• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.239-243
• /
• 2012

We reported an outbreak of Aeromonas (A.) veronii responsible for ulcerative dermatitis in Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio). The major clinical signs were darkening body, abdominal extension, exophthalmos and severe ulcerative necrosis in the skin. The necropsy showed yellowish ascites, necrosis in liver and enlargement of kidney and spleen in the morbid fish. In blood agar for culturing bacteria, three different colonies were identified as A. veronii, Plesimonas shigelloides and Shewanella putrefaciens by phylogenetic identification using 16S rRNA or gyrB gene sequences. A. veronii was the most dominant species among them and was resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid and oxytetracycline.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.138-142
• /
• 1995

Bacillus thuringiensis strain BT-209 was isolated from a soybean grain dust sample in Korea. The strain BT-209 produced two different sizes of cuboidal crystals and one spore in the cell. In the biochemical characterization, the strain BT-209 showed negative reactions on the production of urease, and the utilization of citrate and sucrose. Examination of its antibiotic resistance revealed that while the strain BT-209 showed higher sensitivity than B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1 to ampicillin, bacitracin, chlortetracycline, gentamycin, neomycin, penicillin G, tetracycline and tobramycin, it was more resistant to methicillin than B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. The $\delta$-endotoxin crystal of strain BT-209 consisted of three proteins with apparent molecular weights of appoximately 148, 135 and 62 kDa on a 10% SDS-PAGE. The strain BT-209 had at least eight different plasmids with sizes of 4.1, 5.2, 6.3, 8.6, 14.6, 24.5, 67.6 and 77.6 Kb. The strain BT-209 showed strong lethalities of 70% and 87% against Bombyx mori and Hyphantria cunea larvae. at 72 h, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.838-844
• /
• 2016

In this study, epidemiological cut-off values were estimated for 44 Photobacterium damselae isolates, since clinical breakpoints have not been established for this pathogenic bacterium. The susceptibility of the isolates to 10 antibiotics was evaluated using internationally standardized disc diffusion protocols. Normalized resistance interpretation was used to generate statistically valid epidemiological cut-off values for the susceptibility data. There were not enough strains exhibiting full sensitivity to ampicillin and amoxicillin to allow analysis of these antibiotics. Because there were only a marginally sufficient number of strains exhibiting full sensitivity to oxytetracycline, the cut-off value generated provided only a provisional estimate. The valid wild-type cut-off values were <13, 13, 9, 22, 25, 27, and 28 mm for gentamicin, cephalexin, erythromycin, oxolinic acid, flumequine, florfenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, respectively. The application of these cut-off values should greatly facilitate the rational selection of antibiotics for use in commercial fish farms.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2014

In this study, 185 cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli were isolated from different stages of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Daegu in Korea. Among them, 99.5% (184 isolates) originated from raw sewage and 0.5% (1 isolates) from the final effluent. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were high resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefachlor and cefamandole (99.5~100%). About 93% of the cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli. The $bla_{TEM+CTX}$ gene was the most predominant of the ESBL genes (72.5%), followed by $bla_{CTX-M}$ (16.2%), $bla_{TEM}$ (8.7%), $bla_{TEM+CTX+SHV}$ (1.1%), $bla_{TEM+SHV}$, $bla_{TEM+OXA}$, and $bla_{TEM+CTX+SHV}$ (respectvely 0.5%). Class 1 and 2 integron were found in 49.7% and class 3 integron was not found. All of integron positive isolates were multiresistant (i.e. resistant to four or more antibiotics). Our findings showed WWTP is contaminated with antibiotic resistant bacteria with resistance genes.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 1993

A survey was conducted to measure concentration of airborne microbe in a hospital using RSC air sampler during October~November 1991.The result was as follows: 1) In an agar strip GK-A media for total counts of microbial particles. The highest count were 1384 CFU/m$^3$ in the main lobby, followed by 912 CFU/m$^3$, in the obstetric room, 688 CFU/m$^3$ in 1CU. By gram staining, the distribution for organisms in the air were shown 74.1% in gram possitive cocci followed by 16.8%, in gram possitive bacilli 6.7% in gram negative bacilli and 4.7% in yeast, but low organism was detected in recovery room with 194 CFU/m$^3$. 2) In agar strip S media for Staphylococci the count at the main lobby was detected in the recovery room with 92 CFU/m$^3$, Tests of coagulase were negative Staphylococci with 78%, and positive Staphylococci with 22%. The Staphylococci were highly resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and sensitive to amikacin, cefazolin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. 3) In agar strip C media for coliform bacteria the colony counts at the main lobby was 139 CFU/m$^3$ and treatment room was 190 CFU/m$^3$, most frequently isolated microorganisms were non fermentative bacilli. 4) In agar strip HS media for yeast and molds. Most frequently colony counts 17~76 CFU/m$^3$, 0.5% lactophenol cotton blue stains were shown unidentified 77.2%, 8.1%, in Penicillium 8.1% in Aspergillus, and 3.8% in mucor.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.314-327
• /
• 1999

This study was investigated to isolate identify the total bacteria and fungi from the indoor air of work-place of the shoes, paint, stainless steel, and plastic industries. The number of bacterial colonies on the nutrient agar plates were calculated by the open petridish method for 30 minutes in indoor air of work-places at the autumn and winter. The isolated bacteria were identified by Gram stain and biochemical test using API Staph and API 20E kits. The isolated fungal colonies were identified by gross appearance of the giant colonies and microscopic examination of their spore and hyphal characteristics on the slide culture method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of several antibiotics against isolated bacteria was determined by the microdilution method with Mueller-Hinton broth. The 70-400 colonies in autumn and 54-236 colonies in winter were isolated from the indoor air of work-places of several industry. The isolation rates of Gram positive cocci, Gram positive bacilli, Gram negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were 46.3%, 19.8%, 17.3%, and 16.1%, respectively. In Gram positive cocci, the most strains were identified as Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococcus spp. In Gram positive and negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were identified as Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Neisseria spp, respectively. The frequently isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and Rhizopus spp, respectively. The frequently isolated Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococus spp were highly resistance against ampicillin, erythromycin, methicillin, and tetracycline. These results arouse our attention to microbiologic pollution in the indoor air of work-places of industries.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1982

Mutants of plasmid pKM101 modified to enhance mutagenesis were induced and characterized in Salmonella typhimurium. The pKM101 mutant plasmid were transferred normally and stably maintained in cells. They had modified in their ability (i) to enhance the reversion of both point and frameshift mutations, (ii) to protect the cell against UV-irradiation and chemical mutagen treatment, (iii) of ampicillin resistance. A similar modification in enhancement of reversion was also observed in a $uvrB^-$ strains. These results indicated that mutator effect of pKM101 was coded by one plasmid gene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.1625-1634
• /
• 2023

Leuconostoc lactis strain DMLL10 was isolated from kimchi, a fermented vegetable, as a starter candidate through safety and technological assessments. Strain DMLL10 was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. It did not show any hemolytic activity. Regarding its phenotypic results related to its safety properties, genomic analysis revealed that strain DMLL10 did not encode for any toxin genes such as hemolysin found in the same genus. It did not acquire antibiotic resistance genes either. Strain DMLL10 showed protease activity on agar containing NaCl up to 3%. The genome of DMLL10 encoded for protease genes and possessed genes associated with hetero- and homo-lactic fermentative pathways for lactate production. Finally, strain DMLL10 showed antibacterial activity against seven common foodborne pathogens, although bacteriocin genes were not identified from its genome. These results indicates that strain DMLL10 is a novel starter candidate with safety, enzyme activity, and bacteriocin activity. The complete genomic sequence of DMLL10 will contribute to our understanding of the genetic basis of probiotic properties and allow for assessment of the effectiveness of this strain as a starter or probiotic for use in the food industry.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2004

Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 36 dogs with respiratory signs, that were submitted to Veterinary Clinics in Jeju, including Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Cheju National University. Of 36 isolates, 16 (44.4%) bacterial pathogens were Gram-positive and 20 (55.6%) were Gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria identified with API Staph were 12 S. intermedius (33.3%), 2 S. aureus (5.6%), 1 S. haemolyticum (2.8%), and 1 S. xylosus (2.8%). Gram-negative organisms identified with API 20E or API NE included 8 Bordetella bronchiseptica (22.2%), 6 Escherichia coli (16.7%), 4 Pasteurella spp. (11.1%), 1 Enterobacter intermedius (2.8%), and 1 Oligella ureolytica (2.8%). Both Staphylococcus spp. isolates and Gram-negative pathogens were resistant to one or more antibiotics, including ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), chloramphenicol (C), cefazolin (CZ), erythromycin (E), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin (K), lincomycin (L), oxacillin (OX), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and tetracycline (TE). All Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to AMC, OX and VA, while many isolates were highly resistant to L (87.5%), E (68.8%), P (62.5%), and AM (56.3%). Antibiotic-resistant patterns of staphylococcal isolates were shown ranges from single to 9-resistant patterns. Resistant rates to antibiotics of Gram-negative bacteria were usually higher than those of Staphylococcus spp. in this study. Most Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to L (90.0%), AM (85.0%), E (85.0%), P (85.0%), OX (80.0%), and CZ (75.0%). B. bronchiseptica isolates showed 5 to 8 antibiotics-resistant patterns and Pasteurella spp., 2 to 8-resistant patterns. In particular, all 6 E. coli isolates were resistant to more than 9 different kinds of antibiotics, including one strain resistant to all antibiotics tested.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 1979

대장균 설사중에 걸린 어린 돼지, 송아지, 어린 양에서 분리한 대장균 126주의 항생제와 화학요법제(15종)에 대한 감수성을 disc diffusion technique로 조사한 성적은 다음과 같다. 1. 어린 돼지에서 분리한 62주의 대장균은 gentamicin(GM)에 100%, colistin(CL)에 96.8%, kanamycin(KM)에 93.5%, neomycin(NM)에는 91.9%가 감수성을 가지고 있었으나 ampicillin(AM), erythromycin(EM), lincomycin (LM), novobiocin (NB), penicillin (PC), streptomycin(SM), tetracycline(TC), sulfaisodimidin(SU)에는 내성을 가지고 있었다. chloramphenicol(CP), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim(SXT), cephalosporin(CE)에는 각각 75.8%, 64.5%, 50%가 감수성이 있었다. 2. 송아지에서 분리한 32주의 대장균은 GM에 100%, CL에는 87.5%, SXT에는 66.7%가 감수성이 있었으나 CP와 KM에는 각각 40.6%, SU에는 56.2% NM에는 62.5%, SM에는 87.5%가 내성을 가지고 있었다. EM, LM, NB, PC에는 전혀 감수성이 없었으며 AM, SM, TC에도 고도의 내성을 가지고 있었다. 3. 어린 양에서 분리한 32주의 대장균은 GM과CL에 100%, CP에 96.9%, KM과 NM에 90.6%가 감수성이 있었다. SM과 SU에도 71.9%나 감수성이 있었으나 CM, EM, LM, PC, TC에는 대부분 내성을 가지고 있었다. AM에는 21.9%가 감수성이 있었다. 4. 2종류 이상의 약제에 내성을 가진 대장균의 AM, CE, CP, CL, GM, KM, NM. SM, TC, SU등 10종의 약제에 대한 multiple drug resistance pattern(MDRP)을 조사한 바 돼지 유래 약제내성 대장균의 MDRP는 18가지였으며 이중 가장 빈도가 높은 것은 AM, CE, SM, TC, SU 내성형으로 전체의 24.2%나 되었다. 송아지 유래 약제내성 대장균의 MDRP는 17가지였으며, AM, CE, CP, KM, NM, SM, TC, SU 내성형이 28.1%로 가장 빈도가 높았다. 반면에 어린 양에서 분리한 대장균의 MDRP는 9가지였으며 AM, CE, SU의 3약제 내성형이 40.6%로 가장 많았다.