• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.545-553
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• 2021

The frequency by water disaster in urban areas are increasing continuously due to climate change and urbanization. Countermeasures are being conducted to reduce the damage caused by water disasters. An analysis based on permeability, one of the parameters that affect runoff, is needed to predict quantitative runoff in urban watersheds and study runoff reduction. In this study, the SWAT model was simulated for the oncheon stream basin, a representative urban stream in Busan. The permeability map was prepared by calculating the CN values for each hydrologic response unit. Based on the permeability map prepared, EPA SWMM analyzed the effect of LID technology application on the water cycle in the basin for short-term rainfall events. The LID element technology applied to the oncheon stream basin was rooftop greening in the residential complex, and waterproof packaging was installed on the road. The land cover status of the land selected based on the permeability map and the application of LID technology reduced the outflow rate, peak flow rate, and outflow rate and increased the infiltration. Hence, LID technology has a positive effect on the water cycle in an urban basin.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.396-402
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• 2021

A cross section in RC flexural members must be designed to satisfy flexural strength and ductility requirements simultaneously. In design provisions, ductile behavior is ensured by a sufficient reinforcement ratio or depth of the neutral axis. If the reinforcement ratio is less than the balanced reinforcement ratio, ductile behavior is secured, and this value is theoretically the maximum reinforcement ratio. But for a cross section with less steel, brittle failure can occur regardless of ductile behavior because of unqualifying a cracking moment. Recently, designs with a minimum steel ratio have been increasing along with the use of high-strength material, so in design provisions, a minimum amount of reinforcement is suggested. In the KCI(2012) standard, a minimum amount of reinforcement was suggested in terms of strength of steel and concrete. But in the revised KCI(2017) standard, a minimum amount of reinforcement was suggested by a relationship between the design flexural strength and cracking moment indirectly. This code can reflect the effect of cover thickness, but a material model must be defined. Therefore, the minimum amount of reinforcement in KCI(2012) and KCI(2017) was examined, and a rational review method was studied by parametric analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.228-234
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• 2021

Real estate market participants need to have a sense of predicting real estate prices in decision-making. Commonly used methodologies, such as regression analysis, ARIMA, and VAR, have limitations in predicting the value of an asset, which fluctuates due to unknown variables. Therefore, to mitigate the limitations, an artificial neural was is used to predict the price trend of apartments in Seoul, the hottest real estate market in South Korea. For artificial neural network learning, the learning model is designed with 12 variables, which are divided into macro and micro factors. The study was conducted in three ways: (Ed note: What is the difference between case 1 and 2? Is case 1 micro factors?)CASE1 with macro factors, CASE2 with macro factors, and CASE3 with the combination of both factors. As a result, CASE1 and CASE2 show 87.5% predictive accuracy during the two-year experiment, and CASE3 shows 95.8%. This study defines various factors affecting apartment prices in macro and microscopic terms. The study also proposes an artificial network technique in predicting the price trend of apartments and analyzes its effectiveness. Therefore, it is expected that the recently developed learning technique can be applied to the real estate industry, enabling more efficient decision-making by market participants.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.166-175
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• 2018

Recombination activating gene-2 (RAG-2) plays a crucial role in the development of lymphocytes by mediating recombination of T cell receptors and immunoglobulins, and loss of RAG-2 causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in humans. Rag-2 knockout mice created using homologous recombination in ES cells have served as a valuable immunodeficient platform, but concerns have persisted on the specificity of Rag-2-related phenotypes in these animals due to the limitations associated with the genome engineering method used. To precisely investigate the function of Rag-2, we recently established a new Rag-2 knockout FVB mouse line ($Rag-2^{-/-}$) manifesting lymphopenia by employing a CRISPR/Cas9 system at Center for Mouse Models of Human Disease. In this study, we further characterized their phenotypes focusing on histopathological analysis of lymphoid organs. $Rag-2^{-/-}$ mice showed no abnormality in development compared to their WT littermates for 26 weeks. At necropsy, gross examination revealed significantly smaller spleens and thymuses in $Rag-2^{-/-}$ mice, while histopathological investigation revealed hypoplastic white pulps with intact red pulps in the spleen, severe atrophy of the thymic cortex and disappearance of follicles in lymph nodes. However, no perceivable change was observed in the bone marrow. Moreover, our analyses showed a specific reduction of lymphocytes with a complete loss of mature T cells and B cells in the lymphoid organs, while natural killer cells and splenic megakaryocytes were increased in $Rag-2^{-/-}$ mice. These findings indicate that our $Rag-2^{-/-}$ mice show systemic lymphopenia with the relevant histopathological changes in the lymphoid organs, suggesting them as an improved Rag-2-related immunodeficient model.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.165-187
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• 2018

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the reform of deadministration of universities in China by the Cooper's 4-dimension of education policy theory. Based on the theory, the reform of deadministration was analyzed in four dimensions(normative, structural, constituent, and technical dimension). First, in the normative dimension, the Chinese university deadministration policy is fully guaranteed by law, and mainly aimed at "modernization of education management system and management ability". Second, in the structural dimension, a highly administrative management paradigm of universities has played an important role during the early stages of higher education development, but it now becomes one of the main obstacle to its further development. However, the Chinese university de-administration policy is a policy that has taken almost 60 years. Therefore, this problem must be solved step by step. Third, in the constituent dimension, although there were some differences in the attitudes towards "the administration" and "the de-administration" of Chinese scholars, university presidents and the public(students), most of them agreed on eliminating "the administration of universities." Fourth, in the technical dimension, Chinese central government and many universities have accumulated many achievements of "the deadministration policies" in management and practice, while some criticisms are heard, either. However, I hope that all reform cases, regardless of their success or failure, will become a model for future administrative reforms.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.302-310
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• 2018

CD47 (integrin-associated protein), a multi-spanning transmembrane protein expressed in all cells including red blood cells (RBCs) and leukocytes, interacts with signal regulatory protein ${\alpha}$ ($SIRP{\alpha}$) on macrophages and thereby inhibits phagocytosis of RBCs. Recently, we generated a novel C57BL/6J CD47 knockout ($CD47^{-/-}$ hereafter) mouse line by employing a CRISPR/Cas9 system at Center for Mouse Models of Human Disease, and here report their hematological phenotypes. On monitoring their birth and development, $CD47^{-/-}$ mice were born viable with a natural male-to-female sex ratio and normally developed from birth through puberty to adulthood without noticeable changes in growth, food/water intake compared to their age and sex-matched wild-type littermates up to 26 weeks. Hematological analysis revealed a mild but significant reduction of RBC counts and hemoglobin in 16 week-old male $CD47^{-/-}$ mice which were aggravated at the age of 26 weeks with increased reticulocyte counts and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), suggesting hemolytic anemia. Interestingly, anemia in female $CD47^{-/-}$ mice became evident at 26 weeks, but splenomegaly was identified in both genders of $CD47^{-/-}$ mice from the age of 16 weeks, consistent with development of hemolytic anemia. Additionally, helper and cytotoxic T cell populations were considerably reduced in the spleen, but not in thymus, of $CD47^{-/-}$ mice, suggesting a crucial role of CD47 in proliferation of T cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that our $CD47^{-/-}$ mice have progressive hemolytic anemia and splenic depletion of mature T cell populations and therefore may be useful as an in vivo model to study the function of CD47.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.125-159
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting service use intention of long-term care among the disabled. This study conducts a longitudinal study using the modified Andersen model by the disabled age groups of the 50-64 group and the 65 over group. This study examined random effects panel logit analysis for the 50-64 group and the 65 over group by age variations. The results have shown that there are different factors Influencing factors for each specific age group of the disabled(50-64, 65 over). The results were as follows: there are differences of factors between the 50-64 group and the 65 over group. This study found that predisposing factors of the service use intention of long-term care were significantly related to age, residential area, education status, existence of spouses. Enabling factors of the service use intention of long-term care were significantly related to long-term care service recognition, saving, personal salary income level, housing status. Need factors of the service use intention of long-term care were significantly related to chronic diseases, psychological health, IADL. So, there are a need for a policy considerations such as service for the mid-old age disabled by age groups. Finally, implications and future research directions were discussed based on the finding of the study.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.239-261
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• 2011

The cyclicality of productivity has been one of the essential issues in macroeconomics. Since Solow(1957) developed the dominant approach to the measurement of productivity growth, Solow's approach, which assumes the perfect competition, the constant returns to scale, and the full use of input factor has been modified particularly in Hall's(1990) and Basu's(1996) works. Their researches take account of market power, returns to scale, and variable factor utilization. This paper establishes the empirical model based on Hall's(1990) and Basu's(1996) models, estimates 4 types of Solow's reidual in manufacturing and 2 service industries over the period 1975:1-2010:4, and analyzes the cyclicality of measured productivity. The result proved the measured productivity to be procyclical in manufacturing industries and electricity and water industry, and in contrast to the Basu's, the variable factor utilization transformed the countercyclicality of measured productivity into its procyclicality in the Korean economy.

• Korean Public Health Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.99-109
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• 2018

Objective : Health literacy (HL) is, defined as "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions." Being old is one of the main risk factors with limited health literacy. This study aims to adapt Chew's health literacy scale into the Korean language and validate the scale for the use of the elderly. Methods : Data were drawn from the '2016 Seoul Survey on Elderly Health and Functional Assessment, which includes a total of 725 people aged 60 to 79. The sample was randomly divided into two groups for reliability and validity tests of the modified Chew's scale of 8 items. The Korean version of the questionnaire was developed by group translation, expert reviews, and forward-backward translation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess and validate the factor structure of the scale. Results : Results suggest the two-factor structure ("Understanding" and "Applying" of HL) with 8 items. Exploratory factor analyses of the first sample (n=400) revealed that the internal reliability of the scale was high (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.904$). Principal axis factoring extracted two factors ("Understanding" and "Applying" of HL) and explained 78.3% of total variance (KMO=.872, Bartlett's ${\chi}^2=2431.3$, df=28, p<.001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the second sample (n=325) was performed and the two-factor model was supported (GFI=.960, CFI=.979, TLI=.969, RMSEA=0.075). Conclusions : This study provides evidence for adequate criterion and validity of the health literacy scale for the community dwelling elderly in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.221-248
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of the Daegu Happiness Competency Education Program. It was confirmed that students, parents, teachers, and education professions are aware of the middle and higher level of education for happiness in Daegu in terms of the formation and operation of the curriculum. There is no significant difference between students and parents in terms of average value, and teachers' perception level is relatively high, which is understandable in that teachers are the subjects of the curriculum organization and operation. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the parents and the school level, but there were significant differences between students and teachers. In particular, students' and teachers' perceptions were lowered as the number of schools increased, unlike the predictions. They showed the lowest results in the special schools, autonomous schools and special schools. The reason for this is that Daegu Happiness Competency Education was implemented in 2014, and it was because there was little room to recognize and accept the new curriculum due to the burden of college entrance examination or employment. In the future, it will naturally improve as the education process is settled, but here we can find suggestions for the establishment of Daegu Happiness Competency Education.