• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 1993

The mutagenicity of 22 food and cosmetic dyes had been evaluated. Two different short-term mutagenicity tests were used: (1) Salmonella typhimurium preincubation assay (Ames test) (2) Chromosome aberration test with cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells. Orange No. 203 was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium with and without rat liver microsomal activation, and Red No. 204 was mutagenic in Salmonelhl typhimurium with rat liver microsomal activation. Red No. 104-1 and Red No. 215 showed slight increase of chromosomal aberration in CHL cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.558-562
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• 1988

The ethanol-and water-extracts of curled tops and stalks of young bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) fronds in raw and cooked states were examined for their mutagenicity by Ames test using Salmonella typhymurium mutants. Even a small amount of water extract from raw bracken was mutagenic to TA 1538 strain without addition of $S_9$ mix whereas a strong toxicity appeared at higher levels of the extractive. With $S_9$ mix, the water-extract from raw bracken was not mutagenic at all and not toxic to all strains tested, The amount of water-extract from cooked bracken was one-tenth of the amount from raw bracken and the water-extract showed no mutagenic effect to all strains tested. Ethanol-extract of bracken showed no mutagenicity in any case.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Objectives : Acupuncture manipulation, a kind of sophisticated hand movements, has been considered a fundamental skill for acupuncture practice. In this study, we aimed to develop acupuncture manipulation education system(AMES) using visual feedback of acupuncture manipulation. We also investigated whether or not acupuncture practice-$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ students could enhance their acupuncture manipulation skills after AMES training. Methods : Using AMES and motion sensor, we visualized a time-series motion template(intended motion) and participant's own motion(actual motion) manipulating an acupuncture needle. Ten students were trained with complex lifting/thrusting techniques for 8 training trials. We compared the motion pattern error of the students between the first and the last trials. Results : In our pilot experiment, half of the participants showed significantly improved manipulation skills in complex lifting/thrusting techniques after training with AMES which is developed in this study, while the other half of the participants did not show significant improvements. Conclusions : The AMES could be useful in acupuncture-manipulation training for students. Our findings suggest that novice can improve sophisticated hand movement for acupuncture manipulation with sensorimotor learning using visual feedback.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.215-219
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• 2005

Gamgung-tang (GGT) that is included in Gamdu-tang (consists of Glycyrrhizae Radix, black beans) and Gunggui-tang(consists of Angelicae Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma) showed therapeutic effect of autoimmume thyroiditis in the previous reports. GGT was tested for the safety using Ames and umu gene expression mutagenicity tests. In Ames test, Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were used to identify mutagenic property, and the number of histidine revertants was measured. In SOS umu test, Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 containing plasmid pSK1002 was used as a test strain, and we monitored the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the $\beta-galactosidase$ activity. Mutagenic activity in any assays we tested was not found. After treating S-9 mixture with GGT, mutagenic activity was also not found. The results of this study suggested that there was no DNA damage and mutagenicity of GGT.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2017

Most local agencies such as counties and small cities continuously express difficulties in making technically and financially defensible decisions on their pavement infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation. Unlike pavement systems managed by state highway agencies, the total lane-miles of many local pavements are significantly short and they are managed by a limited number of staff who typically have multiple responsibilities. Most local agencies also do not have historical pavement performance data and the lack of a systematic decision making framework exacerbates the problem. A structured framework and an easily accessible decision support tool that reflects their local requirements, practices and operational conditions would greatly assist them in making consistent and defensible decisions. This study fills this gap by developing a systematic pavement treatment selection framework and a spreadsheet based tool for local agencies. It is expected that the proposed framework will significantly help local agencies to improve their pavement asset management practices at the project level.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1997

In order to determine the effectiveness of linoleic acid(LA) to inhibit carcinogens/mutagens-induced mu-tagenesis, Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and the SOS chromotest using E. Coli PQ37, were carried out. The inhibitory effect of LA(1%) on the Ames mutagenicity test were 98%, 78%and 69% mediated by aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO), respectively. LA exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity aganist indirect mutagen, AFB₁whereas exhibited the same concentration of LA showed weaker inhibitory effects on direct mutagens of MNNG and 4-NQO than that AFB₁. LA also reduced the SOS responses induced by MNNG and 4-NQO significantly. This result showed a possibility that LA can be a protective agent in early step of cancinogenesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 1995

The clastogenecity and mutagenicity of antifungal 6-[(N-halophenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5, 8-quinolinedione (RCK 3, 7, 13, 14, and 15) had been evaluated. Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay (Ames test) was used to test the mutagenicity of RCKs. RCK14 was mutagenic in S. typhimurium(TA98 and TA100) with and without rat liver microsomal activation. Whereas RCK3, 7, 13 and 15 were negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium(TA98 and TA100), The clastogenecity was tested on the RCKs with in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. All of RCKs tested did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood. Thus RCKs were not supposed to cause any chromosomal damage termed micronuclei. These results indicate that RCK 3, 7, 13 and 15 have no genotoxic potential under these experimental condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.359-365
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate mutagenecity and antimutagenic effects from crude extract, heating extract and alcohol extract of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album L.) on the bacterial short-term tests, such as Ames test, spore rec-assay, SOS spot test and SOS chromotest by using several kinds of mutagens. In the Ames test, each extract did not show any mutagenesis, but each extract showed inhibitory effects of 80∼95% and 70∼94% against mutagenesis induced by 3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indole(Trp-P-1) and 2-aminofluorene(2-AF) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, respectively. In th spore rec-assay, mistletoe ectracts showed antimutagenic effect with inhibiton zone in the range of 5∼11mm against mutagenicity induced by mitomycin C(MMC, 18mm) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidne (MNNG, 24mm), respectively. The heating and alcohol extracts in the SOS chromotest showed 96% and 70% inhibition against benzo-α-pyrene[B(α)P] and Trp-P-1 induced mutagenesis, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.771-775
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• 1999

The antimutagenic activities of the total extract and several fractions of starfish, Asterina pectinifera (Asteriidae), were investigated in vitro by SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37 and Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100. When various fractions was tested, the chloroform and butanol fractions showed low induction factors, which means both fractions increased antigenotoxicity against the base substitution mutagen MNNG. Even though higher antigenotoxic effect of the chloroform fraction, no effective result of Ames test was found in revertant formation of S. typhimurium TA100. The most effective antigenotoxic and antimutagenic fraction was a butanol one: i.e., When 0.5 mg/tube of butanol fraction was applied, the induction factor was 0.68. As the concentration of the fraction was increased the formation of revertants of S. typhimurium TA100 by about 81%. There was no cytotoxic effect of butanol fraction against S.typhimurium TA100. This result might be useful for further study to search a possible anticancer agent from the starfish, Asterina pectinifera.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effects of enzymatic browning reaction products (MEBRPs) of polyphenol compounds (catechol, homocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, pyrogallol) by enzyme extracted from mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) were demonstrated through spore rec-assay using B. subtilis $H17(rec^+)$ and $M45(rec^-)$, Ames test using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 and SOS chromotest using E. coli PQ37/plasmid pKM101. In spore rec-assay, the MEBRPs showed antimutagenic effects by decreasing of the inhibition zone induced by MNNG. In Ames test with S-9mix in both TA98 and TA100, all of MEBRPs showed strong antimutagenic effects of about 21 to 99% against mutation by $B({\alpha})P$ and Trp-P-1, as adding $300\;{\mu}l$ of the MEBRPs. In SOS chromotest, MEBRPs showed antimutagenic effects by inhibiting the SOS-inducing function induced by 4NQO and MMC, as increasing in concentration of the MEBRPs. But they did not showed mutagenicity in these bacterial assays.