• 제목/요약/키워드: Amino sugars

검색결과 539건 처리시간 0.032초

흑마늘의 이화학적 특성 (Physicochemical Characteristics of Black Garlic (Allium sativum L.))

  • 최덕주;이수정;강민정;조희숙;성낙주;신정혜
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.465-471
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    • 2008
  • 생마늘, 찐마늘($100^{\circ}C$, 20분) 및 흑마늘의 이화학적 특성을 비교한 결과 적색도는 흑마늘에서 2.86으로 월등히 높은 값이었고, 명도와 황색도는 흑마늘에서 각각 $22.52{\pm}0.17$$3.19{\pm}0.68$로 가장 낮았다. 일반성분 중 조지방, 조단백 및 총당은 흑마늘> 찐마늘> 생마늘의 순으로 높았고, 수분의 함량은 흑마늘에서 $58.20{\pm}0.39%$로 이와 상반된 결과를 나타내었다. pH는 생마늘에서 $6.84{\pm}0.01$이었으나 찐마늘은 $6.54{\pm}0.02$, 흑마늘은 $4.36{\pm}0.06$으로 점차 산성화 되는 경향이었다. 생마늘의 total pyruvate 함량은 $188.47{\pm}3.03{\mu}mol/g$이었으며 찐마늘과 흑마늘은 각각 $77.03{\pm}0.97{\mu}mol/g$$277.85{\pm}2.57{\mu}mol/g$이었다. Total thiosulfate의 함량은 찐마늘에서 가장 낮았으며, 다음으로 생마늘 및 흑마늘 순이었다. 유리당 중 arabinose와 galactose는 흑마늘에서 각각 $1.62{\pm}0.30mg$/100 g과 $13.11{\pm}1.73mg$/100 g이었으며, 생마늘에서는 glucose, 찐마늘에서는 sucrose, 흑마늘에서는 fructose의 함량이 가장 높았다. 무기물은 칼륨의 함량이 다른 무기물에 비하여 월등히 그 함량이 높아 전체 무기물 함량의 약 76%를 차지하였다. 구성아미노산은 모든 시료에서 glutamic acid, arginine 및 aspartic acid의 함량이 다른 아미노산에 비해 월등히 높았으며, ammonia를 제외한 모든 아미노산이 생마늘에 비해 흑마늘에서 높게 정량되었다. 유리아미노산은 생마늘과 찐마늘에서는 총 15종이 검출되었으나 흑마늘에서는 taurine, L-aspartic acid, glycine, L-$\alpha$-aminoiso-n-butyric acid 및 $\gamma$-amino-n-butyric acid를 포함한 총 5종의 아미노산과 urea 및 O-phosphoethanolamine이 더 검출되었다.

한국산과 중국산 홍화꽃의 화학적 성분조성비교 (Comparison of the Chemical Compositions of Korean and Chinese Safflower Flower(Carthamus tinctorius L.))

  • 박금순;박어진
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.603-608
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    • 2003
  • 홍화꽃이 식품재료적 가치를 높이는 기초적 연구의 일환으로 한국산과 중국산의 화학적성분을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 홍화꽃의 일반성분은 한국산 홍화꽃의 조단백질, 조지 방, 조회분, 조섬유, 무질소물의 함량이 14.70%, 3.10%, 6.90%, 18.20%, 57.10% 이었으며 중국산 홍화꽃은 12.60%, 2.70%, 5.80%, 16.40%, 62.50%로 나타나 무기질소물을 제외하고 한국산 홍화꽃이 중국산 홍화꽃 보다 높게 나타났다. 유리당은 한국산과 중국산 홍화꽃에서 fructose, glucose, sucrose가 대부분이었다. 폴레페놀 함량은 수용성 추출물이 한국산 13.85%, 중국산이 9.39%로 한국산 홍화꽃이 많이 함유되었으며 또한 메탄올 추출물에서도 한국산 홍화꽃이 9.70%, 중국산 홍화꽃이 7.04%로 한국산 홍화꽃이 중국산 홍화꽃보다 비교적 많이 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지방산 함량은 한국산 홍화꽃은 포화지방산과 불포화지방산이 6.80%, 93.20% 중국산 홍화꽃은 16.0%, 84.0%로 한국산이 월등히 높은 불포화지방산 함량을 나타냈다. 한국산과 중국산 홍화꽃 모두에서 linoleic acid 와 oleic acid 가 함량이 높게 나타났다. 아미노산중 필수아미노산은 한국산 홍화꽃이 46.67% 중국산 홍화꽃이 36.79%로 한국산 홍화꽃이 높게 나타났으며 모든 필수아미노산 조성이 한국산 홍화꽃에서 높게 나타났다. 그리고 비필수아미노산이 차지하는 비율은 한국산 홍화꽃이 65.17% 중국산 홍화꽃이 54.49%로 한국산 홍화꽃이 차지하는 비율이 필수아미노산과 더불어 높게 나타났다. 무기질은 한국산 홍화꽃이 중국산 홍화꽃에 비해 Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn이 높게 나타났으며 반면에 A1, Ba, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Sr, P은 중국산 홍화꽃에서 더 많은 함량을 나타냈다.

대추 (Zizyphus jujuba MILLER)의 저장중(貯藏中) 화학성분변화(化學成分變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Changes of Chemical Components of Dried Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba MILLER) during Storage)

  • 이희봉;김성열
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.95-113
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    • 1988
  • 건조(乾操)대추의 저장기간중(貯藏期間中)에 나타나는 갈변현성(褐變現象)과 화학성분(化學成分)의 변화(變化)를 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 4품종(品種)의 신선(新鮮)한 대추를 수집(蒐集)하여 일반화학성분(一般化學成分)을 분석(分析)하여 품종간(品種間)의 성분함량(成分含量)을 비교(比較)하고 이들중 보은(報恩)대추를 천일(天日) 건조(乾燥)하여 상온(常溫)에서 12개월(個月)동안 저장(貯藏)하면서 경시적(經時的)으로 색상(色相), 적정산도(滴定酸度), pH, vitamin C, 유기산(有機酸) 총(總) amino산(酸), 유리(遊離) amin산(酸), 유리당(遊離糖), hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) 및 phenol 화합물(化合物)들을 분리정량(分離定量)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 신선(新鮮)한 대추의 일반화학성분중(一般化學成分中) 수분(水分) 외(外)에는 당질(糖質)(22-28g)과 vitamin C(62-72mg)의 함량(含量)이 많았으며 품종간(品種間)에는 큰 차이(差異)가 나타나지 않았다. 2. 건조(乾操)대추의 갈색도(褐變度)는 저장기간(貯藏期間)에 따라 증자처리구(蒸煮處理區) 비처리구(非處理區) 모두 크게 증가(增加)되었다. 3. 신선(新鮮)한 대추의 vitamin C 함량(含量)은 297.4mg%DB이었으나 건조(乾操)한 후(後) 12개월(個月) 저장(貯藏)하였을 때는 20.2mg%DB로 약(約) 93%가 소실(消失)되었다. 4. 유기산(有機酸)은 oxalic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, citric acid의 5종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고 저장중(貯藏中)의 함량변화(含量變化)는 fumaric acid만이 증가(增加)되었고 나머지 4종(種)의 유기산(有機酸)은 감소(減少)하였다. 5. 총(總) amino산(酸)은 17종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고 이들중(中) 주요(主要) amino산(酸)은 proline, threonine, glutamic acid, lysine이었으며 저장기간중(貯藏期間中) 총(總)aminol산(酸)은 약(約) 30% 감소(減少)되었다. 6. 유리(遊離) amino산(酸)은 threonine, proline, alanine, valine의 4종(種)이 동정(同定)되었으며 proline의 함량(含量)이 특(特)히 많았고 저장기간(貯藏期間中)중 평균(平均) 85%가 감소(減少)하였다. 7. 건조(乾操)대추의 유리당(遊離糖)은 fructose, glucose, sucrose로 구성(構成)되었 으며 12개월(個月) 저장(貯藏)하였을 때 유리당(遊離糖)의 총(總) 함량(含量)이 24% 감소(減少)하였으며 sucrose는 4개월(個月) 이후(以後)에는 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 8. 저장중(貯藏中)의 대추에서 HMF를 분리동정(分離同定)하였으며 저장기간(財藏期間)에 따라 그 함량(含量)은 현저(顯著)하게 증가(增加)하였다. 9. 건조(乾燥)대추의 phenol 화합물(化合物)로는 caffeic acid, ferulic acid, P-coumaric acid의 3종(種)이 동정(同定)되었고 그 함량(含量)은 저장기간중(貯藏期間中)에 상당(相當)한 양(量)이 감소(減少)되었다.

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Taste Components of Soy Sauce Manufactured by Bacillus Species SSA3-2M1 and Fused ST723-F31

  • Kim, Haeng Ja;Eun Ju Lee;Ok Sun Shin;Myeong Rak Choi;Jong Kyu Kim
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.202-208
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    • 1996
  • In order to investigate fermenting conditions and the microorganisms necessary for factory production of traditional Korean soy sauce, we manufactured soy sauce made by Bacillus species SSA3-2M1 and fused ST723-F31 with aeration (1/30 vvm, 113 vvm and 2/3 vvm) at $30^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. This method was chosen to investigate the changes of dissolved oxygen, pH, cell number, flavor and the taste components during fermentation. When air was supplied (2/3 vvm) to the fermentor during fermentation, the flavor of the soy sauce and the composition of taste components (free amino acids, free sugars and organic acids) were similar to that of traditional Korean soy sauce after 22 days. The results of our experiments indicates that the mass production of traditional Korean soy sauce is possible using Bacillus species SSA3-2M1 and fused ST723-F31 given sufficient aeration.

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현미배식초의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성 (Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Brown Rice Pear Vinegar)

  • 박은미;이현주;정윤경
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.1041-1048
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    • 2015
  • This study was performed to produce quality vinegar using different types of nuruk, which is the most effective in making traditional brown rice vinegar. The vinegar was produced with 20% vinegar starter, and pears were added to reduce the nuruk aroma. Three different types of Nuruk that were prepared were rice, wheat, and a rice+wheat (1:1) combination. The total acidities of brown rice pear vinegar made from rice-nuruk, wheat-nunuk, and rice+wheat-nuruk were 8.1%, 7.5%, and 6.4%, respectively. Free sugars, including glucose, galactose, and fructose, were highly detected from all three vinegar samples. Acetic acid and lactic acid were the major organic acids in all three vinegar samples. For free amino acids, alanine, glutamic acid, and arginine were mainly detected in all three vinegar samples. Total phenolic compounds were higher in brown rice pear vinegar made of rice-nuruk than in that made of wheat-nuruk, whereas total flavonoids showed the opposite pattern. DPPH-radical scavenging activity was higher in brown rice pear vinegar made of wheat-nuruk than in that made of rice-nuruk.

Properties of Oriental Melon Wine Developed by Utilizing Rice Wine Fermentation Method

  • Kim, Tae-Young;Kim, Sang-Bum;Kim, Jin-Sook;Lee, Sang-Ho
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2006
  • In order to utilize non-commercial melon as alcoholic beverage material, in this study the optimum fermentation method and manufacture conditions were investigated and thereafter the properties of final product were determined. As for melon wine made with only melon juice, sensorial properties, particularly flavor, were not acceptable as alcoholic beverage. To improve the lack of melon wine, we made mash with cooked rice and Nuruk, and then added melon juice during fermentation. Acceptable sensorial properties were obtained in melon wine when 30% extract juice of oriental melon was added after 4 day of fermentation. The alcoholic beverage added melon juice showed much higher yellowness value than that without melon juice indicating that a clear yellow color similar to melon was actually observed in final product. Adding melon juice led little changes in amount and composition of free sugars, organic acids and amino acids and could improve sensorial properties.

Stress Adaptation of Escherichia coli as Monitored via Metabolites by Using Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy

  • Chae, Young Kee;Kim, Seol Hyun
    • 한국자기공명학회논문지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.102-108
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    • 2017
  • Escherichia coli responds to ever-changing external and internal stresses by rapidly adjusting its physiology for better survival. This adjustment occurs at all levels including metabolites as well as mRNAs and proteins. Although there has been many reports describing E. coli's adaptation to various stresses regarding transcriptomics or proteomics, only a few investigations have been reported regarding this adaptation viewed from metabolites' perspective. We applied four different types of stresses at four different doses as imposed by NaCl, sorbitol, ethanol, and pH to investigate the similarities or differences among the stresses, and which stress causes the largest perturbation of the metabolite composition. We profiled the metabolites under such external stresses by using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and identified 39 metabolites including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and nucleic acids. According to our statistical analysis, the osmotic stress caused by sorbitol differentiated itself from others, while NaCl showed the largest dose dependent metabolic perturbations. We hope this work will form a foundation on which an approach to a successful protein production is systematically provided by a favorable metabolic environment by imposing proper external stresses.

韓國植物의 花外蜜腺分布 (The Occurrence of Extrafloral Nectaries in Korean Plants)

  • Pemberton, Robert W.
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.251-266
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    • 1990
  • Extrafloral nectaries have been shown in many studies to promote mutualistic interactions between plants and insects(usually ants) that visit the glands. The insects gain sugars, water and amino acids secreted by the extrafloral nectaries and benefit the plants by reducing the damage caused by plant's inseet herbivores. Little is known about the occurrence of extrafloral nectaries in plants growing in Asia. To learn about the occurrence of extrafloral nectary bearing plants in Korea, living plants and herbarium material were examined for the glands. In addition, the cover of plants with extrafloral nectaries and the proportion of woody plants with extrafloral nectaries were measured in three forest communities on Kangwha Island. 131 species of plants belonging to 53 genera and 30 families were found to have extrafloral nectaries. These 131 species comprise about 4.0% of Korea's flora, a highet percentage of extrafloral nectary bearing plants than occurs in the studied areas of North America. Extrafloral nectary bearing plants occupied 7, 23 and 55% of the covers and comprised 15, 21 and 15% of the woody plants in the three different forests, a significant level of occurrence. Many important Korean crop plants were found to have extrafloral nectaries including : sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam), persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cotton (Gossypium indicum Lam.), mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.), red bean (Phaseolus angularis W.F.), peach (Prunus persica (L) Batsch.), plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Many of these cultivated and wild plants may receive protection by ants and other beneficial insects that visit their extrafloral nectaries.

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종양 영상을 위한 PET 방사성의약품 (PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Imaging)

  • 최연성
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.8-18
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    • 2002
  • Early and accurate diagnosis of tumors using positron omission tomography (PET) has been the focus of considerable interest due to its high metastasis and mortality rates at late detection. PET radiopharmaceuticals-which exhibit a high tumor-to-background uptake ratio, and appropriate metabolic characteristics, and pharmacokinetics-are attractive tools for tumor imaging. Tumor imaging by these radiopharmaceuticals are based on metabolic and receptor imaging. The former is based on accelerated metabolism in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue and the rate roughly corresponding to the rate of growth of tumors. Radiopharmaceuticals for this purpose include radiolabeled sugars, amino acids, and nucleosides which detect increased glucose utilization, protein synthesis, and DNA synthesis, respectively. Tumor receptor imaging is based on the proliferation of tumor cells regulated by many hormones and growth factors, which bind to the corresponding receptors and exhibit the biological responses Radiopharmaceuticals used to image the tumor receptor systems may be ligands for the specific receptors and antibodies for the growth factor receptors. Some antitumor agents have been labeled with radionuclides and used to study in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics in humans. This overview describes typical PET radiopharmaceuticals used for tumor imaging based on their uptake mechanisms.

식혜주에 관한 연구 -1보. 멥쌀식혜 올리고당주- (Studies on Sikhye Wine -1. Rice Sikhye Wine-)

  • 안용근;김승겸;신철승
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.360-364
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    • 1997
  • 멥쌀식혜에 Saccharomyces cerevisae를 가해 28$^{\circ}C$에서 10일간 발효시켜서 식혜주를 제조하였다. TLC 및 HPLC 분석 결과 발효에 따라 글루코오스는 하루, 말토오스는 4일, 말토트리오스는 6일까지만 존재하였다. 그러나, 분자량이 큰 말토올리고당과 한계덱스트린은 발효되지 않았다. 에탄올은 6.5%를 나타냈다. 식혜주의 아미노산 함량은 2.9$\mu$mol/ml, 단백질 함량은 457$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml를 나타냈다. pH는 3.67, 산도는 3.1ml를 나타냈다. 한계덱스트린은 1H-NMR로 분석 결과 식혜에 존재하는 것과 구조상 변화가 없었다. $\alpha$-1,4-결합에 대한 $\alpha$-1,6-결합의 비율도 5.6:1을 나타냈다. 관능검사 결과, 맛은 와인과 비슷하였다.

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