• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2013

Industrialization and modernization of the beginning of the IT industry is growing very fast. Since telecommunications industry was developed rapidly, technologies about miniaturization and high-precision of parts have been actively developed to lead information revolution. generally, the entire shear surface of the product applying fine blanking technology must be very precise. Fine blanking is used to save cost by avoiding post-processing of the product. When using press blanking, it spends a lot of money on the production by using many post-processing. Fine blanking typically used in 0.5~18 mm thick steel plate. Because a lot of post-processing cost can be used to process, except for fine blanking. In order to develop components "CHANCE CONTENTS" in the fine blanking process, the purpose of this study is to minimize the edge of the bridge, secured 95% of the material thickness of the shear surface using the 1.6 mm thickness of the material SPCC. Blanking process by introducing after changing thickness through forging process, due to change in vee-rring force and counter force, the experimental amount of depressions and flatness and the shear surface were analyzed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1975

Various factors influencing the lymph flow from thoracic duct were investigated in an attempt to evaluate their contributing degree and the mechanisms. Sixteen mongrel dogs weighing between 10 and 16 kg were anesthetized and polyethylene catheters were inserted into the thoracic duct and femoral veins. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, lymph pressure and lymph flow were measured under various conditions. Electrical stimulation of left sciatic nerve, stepwise increase of central venous pressure, manual application of rhythmical depressions onto abdomen, injection of hypertonic saline solution and histamine infusion were employed. Measurement of cental venous pressure was performed through the recording catheter inserted into abdominal inferior vena cava. Changes in central venous pressure were made by an air-ballooning catheter located higher than the tip of the recording catheter in the inferior vena cava. Lymph flow from thoracic duct was measured directly with a graduated centrifuge tube allowing the lymph to flow freely outward through the inserted cannula. The average side pressure of thoracic lymph was $1.1\;cmH_2O$ and lymph flow was 0.40 ml/min or 1.9 ml/kg-hr. Hemodynamic parameters including lymph flow were measure immediately before and after (or during) applying a condition. Stimulation of left sciatic nerve with a square wave (5/sec, 2 msec, 10V) caused the lymph flow to increase 1.4 times. The pattern of lymph flow from thoracic duct was not continuous throughout the respiratory cycle, but was continuous only during Inspiration. Slow and deep respiration appeared to increase the lymph flow than a rapid and shallow respiration. Relationship between central venous pressure and the lymph flow revealed a relatively direct proportionality; Regression equation was Lymph Flow (ml/kg-hr)=0.09 CVP$(cmH_2O)$+0.55, r=0.67. Manual depressions onto the abdomen in accordance with the respiratory cycle caused the lymph flow to increase most remarkably, e.g,. 5.5 times. The application of manual depressions showed a fluctuation of central venous pressure superimposed on the respiratory fluctuation. Hypertonic saline solution (2% NaCl) administered Intravenously by the amount of 10 m1/kg increased the lymph flow 4.6 times. The injection also increased arterial blood pressure, especially systolic Pressure, and the central venous pressure. Slow intravenous infusion of histamine with a rate of 14-32 ${\mu}g/min$ resulted in a remarkable increase in the lymph flow (4.7 times), in spite of much decrease in the blood pressure and a slight decrease in the central venous pressure.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2020

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) 적용 강도 및 적용 횟수에 따른 상아질 잔사 제거의 효율성 비교에 있다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 48개의 하악 소구치를 표준화하고 이등분 한 후, 한쪽 상아질벽에는 치근첨에서 1, 3, 5 mm의 거리에, 반대쪽 상아질벽에는 2, 4 mm의 거리에 함요를 형성하였다. 각 함요에 NaOCl과 혼합된 상아질 잔사를 채웠다. 치아는 PUI 적용 강도에 따라 'Weak'과 'Strong'의 2개 그룹으로 나누고(n = 24), PUI 적용 횟수에 따라 '1회', '2회', '3회'의 3개 그룹으로(n = 8) 다시 나누었다. 근관 세정 과정 이후 함요에 잔존하는 상아질 잔사의 양을 평가하였다. 결과: Weak 그룹과 Strong 그룹 간의 통계적 유의성은 관찰되지 않았다. Weak 그룹 내에서 PUI 적용 횟수에 따른 통계적 유의성 역시 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 Strong 그룹에서 PUI를 2회, 3회 적용하였을 때, 1회의 경우보다 유의하게 낮은 상아질 잔사의 양이 관찰되었다. 결론: PUI 적용 강도에 따른 상아질 잔사 제거의 효율성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 Strong 그룹에서 PUI를 다회 적용시, 1회 적용할 때 보다 근단 1/3 부위의 세정 효과가 증가한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

목적: Passive irrigation (PI)과 Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI)의 상아질 잔사 제거 효율성을 비교하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 16 mm 길이로 표준화된 하악 소구치 치근을 근관 확대 후 종단으로 이등분 하였다. 분리된 한쪽 상아질벽에는 길이 4 mm, 너비 0.2 mm, 깊이 0.5 mm의 표준화된 구를 형성하였고, 반대쪽에는 직경 0.3 mm, 깊이 0.5 mm인 3개의 반구 형태의 함요를 형성하였다. 각 구와 함요에는 NaOCl과 혼합된 상아질 잔사로 채우고, 퍼티 인상재를 사용하여 재조합하였다. Group 1은 PI를 이용하고 Group 2는 PUI를 이용하여 각 근관내를 세정하였다. 현미경과 디지털카메라로 절편의 근관벽을 촬영하고, 구와 함요에 잔존하는 상아질 잔사의 양을 scoring system을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 근관의 중앙 1/3에서 group 1이 group 2에 비해 잔사를 더 많이 제거하였지만, 치근단부에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 하악 소구치에서 근관에 기구가 닿지 못하는 부위를 세정시, 근관의 중앙 1/3에서 PUI를 사용하는 것이 PI에 비해 상아질 잔사의 제거 효율이 우수했지만, 치근단부에서는 PUI와 PI의 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.141-158
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of family stress on instances of depression in married, middle-aged women; more specifically, this study examined the moderating effects family strength and support have on depression in middle-aged women. Three hundred women from 40 to 60 years of aged, all of whom resided in Gyeonggi-do, participated in this study. For the final analysis, 249 self-reported questionnaires were used. Descriptive statistics, correlative analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS ver. 21.0. The major results of this study were as follows. First, the mean scores of family strengths and family support were higher than the median scores. The mean level of depression was lower than the median of depression frequency, while the mean for the family stress scores was the same as the median. Second, depressions frequency was influenced by family type, health status, and average income. There was a positive correlation between depression and family stress. Third, family support had a moderating effect on depression. Family strength did not seem to have the same moderating effect, while there did seem to be a moderating effect of instrumental support from families on the relationship between family stress and depression. In conclusion, to decrease the frequency of depression in married, middle-aged women', it may be necessary to increase family support, and it seems to be especially necessary to increase the amount of instrumental support from families.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.565-570
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• 1996

충청북도(忠淸北道) 단양군(丹陽郡) 영춘면(永春面) 상리(上里) 휴석동(休石洞) 땅밀림형 산사태지(山沙汰地)에 대한 지형(地形) 및 지표이동특성(地表移動特性)을 조사 분석한 결과, 연구대상지에는 골락애(滑落崖), 인장균열(引張龜裂) 및 요지(凹地)와 계단상(階段狀) 지형(地形)이 여러 곳에 형성되어 있었다. 또한, 마을진입 횡단도로(橫斷道路)(구역 횡단도로)의 변형 및 건물(建物)(잠사(蠶舍)), 배수로(排水路) 등의 파괴와 수목(樹木)의 도복(到伏) 경도 (傾到) 등과 같은 땅밀림 산사태(山沙汰) 발생(發生)의 징후(徵候)가 현저하였다. 휴석동(休石洞) 산사태(山沙汰)의 이동토괴(移動土塊)는 주로 남동(南東)~남동동(南東東) 방향(方向)으로 이동하고 있으며, 이동토괴(移動土塊) 중심부의 지표이동량(地表移動量)은 월평균 약 17.6cm, 지표침하량(地表沈下量)은 연간 약 88.5cm인 것으로 분석되었다. 연구대상지 최하단부(最下端部)의 포락(浦落)벼랑은 7개월간(1995년 6월~12월) 깊이 0.823m의 토사가 침식된 것으로 측정되었으며, 전체 포락(浦落)벼랑에서 $4,938m^3$의 토사(土砂)가 남한강(南漢江)으로 유실(流失)된 것으로 나타났다. 휴석동(休石洞) 산사태(山沙汰)는 광범위한 면적에서 대규모로 발생되고, 특히 여름철 장마 홍수때에 이동량(移動量)이 급격히 증대하였으며, 이동토괴(移動土塊)의 이동속도 및 남한강변의 포락침식량을 고려하여 볼 때, 향후(向後) 산사태 재해의 발생이 우려되는 지역으로 분석되었다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-96
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• 2011

Purpose: In most cases of nasal bone fracture, closed reduction with internal or external splint fixation approach is selected. However, because of indiscriminate insertion of the internal splint without considering of anatomical difference or deformity, insufficient fixation happens frequently that need additional fixation. Therefore, we suggest a new method for providing adequate support in reduced nasal bone by carving $Merocel^{(R)}$ that is fixed for the anatomical structure. Method: Closed reduction and internal fixation with carved $Merocel^{(R)}$ was performed in 15 nasal bone fracture patients from March, 2010 to July, 2010. Each patient was evaluated by physical examination, facial photographic check, simple X-ray, and computerized tomography. On the first day post-operation, location of packing and amount of reduction were checked by follow up X-ray and computerized tomography. In addition, patients' symptoms were evaluated. During the 3-month post-op follow up at out-patient clinic, operator, 2 doctors in training and one assistant performed the objective evaluations by physical examination on nasal dorsal hump, nasal deviation, nasal depression, nasal breath difficulty, and nasal airway obstruction. A survey of subjective patients' satisfaction in 4-stages was also performed. Results: The results of follow-up computerized tomography of the 15 patients revealed that 11 patients had good reduced state. Three patients with combined maxillary frontal process fracture had over reductions. A survey performed on the first day post-operation showed that 14 of 15 patients answered that their current symptoms were more than tolerable. At the 3-month follow-up physical exam, one case had a dorsal hump. However, there were no nasal deviations, nasal depressions, nasal breath difficulties, or nasal airway obstructions. Twelve of the 15 patients answered more than moderate on the 3-month survey. Conclusion: Intranasal packing after carving the $Merocel^{(R)}$ considering anatomical structure is a new effective method to promote proper-reduction, maintain stability, and minimize patients' symptoms by addition of a simple procedure.