• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.250-260
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• 1996

Observed results of the adsorption between two competing anions for the shared sorption sites represent that the adsorption phenomena may depends on the characteristics of anion and available sorption sites in a given conditions. In binary systems, adsorption of one species can significantly influence the fate of the other anion, resulting in control of the extent of solute-adsorbate distributions throughout soil profile. And the proton-donation mechanisms by organic anions having a carboxyl as a functional group can also influence the adsorption of inorganic anions onto the hydroxylated sites of Fe and Al oxides. However, study of competitive adsorption of specifically adsorbed anions illustrates some of difficulties which arise in interpretation of reactions at oxide/aqueous solution interfaces. At least two factors prevented a simple analysis of reactions. First, at any pH value the maximum amount of adsorbate taken up at the surface depends on the identity of the anion. Second, it was necessary to postulate the sorption sites where the anion can be adsorbed. Hence, anions having non-specific adsorption characteristics are less capable for sorption sites, compared to those of specific adsorption characteristics, even though competition complies both ordinary and electrostatic interactions for sorption sites. Therefore, competition among chemical species in soil matrix can be of major significance in determining the effective mobility of any reactive anions with sorption sites.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 1998

The determination of inorganic anions by capillary zone electrophoresis is reported. A ten component synthetic mixture of anions of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrite, nitrate, sulfite, sulfate, perchlorate, chlorate and chlorite was separated by the capillary column and detected by indirect UV method. The running buffer contained 5 mM ammonium dichromate, 10 mM ammonium acetate, 20 mM diethylenetriamine, 10% methanol solution at pH 9.3. A potential of 15 kV at the cathode (reversed polarity) was utilized for the separation of inorganic anions. A complete separation of anions was achieved in less then 10 min and the applicabilities of the method for the analysis of real samples was demonstrated. We compare the concentration of anions in toluene inhaled humen's urine and in postmortem bloods obtained by capillary zone electrophoresis and ion chromatograph.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2000

This paper summerizes the results of the first proficiency testing program for achieving the analytical quality assurance of anions and metal ions in air borne particles in Korea. This program covered the chemical testing of anions(Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) and metals(Fe, Pb, Zn) in qeueous solution. The exercies was conducted by the Measurement & Analysis Committee of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment(KOSAE). Pilot lab. was Division of Chemical Metrology and Materais Evaluation in Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS). A total of 11 laboratories participated in the program. Two samples of 100mL in low density polyehylene bottles were supplied to participating laboratories. The proficiency testing results were interpreted by two graphical methods, Youden polt and x-Charts(control chart).

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1999

A stepwise gradient elution with two wavelengths detection was performed for the separation and determination of some anions in saline water. The eight anions such as iodate, bromate, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, chromate, iodide and thiocyanate were successfully separated using AS-7 column and sodium chloride/sodium phosphate buffer solution as an eluant within 40 min. The separation behaviors of anions were studied at various sodium chloride concentrations. The peak shapes of anions of bromate, nitrite, bromide and nitrate gradually broadened as the concentration of sodium chloride increased until 1.0 M in the sample solutions. However, no effect was observed in the peak shapes of chromate, iodide and thiocynate. A good linearity was obtained at the range of ppm(mg/L). The detection limit was proved to be $10-720{\mu}g/L$ for the eight anions with $50{\mu}L$ injection volume. This method was applied to the determination of $Br^-$, ${NO_3}^-$ and $I^-$ in sea water.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 1993

It is well known that we should take 2L of drinking water per day to maintain our health. The drinking water quality is becoming worse owing to sewage discharge and industrial wastewater. Surface water is polluted by various kinds of contaminants and ground water were known as clean and unpolluted water, but through recent many reports the ground waters are also contaminated by waste disposal and intrusion of organic and bacterial movement. This research was undertaken to make a water index of water contamination by referringcations cations and anions. NH$_{4}$, Fe, Mn, and Pb are chosen as cations and $NO_3$, Cl, and $SO_4$ ions are chosen as anions to make a index, and the following water index was made as the contamination index. (Fe+Mn+Pb)/0.7+$(NH_4+NO_3+Cl+SO_4)$/10.5<6.0 By using ton Chromatography the cations and anions are rapidly analyzed and plotting the analyzed data to the equation, we can easily get the degree of contaminations by avoiding analysis of over 37 water parameters in several days. Of course this index of water contamination is not perfect and detail one, but in case of emergent case or to know the overall trends of contamination, it is convenient to use this index. Among the tested 5 kinds of samples the ground water showed contamination index of 6.87. Authors used the already published healthy index and tasty index and differentiated their degrees in detail.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1996

A rapid analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis is described for the determination of trace anions in high-purity chemicals which is used to prevent corrosion demage in nuclear power plants. Separations are carried out at 20kV using trimethylsilane-coated fused-silica capillary ($70cm{\times}50$ or $75{\mu}m$ i.d.) with the electrolyte of 5mM Chromate(pH=8). Detection was achieved using on-column indirect photometry at 254nm. The simultaneous analysis of inorganic anions, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, azide and phosphate was performed using methods of hydrodynamic(>1ppm) and / or electrokinetic(<1ppm) injection. The results of studies on the coexisting anions on analyte ions shows that peak responses of analyte in hydrodynamic injection is constant without effect of coexisting anions, but those of analysis in electrokinetic injection is strongly dependant upon the kind of coexisting anions and its ionic mobility. The analyte enrichment rate, hence peak response, is positive relationship with the resistance of the sample solution. Thus, appropriate measures, such as standard addition or internal standard technique, must be used to account for differences in conductance of standard and sample solutions.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of various inorganic anions($Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $HCO_3{^-}$) on the Methyl tert Butyl Ether(MTBE) degradation by photocatalysis using statistical method. Generally, this process in general demands the generation of hydroxyl radicals(OH radical) in solution in the presence of UV light. The generation of radicals were affected by inorganic anions in solution that inhibited the photodegradation by their trapping hydroxyl radicals. The effects of inorganic anions were mathematically described as the independent variables such as $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $HCO_3{^-}$, and these were designed by mixture analysis that was one of the response surface methodology(RSM). Regression analysis on ANOVA showed significant p-value(p<0.0001) and high coefficients for determination value($R^2$=99.28%, ${R^2}_{adj}$=98.91%). Contour and response surface plots showed that the effects of inorganic anions for MTBE photodegradation based on $UV/H_2O_2$ process. In the result, $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3{^-}$ inhibited the photodegradation of the MTBE by their trapping hydroxyl radicals, and the interaction by these two factors was observed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.215-218
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• 1990

An ion chromatographic method based on indirect photometric detection of UV transparent anions was developed. Separation of anion was accomplished on strong anion exchange column (Waters SAX) using UV detector at 254 nm. Among examined UV-active additives (Dns-H, Dns-glu, Dnsser, Dns-val), Dns-glu showed the highest sensitivity. Studies on the effects of the pH and ionic strength of eluent revealed that the increase of pH and ionic strength of the eluent decreased capacity factor. The best eluent for the separation of acetate, fluoride, chloride, nitrate and bromide was $1\;{\times}\;10^{-4}M$ Dns-glu in 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.30). The detection limit of chloride ion was 2.1 ng in this condition.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1949-1954
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• 2012

We have developed a novel and eco-friendly synthetic route for the preparation of a two-dimensional layered zinc hydroxide with intercalated nitrate anions. The layered zinc hydroxide nitrate, called 'zinc basic salt', was, in general, successfully synthesized, using an electron beam irradiation technique. The 2-propanol solutions containing hydrated zinc nitrate were directly irradiated with an electron-beam at room temperature, under atmospheric conditions, without stabilizers or base molecules. Under electron beam irradiation, the reactive OH radicals were generated by radiolysis of water molecules in precursor metal salts. After further radiolytic processes, the hydroxyl anions might be formed by the reaction of solvated electrons and the OH radical. Finally, the $Zn_5(OH)_8(NO_3)_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ was precipitated by the reaction of zinc cation and hydroxyl anions. Structure and morphology of obtained compounds were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The chemical components of the products were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analysis (EA). The thermal behavior of products was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA).

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.495-498
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• 1998

The effect of high concentration ion matrix on the analysis of low anion concentration in the suppressed ion chromatography was studied. The anions studied were $Br^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $HPO_4^{2-}$, $SO_4^{2-}$, and $C_2O_4^{2-}$ in the presence of excess NaCl and $CaCl_2$. In this study we suggested that the erroneous results in the suppressed ion chromatographic determination of small concentration of anions were not caused by the interaction of large amount of cation in the suppressor, but by the interaction of cation with concerned anion in the original solution. The error in the analysis of such anion can not be eliminated just by dilution. Therefore, we suggested that standard addition method might be adequate for analyses of those samples.