• 제목/요약/키워드: Ambient Particulate Matter

검색결과 133건 처리시간 0.028초

준 실시간 측정시스템을 이용한 미세입자 원소성분 배출특성 조사 (Emission Characteristics of Elemental Constituents in Fine Particulate Matter Using a Semi-continuous Measurement System)

  • 박승식
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.190-201
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    • 2010
  • Fine particulate matter < $1.8{\mu}m$ was collected as a slurry using the Semicontinuous Elements in Aerosol Sampler with time resolution of 30-min between May 23 and 27, 2002 at the Sydney Supersite, Florida, USA. Concentrations of 11 elements, i.e., Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, in the collected slurry samples were determined off-line by simultaneous multi-element graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Temporal profiles of $SO_2$ and elemental concentrations combined with meteorological parameters such as wind direction and wind speed indicate that some transient events in their concentrations are highly correlated with the periods when the plume from an animal feed supplement processing facility influenced the Sydney sampling site. The peaking concentrations of the elemental species during the transient events varied clearly as the plume intensity varied, but the relative concentrations for As, Cr, Pb, and Zn with respect to Cd showed almost consistent values. During the transient events, metal concentrations increased by factors of >10~100 due to the influence of consistent plumes from an individual stationary source. Also the multi-variate air dispersion receptor model, which was previously developed by Park et al. (2005), was applied to ambient $SO_2$ and 8 elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) measurements between 20:00 May 23 and 09:30 May 24 when winds blew from between 70 and $85^{\circ}$, in which animal feed processing plant is situated, to determine emission and ambient source contributions rates of $SO_2$ and elements from one animal feed processing plant. Agreement between observed and predicted $SO_2$ concentrations was excellent (R of 0.99; and their ratio, $1.09{\pm}0.35$) when one emission source was used in the model. Average ratios of observed and predicted concentrations for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn varied from $0.83{\pm}0.26$ for Pb to $1.12{\pm}0.53$ for Cd.

서울시 지하철 터널 내 입자상물질의 농도 특성 및 오염형태 분류 (Characteristics of Particulate Matter Concentration and Classification of Contamination Patterns in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway Tunnels)

  • 이은선;이태정;박민빈;박덕신;김동술
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.593-604
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    • 2017
  • The suspended particulate matter(PM) was measured in subway tunnel of Seoul Line 1 to 9 in order to evaluate the pollution degree and characteristics of the PM in the subway tunnel. Also, to analyze the effect of outdoor aerosol concentration on the PM concentration of subway tunnels, the ambient PM concentration around the subway station was extracted by spatial analysis using $PM_{10}$ data of Seoul air pollution monitoring network. Finally, in order to understand pollution pattern in the Seoul subway tunnels, cluster analysis was performed based on input data set such as PM levels in tunnel, tunnel depth, length, curvature radius, outdoor ambient air pollution levels and so on. The average concentration of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_1$ on subway tunnels were $98.0{\pm}37.4$, $78.4{\pm}28.7$, and $56.9{\pm}19.2{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. As a result of the cluster analysis, tunnels from Seoul subway Line-1 to Line-9 were classified into five classes, and the concentrations and physical properties of the tunnels were compared. This study can provide a method to reduce PM concentration in tunnel for each pollution pattern and provide basic information about air quality control in Seoul subway tunnel.

Development of a Real-time Monitoring Device for Measuring Particulate Matter

  • Kim, Dae Seong;Cho, Young Kuk;Yoon, Young Hun
    • 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2014
  • In this study, we have developed a real-time monitoring device for measuring $PM_{10/2.5/1}$ of ambient aerosol particles. The real-time PM (Particulate Matter) monitor was based on the light scattering method and had 16 channels in particle size. The laboratory and field tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of the PM monitor developed. Arizona Road Dust particles ranging from diameter of 0.1 to $20{\mu}m$ were generated as test particles in the laboratory test. The field test was carried out at the Seoul Meteorological Observatory. We can obtain the particle size and number concentration (particle size distribution) only from the real-time PM monitor developed. Therefore, the average density of aerosol particles was used to obtain the PM data from the particle size distribution. The $PM_{10/2.5/1}$ results of the PM monitor were compared with the data of the Grimm Dust Monitor (Model 1.108) and a beta ray gauge (Thermo Fisher Scientific). As a result, it was shown that the $PM_{10/2.5/1}$ results obtained by the real-time PM monitor agreed well with the data of the reference devices, and overall, the real-time PM monitor could be used as a PM monitoring device for real-time monitoring of the ambient particles.

대기오염과 천식발작의 관련성에 관한 시계열적 연구 (Effect of Air Pollution on Emergency Room Visits for Asthma : a Time Series Analysis)

  • 주영수;조수헌
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.61-72
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    • 2001
  • Objectives : To evaluate the hypothesis that increasing ambient levels of ozone or particulate matter are associated with increased emergency room visits for asthma and to quantify the strength of association, if any, between these. Methods : Daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma, air quality, and weather data were collected from hospitals with over 200 beds and from monitoring Stations in Seoul, Korea from 1994 through 1997. Daily counts of emergency mom visits for asthma attack were analyzed using a general additive Poisson model, with adjustment for the effects of secular trend, seasonal variation, Sunday and holiday, temperature, and humidly, according to levels of ozone and particulate matter. Results : The association between daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma attack and ozone levels was statistically significant in summer(from June to August), and the RR by unit inclement of 100 ppb ozone was 1.30(95% CI = $1.11\sim1.52$) without lag time. With restriction of the period from April to September in 1996, the RR was 1.37(95% CI = $1.06\sim1.76$), and from June to August in 1995, the RR was 1.62(95% CI = $1.12\sim2.35$). In the data for children$(5\sim14yr)$, the RR was 2.57(95% CI = $1.31\sim5.05$) with restriction of the period from April to September in 1997. There was no Significant association between TSP levels and asthma attacks, but a slight association was seen between PM10 levels and asthma attacks in a very restricted period. Conclusion : There was a statistically significant association between ambient levels of ozone and daily counts of emergency room visits for asthma attack. Therefore, we must make efforts to effectively minimize air pollution, in order to protect public health.

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SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DME IN CONDITIONS OF COMMON RAIL INJECTION SYSTEM(II)

  • Hwang, J.S.;Ha, J.S.;No, S.Y.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • 제4권3호
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    • pp.119-124
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    • 2003
  • Dimethyl Ether (DME) is an excellent alternative fuel that provides lower particulate matter (PM) than diesel fuel under the same engine operating conditions. Spray characteristical of DME in common rail injection system were investigated within a constant volume chamber by using the particle motion analysis system. The injector used in this study has a single hole with the different orifice diameter of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mm. The injection pressure was fixed at 35MPa and the ambient pressure was varied from 0.6 to 1.5 MPa. Spray characteristics such as spray angle, spray tip penetration and SMD (Sauter mean diameter) were measured. Spray angle was measured at 30d$_{0}$, downstream of the nozzle tip. The measured spray angie increased with increase in the ambient pressure. Increase of the ambient pressure results in a decrease of spray penetration. The experimental result, of spray penetration were compared with the predicted one by theoretical and empirical models. Increase in the ambient pressure and nozzle diameter results in an increase of SMD at a distance 30, 45 and 60d$_{0}$, downstream of the nozzle, respectively.ely.

환기장치와 필터를 활용한 미세먼지 제거특성 조사 (Characterization of Fine Dust Collection Using a Filter Ventilation)

  • 전태영;김재용
    • 공업화학
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.229-233
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 폐암을 유발하는 발암물질이며 다양한 문제의 원인이 되고 있는 유해물질인 미세먼지 제거특성을 조사하였다. 변수로는 습도, 초기미세먼지 주입량, 유속을 고려하였다. 실험결과 습도가 높은 경우 제거에 소요되는 시간동안 평균 농도는 낮아지지만, 최종농도에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 세 가지 초기미세먼지주입량의 변화는 모두 비슷한 제거경향을 나타내었다. 또한 유속이 0.6 m/s에서 0.3 m/s로 변할 경우 제거소요시간이 약 1.4배 증가하는 결과가 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서는 습도, 미세먼지 주입량, 유속 중 미세먼지 제거에 가장 큰 변화를 보이는 것은 유속으로 관찰되었다.

폐 섬유모세포에서 황사의 미세먼지(Particulate Matter 10)가 활성산소족과 TGF-β, NF-κB, PDGF-α, Fibronectin의 생성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Particulate Matter 10 from Asian Dust on the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species, TGF-β, NF-κB, PDGF-α and Fibronectin in MRC-5 Fibroblast Cells)

  • 김아현;전수연;윤진영;김유진;경선영;이상표;박정웅;정성환
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제67권6호
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    • pp.528-535
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    • 2009
  • Background: Dust clouds blown by the wind from the arid deserts of Mongolia and Northeast China are known as Asian dust storms. Ambient particulate matter with a diameter <10 ${\mu}m$ ($PM_{10}$) is associated with the exacerbation of respiratory diseases and increased mortality of heart and lung disease patients. The fibrotic effects of $PM_{10}$ of Asian dust to pulmonary fibroblast cells are unknown. This study examined the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), TGF-${\beta}$, NF-${\kappa}B$, PDGF-$\alpha$ and Fibronectin in fibroblasts exposed to Asian dust particles. Methods: Air samples were collected using a high volume air sampler (Sibata model HV500F) with an air flow of 500 L/min for at least 6 hours. The MRC-5 cells were exposed to 0, 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $PM_{10}$ for 24 hours. ROS was detected by measuring the level of oxidized DCF using FACS. TGF-$\beta$, NF-${\kappa}B$, PDGF-$\alpha$ and fibronectin were detected by western blotting. Results: There was no increase in the ROS, TGF-$\beta$ and PDGF-$\alpha$ levels in the MRC-5 cells exposed to $PM_{10}$. The NF-${\kappa}B$ level was higher in the MRC-5 cells exposed to 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $PM_{10}$ for 24 hours. The fibronectin level in the MRC-5 cells after 24 hours incubation with 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ $PM_{10}$ was significantly higher than the control group ($PM_{10}$ 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ 113.27${\pm}$8.65 of control, p=0.005). Conclusion: $PM_{10}$ from Asian dust increases the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and fibronectin expression in MRC-5 fibroblast cells.

가시광통신 기반 광역 실내 초미세먼지 모니터링 시스템 (Visible Light Communication Based Wide Range Indoor Fine Particulate Matter Monitoring System)

  • 세잔 모하마드 아브라르 샤킬;안진영;한대현;정완영
    • 융합신호처리학회논문지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.16-23
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    • 2019
  • PM 2.5로 불리는 초미세먼지는 인간의 건강을 해치는 2.5 ㎛ 이하 직경의 입자크기를 갖는 공기 중의 미세먼지를 말하며, 미세먼지 집중도는 공기 질 정보로 사용할 수 있다. 사람은 일반적으로 90% 이상을 실내에서 거주하며 실내에 대한 공식적인 먼지 집중도 자료는 제공되지 않기 때문에, 본 연구는 실내의 관점에서 공기 질 측정에 초점을 두었다. 실내 먼지데이터 모니터링은 병원과 같은 환경에서 매우 중요할 뿐만 아니라 교실, 시멘트 공장, 컴퓨터 서버 룸, 석유화학 저장고 등의 장소에서도 유용하게 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 전자기파로부터 자유로운 실내 먼지 모니터링을 위해 맨체스터 코딩기법을 이용한 가시광 통신 시스템을 제안한다. 넓은 범위의 먼지 집중도를 포함한 중요한 실내 환경정보가 가시광 채널을 통해 전송된다. 강력한 주변광 및 저주파 잡음 제거를 위해 평균전압트레킹 기법을 사용한다. 입력광은 광다이오드에 의해 수신되고, 동시에 수신 마이크로콘트롤러에 의해 신호처리 한다. 사용자는 실시간으로 실내 공기 질 정보를 모니터링 할 수 있으며, 공기 질 정보에 따라 미리 적합한 대처를 할 수 있다.

실내 외 미세먼지 측정 및 관리 기술 동향 (Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter: The Current and Future in Monitoring, Assessment, and Management)

  • 김재진;최원식;김진수;노영민;손윤석;양민준
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제36권6_3호
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    • pp.1635-1641
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    • 2020
  • 대기오염은 최근 급속한 인구증가와 산업화 등으로 인해 인류가 해결해야 할 중요한 문제로 인식되고 있다. 특히 미세먼지 노출에 따른 질병 사례들의 증가와 대기 질 정보에 대한 국민의 관심 증대로 인해 미세먼지는 환경문제를 넘어 사회적 재난 수준의 심각한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 아울러 대기 중 미세먼지 농도는 실내 미세먼지 농도에 밀접하게 관여하여 실내 공기질의 악화를 야기시킬 수 있다. 따라서 실내외 미세먼지 측정, 모델링, 기여도 평가를 통한 오염 특성을 이해하고, 이를 과학적으로 규명하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 특별호는 부경대학교 i-SEED 지구환경교육연구단과 학교미세먼지관리 기술개발사업단에서 진행하고 있는 다양하고 흥미로운 실내외 미세먼지 측정과 관리 기술에 대한 여러 연구들을 소개한다. 이를 통하여 실내외 미세먼지 측정과 관리 기술에 대한 현 주소를 파악하고 참여 연구그룹의 연구 결과에 대한 정보 공유에 본 특별호가 기여하길 기대한다. 더불어 미세먼지에 관련한 지속적인 연구주제 발굴과 국가적인 지원을 이끌어 내기 위한 관련 전문가들의 노력을 기대한다.

실내 외 농도 비(I/O ratio)에 기반한 주변환경과 실내 미세먼지 농도분포 특성: 선행연구 리뷰와 여름철 부산과 평택 초등학교에서의 측정 결과를 중심으로 (Indoor and Outdoor Levels of Particulate Matter with a Focus on I/O Ratio Observations: Based on Literature Review in Various Environments and Observations at Two Elementary Schools in Busan and Pyeongtaek, South Korea)

  • 강지원;안찬중;최원식
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제36권6_3호
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    • pp.1691-1710
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구에서는 평택과 부산의 초등학교를 대상으로 학교 주변과 교실 내를 포함하여 총 16개 지점에서 PM2.5(particulate matter less than 2.5 ㎛ in diameter) 및 PM10(particulate matter less than 10 ㎛ in diameter)을 동시에 측정하였고, 이 결과를 여러 국외 선행연구 리뷰를 통해서 획득한 실내·외 PM2.5 및 PM10 측정 농도 및 I/O ratio(Indoor/Outdoor ratio)와 비교하였다. 선행연구는 총 30건의 연구에서 144건의 사례를 수집하여 이를 실내활동, 측정 계절, 건물용도, 주변환경에 대해 다양한 항목별로 분류하여 본 연구의 측정결과와 비교하였다. 선행연구 결과에서 PM2.5는 흡연활동이나 요리활동 등의 실내 연소작용이 없는 환경에서는 외기농도가 실내농도에 중요한 영향을 미치는 반면, PM10은 외기농도와 함께 물리적 활동에 따른 재 비산이 중요한 실내 배출원일 것으로 보인다. 평택과 부산의 초등학교에서의 측정결과도 선행연구 리뷰 결론을 뒷받침하는 양상을 보였고, 공기청정기 사용이 미세먼지 저감에 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. PM2.5와 PM10은 실내 배출원 및 외기와의 상호작용 영향이 다를 수 있으며 환기방식에서는 강제환기가 자연환기보다 PM2.5와 PM10의 실내농도 감소에 더 효율적일 수 있는 것으로 보인다.