The mean and max doses and D2% were compared for the bladder, bowel, and femoral heads. Results: The AAA calculated slightly higher targets, D98%, D95%, D50%, and CI, than the AXB algorithm (44.49 Gy vs. 44.32 Gy, P=0.129; 44.87 Gy vs. 44.70 Gy, P=0.089; 46.00 Gy vs. 45.98 Gy, P=0.154; and 0.51 vs. 0.50, P=0.200, respectively). For target min dose, D2%, max dose, and HI, the AAA scored lower than the AXB algorithm (41.24 Gy vs. 41.30 Gy, P=0.902; 47.34 Gy vs. 47.75 Gy, P<0.001; 48.62 Gy vs. 50.14 Gy, P<0.001; and 0.06 vs. 0.07, P=0.002, respectively). For bladder, bowel, and left and right femurs, the AAA calculated higher mean and max doses. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were observed for PTV D2%, max dose, HI, and bowel max dose (P>0.05).

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

A simple analytical model has been presented for the study of the optical bistability using a $GaAs-Al_{0.32}Ga_{0.68}As$ multiple quantum well (MQW) p-i-n diode structure. The calculation of the optical absorption is based on a semi-emperical model which is accurately valid for a range of wells between 5 and 20 nm and the electric field F< 200kV/cm . The electric field dependent analytical expression for the responsivity is presented. An attempt has been made to derive the analytical relationship between the incident optical power ( $(P_{in})$ ) and the voltage V across the device when the diode is reverse biased by a power supply in series with a load resistor. The relationship between $P_{in}$ and $P_{out}$ (i.e. transmitted optical power) is also presented. Numerical results are presented for a typical case of well size $L_Z=10.5nm,\;barrier\;size\;L_B=9.5nm$ optical wave length l = 851.7nm and electric field F? 100kV/cm. It has been shown that for the values of $P_{in}$ within certain range, the device changes its state in such a way that corresponding to every value of $P_{in}$ , two stable states and one unstable state of V as well as of $P_{out}$ are obtained which shows the optically controlled bistable nature of the device.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2006

It is well known that the accurate calculation of the field distribution is essential for the design of electrical machines. The analytical techniques for electromagnetic field can quickly and exactly determine airgap magnetic field distribution in electrical machines. Many analytical techniques have been investigated to predict the magnetic field distribution in PM machines equipped with permanent magnets. Using the analytical technique by transfer relations, D. L. Trumper and K. R. Davey already presented the design and analysis of linear permanent-magnet machines and induction machines, respectively. Using the transfer relations (Melcher's general methodology) to describe electromagnetic phenomena, this paper deals with the analysis on the magnetic field distribution due to PM and winding current, the induced voltage and the static torque characteristics in surface-mounted slotless type permanent magnet machine. The validity of the analysis results is confirmed by finite element (FE) analysis.