• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.521-528
• /
• 2012

In this study, we analyzed the physical properties of an ethylene oxide adducted amphoteric surfactant such as critical micelle concentration, surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angle, viscosity and phase behavior. The dual function characteristics of an amphoteric surfactant were investigated by determining an isoelectric point, which were attained using zeta potential measurements and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) experiments. The isoelectric points of DE3-OSA82-AO, DE5-OSA82-AO and DE9-OSA82-AO surfactant systems determined by zeta potential measurements were 6.97, 6.93 and 7.10 respectively and they are in good agreement with the isoelectric point values measured by QCM experiments. The frictional property measured using an automated mildness tester showed that the DE-OSA82-AO surfactant could provide a good softening effect at neutral condition.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.255-265
• /
• 2017

Polyelectrolytes are commonly used as flocculants in drinking water treatment. However the growing concerns about their toxicity have motivated the search for biocompatible flocculants. Here, we show that gelatin, a natural amphoteric polyelectrolyte, can be effectively adsorbed on clay surfaces and can potentially be a suitable substitute for existing flocculants. The adsorption of gelatin from its aqueous solution onto the mineral clay surfaces at different conditions was systematically investigated using the design of experiments methodology. The gelatin adsorption was found to vary considerately with pH variation showed a maximum adsorption at its isoelectric point. The amount of adsorbed gelation increased with increasing pH from 3 to 5, attained a maximum at pH 5 and then decreased with increasing pH from 5 to 11. Similarly, the amount of adsorbed gelatin showed decreasing trends around salt concentration of 0.05 M and temperature $35^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the adsorption was continuously increased with time and polymer concentration in the range of 0.1-0.9 mg/dL. Finally, the jar tests confirmed the ability of gelatin for using a natural flocculant for water treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 1994

In order to review industrial application of amphoteric surfactants, new types of hydroxy sulfobetaine, 3-(N, N-dimethyl N-dimethyl-N-alkylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate and 3-(N, N-dimethyl N-acylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate were prepared by the reaction of quaternized sodium 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-propane sulfonate with N, N-dimethyl-N-alkylamine and N, N-dimethyl N-acylamido propylamine that have a straight chain radical of 12, 18 carbon atoms respectively in the presence of alkali catalyst. All the reaction products could be separated by means of column and thin layer chromatography, and the yields of all products ranged in $85{\sim}90%$, the structure of them could be confirmed from IR and $^{1}H$-NMR spectra.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 1994

Amphoteric surfactants were synthesized by the cyclization of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline [I] with acrylic acid ethyl ester. Compound [I] was easily hydrolyzed with water, especially in the presence of a alkali, to afford amidoamines. After [I] was hydrolyzed, the reaction mixture was allowed to react with acrylic acid ethyl ester and then soapoinfied. Only sodium salts of N- -(2-carboxyethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl]dodecanoyl amide[III] was obtained. However, when the reacton of [I] with acrylic acid ethyl ester was carried out in the presence of water, followed by soapnification, ring cleavage of [I] occurred at 2, 3 position, different from hydrolysis of [I] where the cleavage occurred at 1, 2 position, to give sodium salts of N-[N'-(2-carboxyethyl)aminoethyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanoyl amide [IV] and N-[N', N'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)aminoethyl]-N(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanoyl amide [V] as main products.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the type of base papers containing Sw-BDP, HW-BDP and Bamboo-BKP on the properties and printabilities of coated papers. Also it was intended to evaluate the effect of coated paper prepared with anionic and amphoteric latex based coating color. The results obtained from this study were as follows. The fiber length of Bamboo-BKP was observed longer than that of the Hw-BKP and shorter than that of the Sw-BKP. This has effect on physical properties. Therfore the results of mea-suring physical properties were higher ratio of Sw-BKP physical properties tended to be slightly higher with the increase I the mixing ratio. Considering the optical properties of base papers the highest opacity was obtained in case of the Hw-BKP and the second appeared Bamboo-BKP. On the other hand smoothness roughness and air permeability of Bamboo-BKP were lower than those of wood pulp and the optical properties of coated papers tended to show the similar with those of base papers. The ink receptivity and print gloss of the coated papers for Bamboo-BKP were lower than those of wood pulp. As the mixing ratio of Sw-BKP was increased the properties and printabilities were improved slightly. Meanwhile amphoteric latex was improved the optical properties and printability of coated papers.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.329-336
• /
• 2008

Core/shell ($\pm$)PS/(-)silica nanocomposite particles were synthesized by dispersion polymerization using an amphoteric initiator, 2,2'-azobis [N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2,2-methylpropionamidine] ($HOOC(CH_2)_2HN$(HN=) $C(CH_3)_2CN$=NC $(CH_3)_2C$(=NH)NH $(CH_2)_2COOH$), VA-057. Negatively charged (-6.9 mV) silica was used as the stabilizer. The effects of silica addition time and silica and initiator concentrations were investigated in terms of polymerization kinetics, ultimate particle morphology, and size/size distribution. Uniform hybrid microspheres with a well-defined, core-shell structure were obtained at the following conditions: silica content = 10-15 wt% to styrene, VA-057 content=above 2 wt% to styrene and silica addition time=0 min after initiation. The delay in silica addition time retarded the polymerization kinetics and broadened the particle size distribution. The rate of polymerization was strongly affected by the silica content: it increased up to 15 wt% silica but then decreased with further increase in silica content. However, the particle size was only marginally influenced by the silica content. The zeta potential of the composite particles slightly decreased with increasing silica content. With increasing VA-057 concentration, the PS microspheres were entirely coated with silica sol above 1.0 wt% initiator.

• Transactions on Semiconductor Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2024

CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) processes have become essential for creating multilayered component structures in semiconductor manufacturing. Typically, the slurry composition in CMP processes involves a balance of three components such as ceria, dispersant, and deionized water. In this study, we conducted research on the stability of ceria slurries using an amphoteric surfactant with controlled concentrations of AMP (2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol). The results indicated pH stabilization influenced by carboxylic (-COOH) groups depending on the AMP concentration. Additionally, there was no occurrence of aggregation in the ceria slurry, confirming the absence of dispersion stability issues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2001

양모의 염색에서 특히 fiber dyeing, top dyeing, yarn dyeing이 양모 염색에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 그런데 이와 같이 섬유나 실 형태로 염색되는 경우에는 후속의 여러 습식 공정 중의 염색견뢰도가 매우 중요하기 때문에 $\alpha$-bromo acrylamide를 반응기로 갖는 반응성 염료의 사용량이 급격히 증가하고 있다. (중략)

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.1028-1031
• /
• 1997

Electrostatic interaction is a very important parameter for the membrane selectivity. In this work, the electrical double layer establishment on the surface of metal oxide material from the Stern-Grahame model has been described. Then, some examples of rejection using micro and mesoporous ceramic membranes have been given. A correlation between the charges of the membrane material and the species to be filtered has been precised. Two rejection mechanisms have to be taken into account the size of the solutes and the electrostatic interactions.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 1996

Nine kinds of amphoteric surfactants were derived from 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline. Their surface activities including surface tension and isoelectric points were measured in aqueous solution and critical micelle concentration(cmc) was also evaluated by the measurement of surface tension. From the measurement of surface tension, carboxylated amides revealed to be 26~40dyne/cm at $4.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.0{\times}10^{-3}mol/{\ell}$, sulfonated or sulfated imidazolines, 30~35 dyne/cm at $1.5{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}2.5{\times}10^{-3}mol/{\ell}$ and sulfonated amides, 25~33 dyne/cm at $5.8{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}8.0{\times}10^{-4}mol/{\ell}$ concentration range. It was found that isoelectric points of carboxylated amides were pH 7.2~7.9 and those of sulfonated or sulfated imidazolines and sulfonated amides were pH 4.5~5.5.