• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

In this study, the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of low-salt Myungran jeotkal (Alaskan pollock roe) were evaluated after fermentation at $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ with or without the addition of deep sea water, salt from deep sea water, and vegetable-origin lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus fermentum JS, LBF). When fermented at $20^{\circ}C$, the addition of LBF to Myungran jeotkal resulted in a slow increase in lactic acid content, followed by an abrupt increase after five days of fermentation. However, when fermented at $4^{\circ}C$, the lactic acid content did not change significantly. Further, when Myungran jeotkal fermented at $4^{\circ}C$, the pH decreased as lactic acid production increased. The salinity of Myungran jeotkal fermented at $4^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ was 7% and was not affected by fermentation period. When fermented at $20^{\circ}C$, volatile basic nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents increased with increasing duration of fermentation. Further, volatile acid content decreased, however, the content of amino nitrogen increased after 11 days of fermentation with LBF and no salt effects were observed. When fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for 13 days, preference (sensory evaluation) was the highest in all experimental groups after 9 days of fermentation, and then decreased as the fermentation period increased. The free amino acid content was highest (1,648.8 mg/100 g) in Myungran jeotkal when sun-dried salt and LBF were added, 2.3 times higher than in the control.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2001

균주(Act. elegans, Rhi. oligosporus)와 응고제(CaCl$_2$, citric acid)를 달리하여 제조한 발효두부의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 발효두부의 수분과 조단백질은 발효시간이 증가할수록 빠른 속도로 감소하였으며, 조지방과 조회분은 약간 증가하였다. pH는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 서서히 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 총산은 감소하였으나 시험구간별 뚜렷한 차이점은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 환원당은 발효 7일째가지는 서서히 증가하였으나 그 후 14일째까지 급속히 증가하였고, 아미노태 질소 및 암모니아태 질소 역시 바르게 증가하였다. 무기성분은 K>Ca>Mg>Na 등의 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 각 군별 뚜렷한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 발효도의 지표인 환원당과 아미노태 질소함량을 증가시키기 위해서는 단기발효(7일)에서는 Act. elegans가 Rhi. oligosporus보다 효과적이었고, 장기발효(14일)에서는 반대경향을 나타내었다. 응고제는 동일균주로 장기발효를 할 경우 CaCl$_2$가 citric acid보다 효과적이었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.272-278
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the functional properties such as nitrogen solubility, emulsifying property , foaming capapcity , water and oil absorption of Camellia (Camellia japonica .) seed protein isolate in condition of distilled water and 0.5M NaCl solution at pH 2.0∼10.0. Nitrogen solubility of Camellia protein isolate in distilled water showed the minimum value at pH 4.0 and increased at pH lower or higher than the isoelectric point(pH 4.0). It was 90.0 %at pH 10.0 Nitrogen solubility of 0.5M NaCl solution showed a similar pattern with that of distrille dwater but was higher than that of distilled water except pH 2.0 and pH 10.0. Emulsifying activity of Camellia seed protein islate showed the minimum value at pH 4.0, but was higher at ether value of pH. Emulsifying stability of protein isolate was stable by heat treatment for 30min, at 80℃ and increased in 0.5M NaCl solution more than that of distille dwater. Foaming capacity of Camellia seed protein isolate in distill3ed water showed the minimum value near the isoelectric point, While it changed little at other values of pH. Foaming stability slowly decreased as, but didn't make a significant difference as time was delayed . Oil absorption was 1.4ml per a sample of 1g and water absorption was 0.9ml per a sample of 1g. The former was higher than the latter . The content of total amino acid of Camellia protein isolate was 43.67% and the major total amino acid of Camellia protein isolate was 43.67% and the major total amino acid was in the order of glutamic acid , arginine, aspartic acid, and leucine.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to enhance our understanding of nitrogen (N) metabolism and mammary amino acid (AA) utilization in lactating cows with divergent phenotypes of residual feed intake (RFI). Methods: Fifty-three multiparous mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were selected for RFI measurements over a 50-d experimental period. The 26 cows with the most extreme RFI values were classified into the high RFI (n = 13) and low RFI (n = 13) groups, respectively, for analysis of N metabolism and AA utilization. Results: Compared with the high RFI cows, the low RFI animals had lower dry matter intake (p<0.01) with no difference observed in milk yield between the two groups (p>0.10). However, higher ratios of milk yield to dry matter intake (p<0.01) were found in the low RFI cows than in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had significant greater ratios of milk protein to metabolizable protein (p = 0.02) and milk protein to crude protein intake than the high RFI cows (p = 0.01). The arterial concentration and mammary uptake of essential AA (p<0.10), branched-chain AA (p<0.10), and total AA (p<0.10) tended to be lower in the low RFI cows. Additionally, the low RFI cows tended to have a lower ratio of AA uptake to milk output for essential AA (p = 0.08), branched-chain AA (p = 0.07) and total AA (p = 0.09) than the high RFI cows. Conclusion: In summary, both utilization of metabolizable protein for milk protein and mammary AA utilization are more efficient in cows with lower RFI than in the high RFI cows. Our results provide new insight into the protein metabolic processes (related to N and AA) involved in feed efficiency.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1985

The concentrated red ginseng extract (RG-EXT) was prepared by extracting the ginseng tails with 0-90% ethanol solution at 70-100$^{\circ}C$ and analyzed for amino acids composition and other nitrogeneous fractions. The results showed that nonprotein fraction was more than 90% of the total N-compounds and 17 free amino acids were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Maximum and minimum N-compounds or total free amino acids were recovered in RG-EXT with 50% and 90% ethanol, respectively. An increase in ethanol concentration resulted a significant change in free amino acid composition while extraction temperature caused a little gradual decrease in water soluble nonprotein and total nitrogen fractions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 1990

The condensation of 1-amino-1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione (1) and 2-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (2) with mesityl oxide or 3-penten-2-one in acetic acid-ethanol (1:1) gave 3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-6,9-dioxopyridazino[1,2-a][1,2, 3]triazines (9,11) and 3,4,6,11-tetrahydro-6,11-dioxo[1,2,3]triazino[1,2- b]phthalazines (10,12), respectively. The condensation of 1 and 2 with crotonaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde or acrylaldehyde under the same reaction condition gave only N-alkylidene derivatlives (3-8). When the N-alkylidene derivatives isolated from the reaction of 1 and 2 with crotonaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde (3-6) were refluxed in acetic acid, the corresponding heterocyclic compounds (13-16) were obtained.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.359-362
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• 1988

The condensation of 1-amino-1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione (1) and 2-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (2) with 1,3-diketones or 1,3-dialdehydes in polyphosphoric acid gave 6,9-dihydro-6,9-dioxopyridazino [1,2-a][1,2,3]triazines (3-6) and 6,11-dihydro-6,11-dioxo[1,2,3]triazino[1,2-b]phtha lazines (7-10), respectively. The condensation of 2 with 2,4-pentanedione in acetic acid gave N-alkylidene intermediate (11), which was cyclized to 9 by treatment with polyphosphoric acid.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2002

산국(Chrysanthemum boreale M.)은 국화과에 속하는 다년생 식물이며 우리나라에 널리 분포하는 자생식물자원으로서 오래 전부터 식용과 약용으로 널리 이용되어 왔다. 최근 건강에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 산국의 수요가 급증하고 있으나 자연채집을 위주로 하기 때문에 공급을 충당하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 우수품질의 산국을 대량생산하기 위해 질소시비반응 시험을 실시하였다. 처리구는 질소수준에 따라 6처리구(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, $250kg\;ha^{-1}$)로 설정하였다. 이때 모든 처리구에서 기본적으로 $P_2O_5-K_2O=80-80kg\;ha^{-1}$을 시비하였다. 그 결과, 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 수량이 증가하였다. 전체 산국을 건물중으로 하여 회귀곡선을 통해 추정한 결과 N $246kg\;ha^{-1}$였으며, 꽃의 수량은 N $226kg\;ha^{-1}$이였다. 꽃의 주요 아미노산은 proline이였고 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 아미노산의 함량이 증가하였다. 이때 질소의 이용율은 41.5-61.8%였고 N100처리구에서 가장 높았다. Sespuiterpene계 화합물로서 우수한 혈압강하효과를 가지고 있는 물질인 Cumambrin A의 함량은 식물부위 중 꽃에 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 질소의 시비량이 증가할수록 Cumambrin A의 함량이 다소 감소하였으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 꽃에서 Cumambrin A의 전체 함량은 산국의 수량증가에 따라 질소 시비량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 유효성분이 많이 함유된 양질의 산국재배를 위해 질소의 적정시비량은 $225{\sim}250kg\;ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 판단되었으며 포장시험을 통한 현장입증시험이 있어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.146-148
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• 1973

Sal, typhi, Ty 2 菌體에 電離放射線을 照射하여 放射線 照射時 隋半되는 菌體의 化學的 性狀을 比較 分析하였다. 放射線 2.5 Mrad, 5.0 Mrad 照射로서 酸性 Amino acid는 增加하였으나 中性 및 鹽基性 Amino acid는 若干 減少하였다. 5.0 Mrad 照射로서 菌體의 總 Carbohydrate 量은 49.7%, 總 Nitrogen 量은 44.6%, Lipid 에 있어서는 Sterol 40%, Glyceride 30%, Phospholipid 14%의 減少를 各各 나타내었다. Polyacrylamide gel 電基泳動結果 放射線 照射群에서는 對照群에 比하여 Cell membrane protein의 變性을 認知할 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2001

우리나라 남해안에서 양식 생산되고 있는 김류의 함질소엑스 성분조성 및 월별 변동현상을 구명하기 위하여 1988년 1월부터 4월까지 월별로 전남 장홍군 지선에서 양식된 잇바디돌김, Porphyra dentata를 매월 1회씩 채취하여 건제품으로 가공한 다음 맛과 밀접한 관계가 있는 함질소엑스성분, 즉 엑스분질소, 유리아미노산, ATP관련화합물, 4급암모늄염기 등을 분석하여 전보에서 분석한 잇바디돌김 초촌과 비교하였다. 엑스분질소량은 $670\~1,304mg/100g$ (건물)이었다. 유리아미노산은 28-29종이 검출되었으며, 그 총량은 $2,796\~6,277mg/100g$ (건물)이었다. 함량이 많고 중요한 유리아미노산으로는 alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, glutamine, phosphoserine 등이었다. 결합아미노산은 가수분해 후 18-21종에서 증가되었으며, 그 총량은 1,406-2,142mg/100g (건물)이었으며, 유리아미노산총량의 $26.4\sim55.7\%$ 수준으로서 중요한 함질소 엑스성분으로 밝혀졌다. ATP관련화합물총량은 $65.7\~124.7mg/100g(2.13\sim3.68{\mu}mol/g$, 건물) 수준이었다. Betaine류로서는 homarine이 모든 시료에서 검출되었고, $\beta$-alanine. $\gamma$-butyrobetaine, trigonelline은 가공 중 소실되었다. TMAO와 TMA는 모든 시료에서 검출되었다. 잇바디돌김 생야을 건제품으로 가공과정 중 유리아미노산, TMAO와 TMA가 증가하였고, 결합아미노산, ATP관련화합물, betaine류가 감소되었다.