• Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2018

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) may cause diarrhea and enterotoxemia in adult and young livestock, leading to problems in the production and management of farms. Four hundred fecal samples were collected from 25 goat farms located in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province in the Republic of Korea. Sixteen C. perfringens strains were isolates from fecal samples, and the isolates were identified as type A (n=11) and type D (n=5). Additionally, ${\alpha}$- and ${\varepsilon}$-toxin genes were detected in 16 and 5 strains by PCR, respectively, and the enterotoxin gene was presented in 2 strains. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method and E-test method. In the disk diffusion method, ampicillin (n=16) and chloramphenicol (n=15) were highly susceptible to 16 C. perfringens isolates. In the E-test method, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and meropenem were susceptible to more than 14 of 16 C. perfringens isolates. This study indicates that administration of antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and meropenem can prevent and treat C. perfringens infections in goats.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.490-497
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• 2009

본 연구에서 확립한 분석법으로 총 393건의 시료를 분석한 결과 넙치에서 아목시실린 9건, 장어에서 옥소린산 4건과 플루메퀸 1건이 검출되었다. 아목시실린의 검출농도는 0.009-0.078 mg/kg의 범위를 나타내었고, 옥소린산의 검출농도는 0.02-0.20 mg/kg의 범위를 나타내었다. 플루메퀸은 잔류허용기준(0.5 mg/kg) 이하의 농도로 장어 1건(0.03 mg/kg)에서 검출되었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

목 적: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) 제균 치료의 적절한 항균제 선택의 기반이 되기 위해 소아에서 H. pylori 항균제 내성률을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2003년 7월부터 2009년 4월까지 상복부 통증으로 본원을 방문한 환자 중 위 문부 생검 조직 배양에서 H. pylori 가 동정된 균주를 대상으로 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행하였다. 감수성 검사는 clarithromycin과 amoxicillin은 디스크 확산법으로, tetracycline과 metronidazole은 E-test를 시행하였다. 치료 원칙은 감수성 결과가 확인 된 환자는 감수성 결과에 따라 항균제를 선택 하였고, BAM (bismuth subsalicylate, amoxicillin, metronidazole) 또는 OAC (omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin)를 바탕으로 한 경험적 삼제요법을 택하였다. 치료 실패 시에는 bismuth (또는 bismuth subsalicylate)를 포함한 사제요법을 선택하였다. 결 과: 33명의 환자가 배양검사 양성을 보였고 28명의 환자에서 감수성 검사를 시행하였다. 이 중 항균제 내성을 보인 환아는 9명(32.1%)으로 그 중 7명(25%)이 clarithromycin 내성 균주를 보였고 5명(17.8%)이 metronidazole 내성 균주를 보였다. 대상이 적어 통계적인 분석을 하지 못하였으나 Clarithromycin과 metronidazole의 내성률이 시기적으로 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 결 론: 본 연구는 단일 병원에서 소수의 환아를 대상으로 이루어진 연구로 한계가 있으나, 간접적으로 국내소아 환아에서 분리된 H. pylori의 균주에서도 높은 항균제 내성과 시기적으로 내성률이 변하는 것을 알 수있었다. 따라서 소아 환자에서 적절한 항균제 선택을 제시하기 위한 보다 광범위한 연구가 필요한 것으로 생각한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 1987

The N-[1H-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-chloroquinoline-3-carboxy] succinimide was reacted with amoxicillin, ampicillin and 6-APA to give 6-[D-(-)-$\alpha$-{1H-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-chloroguinoline-3-carboxamido} p-hydroxyphanyl acetamido] penicillanic acid [1], 6-[D-(-)-$\alpha$-{1H-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamido} phenylacetamido] penicillanic acid [10] and 6-[1H-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-chloroquinoline-3-carboxamido] penicillanic acid [19]. The 1-alkyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acids were reacted with ethyl chloroformate for making mixed anhydride; these mixed anhydrides were reacted with amoxicillin, ampilcillin and 6-APA to give 6-[D-(-)-$\alpha$-{1-alkyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxamido} p-hydroxyphenylacetamido] penicillanic acid [2-9], 6-[D-(1)-$\alpha$-{1-alkyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxamido} phenylacetamidod penicillanic acid [11-18] and 6-[1-alkyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-substituted quinoline-3-carboxamido] penicillanic acid [20-27].

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.369-380
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• 2008

The essential oils from 73 aromatic herb drugs entered on Korean official formularies were tested for antibioticresistance inhibitory effect. When the oils were combined with ampicillin (Am) or amoxicillin (Amx) they showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2 in considerably low concentration. The most effective combination were oils from Magnoliae Flos or Piperis longi Fructus ($25{\mu}g/mL$)-Am or Amx ($4{\mu}g/mL$).

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2009

Thirty six essential oils from herb drugs entered in Korean official formulary, which are frequently used in oriental region, were tested for antibiotic resistance inhibition. When the oils were combined with ampicillin (Am) or amoxicillin (Amx) they showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2 in considerably low concentration. The most effective combinations were oils from Acanthopanacis Cortex ($0.49{\mu}g/mL$) with Am and Cnidii Rhizoma and Lonicerae Flos (2.77 and $2.79{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) with Amx as shown in minimum resistance inhibitory concentrations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.527-530
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• 1998

The antibacterial activity of novel ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitors, 6-exomethylene penamsulfones (CH1240, CH2140), has been compared in vivo with that of sulbactam and clavulanic acid against b-lactamase producing strains. In vivo microbiological assessment was used as experimental mouse infection model by gram negative strains. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa F0013, cefoperazone/CH 1240 was slightly less active than sulbactam. ampicillin/CH 2140 was less effective than sulbactam against escheriachia coli 3457. Especially against Citrobacter diversus 2046E, amoxicillin/CH 2140 was the most potent and amoxicillin/CH 1240 was slightly more active than clavulanic acid. consequently the difference in efficacy between the drug combinations appers to be related to the degree of protection afforded the animals by the b-lactamasse inhibitors. CH1240 and CH2140 are promising new agents and should undergo further investigations.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2014

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of antibiotics that inhibits the visible growth of a microorganism. It has been reported that sub-MIC of antibiotics may result in morphological alterations along with biochemical and physiological changes in bacteria. The purpose of this study was to examine morphological changes of periodontal pathogens after treatment with sub-MIC antibiotics. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were used in this study. The MIC for amoxicillin, doxycycline, metronidazole, penicillin, and tetracycline were determined by broth dilution method. The bacterial morphology was observed with bright field microscope after incubating with sub-MIC antibiotics. The length of A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum were increased after incubation with metronidazole; penicillin and amoxicillin. P. gingivalis were increased after incubating with metronidazole and penicillin. However, F. nucleatum showed decreased length after incubation with doxycycline and tetracycline. In this study, we observed that sub-MIC antibiotics can affect the morphology of periodontal pathogens.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.77.1-77.7
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• 2023

Antibiotics are known to be able to cause hypersensitivity reactions through various mechanisms. We present a case of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) and anaphylactic shock occurring simultaneously in a dog after the administration of two classes of antibiotics, namely trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC). The patient recovered completely from DITP on discontinuation of TMP-SMX and the anaphylactic shock caused by AMC was treated with intensive care. DITP is a rare adverse drug reaction (ADR), and anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening ADR. This is the first case report of a dog manifesting two types of hypersensitivity reactions caused by two antibiotics.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2006년도 수산관련학회 공동학술대회 발표요지집
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• pp.133-134
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• 2006