• 제목/요약/키워드: Amalgam

검색결과 301건 처리시간 0.023초

광중합형 레진으로 아말감 면에 브라켓 접착 시 전단결합강도 (Shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesive to amalgam surface using light-cured resin)

  • 조지영;이동렬;임용규
    • 대한치과교정학회지
    • /
    • 제35권6호
    • /
    • pp.443-450
    • /
    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 아말감 면에 광중합형 레진으로 교정용 브라켓을 접착시킬 경우, 광원의 차이(할로겐 광중합기와 light-emitting diode (LED) 광중합기)와 샌드블라스팅 표면처리 여부에 따른 접착제의 전단결합강도를 비교하고자 시행되었다. 발거된 소구치 30개를 대조군으로 이용하였으며 법랑질 표면을 산부식한 후 통상적인 방법으로 브라켓을 접착하였다. 60개의 다른 소구치에 아말감 충전을 하여 실험군으로 이용하였다. 두 군에서 할로겐 광중합기와 LED 광중합기를 이용하여 브라켓을 접착시키고 브라켓이 탈락될 때까지 힘을 가해 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 실험군의 전단결합강도는 약 3-5.5 MPa로 대조군(19MPa)보다 낮았다. 실험군에서 샌드블라스팅 표면처리를 한 경우, 할로겐 광중합기를 사용한 군이 LED 광중합기를 사용한 군보다 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으나 (P<0.05), 샌드블라스팅 표면처리를 하지 않은 경우에는 광원에 따라 전단결합강도에 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 할로겐 광중합 군과 LED 광중합 군 모두에서 샌드블라스팅 여부에 따른 전단결합강도에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>005). 아말감 면에 광중합형 레진을 이용하여 브라켓을 접착할 경우 할로겐 광중합기와 LED 광중합기로 얻을 수 있는 접착제의 결합강도는 임상적으로 사용하기에는 낮게 나타나, 이의 증진 방법을 도모하기 위해 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

시간경과에 따른 아말감의 부식거동에 관한 연구 (A STUDY ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF DENTAL AMALGAMS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME)

  • 이명종;김영해;이정식;윤수한;임성삼;권혁춘;엄정문
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
    • /
    • 제16권1호
    • /
    • pp.6-15
    • /
    • 1991
  • The purpose of this study was to observe in vitro chloride corrosion behavior from 5 kinds of amalgam (Caulk spheracal, Amalcap, Dispersalloy, Tytin, Sybralloy) as a function of time after tritruration by using potentiostat. After each amalgam alloy and Hg was triturated as the direction of the manufacturer by the mechanical amalgamator, the triturated mass was inserted the cyrindrical matal mold ($12{\times}10mm$) and was condensed by using routine manner. The specimen was removed from the mold and was stored at room temperature for 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, and standard surface preparation was routine carried out. The 0.9% saline solution was used as electrolyte in pH 6.8~7.0 at $30{\pm}0.5.^{\circ}C$. The open circuit potential was determined after 30 minutes' immersion of 1 week, 1 month and 3 month old specimens. The scan rate was 1 mV/sec and the surface area of amalgam exposed to the solution was $0.65\;Cm^2$ for each specimen. All potentials reported are with respect to a silver / silver chloride electrode (SSE). The following result was obtained. 1. All amalgam specimens became more noble corrosion potentials which represent the improved corrosion resistance as the time elapsed. 2. Three kinds of high copper amalgam always exhibited more noble potential than low copper amalgam at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. 3. Two kinds of low copper amalgam had the similar polarization curve pattern with 3 current peaks at each time period and current densities associated with these peaks were decreased as aging especially in caulk spherical amalgam. 4. All kinds of high copper amalgam had the similar polarization curve pattern with absence of prominent current peak at each time period, but the polarization curve of D amalgam had one apparent current peak at 1 week.

  • PDF

인공타액에서 아말감의 부식거동에 관한 전기화학적 연구 (ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF DENTAL AMALGAM IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA)

  • 김영남;엄정문
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
    • /
    • 제13권2호
    • /
    • pp.221-235
    • /
    • 1988
  • The purpose of this study was to observe characteristic properties through the polarization curves and EMPA images from 4 different types of amalgam obtained by using the potentiostats (EG & G PARC) & EPMA (Jeol JSM-35), to investigate the degree of corrosion of each phase of amalgam on the oxidation peak, and to identify corrosion products from the corroded amalgam by use of X-ray diffractometer(Rigaku). After each amlgam alloy and Hg were triturated as the direction of the manufacturer by means of the mechanical amalgamator(Shofu), the triturated mass was inserted into the cylindrical metal mold which was 12mm in diameter and 10mm in height and was condensed by means of routine manner. The specimen was removed from the mold and stored at room temperature for about 7 days. The standard surface preparation was routinely carried out. Anodic polarization measurement was employed to compare the corrosion behaviours of the amalgams in 0.9% saline solution(pH6.8~7.0) and artificial saliva (pH6.8~7.0) at $37^{\circ}C$. The open circuit potential was determined after 30 minutes' immersion of specimen in electrolyte and the potential scan was begun at the potential of 100mV cathodic from the corrosion potential. The scan rate was 1mV/sec and the surface area of amalgam exposed to the solution was 0.64$cm^2$ for each specimen. All the potentials reported are with respect to a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). EPMA images on the determined oxidation peaks of each amalgam in artificial saliva were observed. X-ray diffraction patterns of each sample were recorded before and after polarization in artificial saliva (Aristaloy, Caulk Spherical, Dispersalloy and Tytin: at +770mV, +585mV, +8.10m V and +680m V respectively) by use of a recording diffractometer. Nickel filtered Cu $K_{{\alpha}_1}$ radiation was used and sample was scanned at $4^{\circ}(2{\theta})/min.$ from $25^{\circ}$ to $80^{\circ}$. The following results were obtained. 1. Oxidation peak potential in artificial saliva shifted to more anodic direction than that in saline solution. 2. The corrosion potential of high copper amalgam was more anodic than the potential of low copper amalgam. 3. The current density was lower in artificial saliva than in saline solution. 4. One of the corrosion products, AgCl was identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. 5. ${\gamma}_2$ phase was the most susceptible to corrosion and e phase was stable in low copper amalgam and ${\eta}$' phase and Ag-Cu eutectic were susceptible to corrosion in high copper amalgam.

  • PDF

아말감과 이종(異種)금속의 거리에 따른 부식에 대한 고찰 (A Study on Corrosion according to Distance between Amalgam and Dissimilar Metals)

  • 김주원;정은경
    • 치위생과학회지
    • /
    • 제4권3호
    • /
    • pp.103-109
    • /
    • 2004
  • 본 실험은 제조회사 매뉴얼과 통법에 의해서 Amalgam 합금, Ni-Cr alloy의 Crown용 Verabond, Denture용 Talladium $^{TM}alloy$로 각각 24개의 총 72의 시편을 하악 제1대구치근 원심 치관 폭경과 임상에서의 MOD cavity를 고려하여 제작하였고 인공 타액 80ml를 담은 200ml 용 비이커에 시편을 넣어 0mm, 7mm, 40mm 거리에서 7일 후 갈바닉 부식을 측정하였다. 유리금속은 유도 플라즈마 방출 분광기(Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometer(ICP-AES, JY-50P, VG Elemental Co. France)로 전해액내의 Cu, Ag, Ni, Cr, Sn, Zn, Hg를 정량 분석했으며 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, Cu, Sn, Ag, Hg, Zn은 아말감이 금 합금과 접촉했을 때가 크라운용 Ni-Cr alloy와 덴쳐용 Talladium alloy 보다 아주 많이 유리 했으며 금 합금이 구강조직과 생체 적합성이 가장 좋다지만 아말감과 함께 있을 때 가장 불리 했슴을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 아말감이 금 합금과 접촉했을 때, 금 합금의 조성에서 Ni, Cr 같은 중금속이 함유되지 않았기 때문인지 전혀 유리되지 않았으나 Sn은 조성에는 없었지만 $227.1{\pm}18.0035{\mu}g/cm^2$나 유리 되었고 Hg도 유리되었는데 이는 아말감 자체의 유리 물질임을 추측할 수 있었다. 셋째, 아말감 합금과 금 합금 사이에서의 0mm, 7mm, 40mm 거리에서는 Cu, Ag는 유의성이 있었으며 Hg는 유의성이 없었다. 이는 금합금은 절대 아말감과 같이 사용해서 안되며 이종 보철물 사이의 거리에 관계없이 사용을 금해야 하는 것으로 사료된다. 넷째, 아말감합금이 Crown용 Ni-Cr 합금과 접촉했을 때 아말감의 Ag이 유리 되지 않았으며 Zn, Ni, Sn, Hg, Cu의 순으로 유리되었다. 0mm, 7mm, 40mm 거리에 따라서 유의성이 있었다. Hg는 유리 되지 않았지만 중금속인 Ni, Cr은 유리되었고 반대 악궁이나 거리가 떨어져 있으면 접촉보다 Hg의 유리가 적었다. 다섯째, 아말감합금이 Denture용 Talladium alloy 합금과 접촉했을 때 0mm, 7mm, 40mm 거리에서도 유의성이 있었다. 0mm, 7mm, 40mm 거리에 따라서 유의성이 있었다. Hg는 유리 되지 않았지만 중금속인 Ni, Cr은 유리되었고 반대 악궁이나 거리가 떨어져 있으면 접촉보다 Hg의 유리가 적었다. 여섯째, 인공 타액에서 접촉 시 Amalgam alloy와 Gold, Verabond, Talladium alloy의 Cu, Sn, Ag, Hg, Zn, Ni, Cr의 ICPES 검사 결과 Cu, Hg가 유의성을 있었다. 일곱째, 인공타액에서 아말감합금과 두 비귀금속인 Ni-Cr alloy(crown용), Denture용 Talladium alloy가 접촉한 경우 거리에 따른 Hg, Ni, Cr의 유리 부산물에서 유의성을 확인했다.

  • PDF

아말감충전물(充塡物)의 미세구조(微細構造) 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A STUDY ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION IN SPHERICAL-DISPERSED TYPE AMALGAM)

  • 장상건;민병순;박상진;최호영
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
    • /
    • 제9권1호
    • /
    • pp.81-87
    • /
    • 1983
  • The purpose of this study was to observe and identify the phases of amalgam and to know the transformation of microstructure in the set amalgam by lapse of time. In this study, shofu spherical-D alloy was used. After trituration of amalgam alloy and mercury (Wig-L-Bug), it was filled in the stone dies. This specimens being polished and etched by usual method was observed under optical microscope using metallurgical microscope. And then X-ray diffractometer was used to analyze the phases contents and transformation of microstructure at $2{\frac{1}{2}}$ hours, 15 hours, 28 hours and 2 years after being amalgamated. The following results were obtained: 1. Shofu spherical-D alloy powder was composed of ${\gamma}$ phase, ${\epsilon}$phase and Ag-Cu eutectic phases. 2. ${\gamma}_2$ phases were appeared at $2{\theta}$ values ($32.0^{\circ}$ and $43.8^{\circ}$) in the amalgam which was analyzed at $2{\frac{1}{2}}$ hours and 15 hours after trituration with mercury. 3. In the amalgam at 28 hours, ${\gamma}_2$ phase was found at $2{\theta}$ value ($43.8^{\circ}$) at 35 hour, $r_2$ phase was appeared at $2{\theta}$ value $32.0^{\circ}$. 4. No ${\gamma}_2$ phases were observed in the 2 years old amalgam. But ${\eta}$ ($Cu_6Sn_5$) phases were found at $2{\eta}$ values $29.4^{\circ}$ and $42.4^{\circ}$.

  • PDF

치과용 아말감 내부의 수은 유출과 기포의 발생에 관한 연구 (A Study on occurrence of porosity and leakage of mercury in dental amalgam's inside)

  • 김주원
    • 한국치위생학회지
    • /
    • 제10권3호
    • /
    • pp.531-540
    • /
    • 2010
  • Objectives : In this study, following the cavity restorations with low copper conventional alloy, high copper admixed one and high copper unicompositional one, which are used the most frequently in a clinical setting at the present, to experiment the time-dependent changes of strength, bubbles were examined. Besides, to examine the detrimental effects of mercury contained in dental amalgam, the amount of mercury release was evaluated. Methods : As dental amalgams which were used herein, [BESTALOY], [Hi-Aristaloy 21] and [Sybraloy] were selected for a low-copper conventional amalgam, a high-copper admixed one and a high-copper unicompositional one in the corresponding order. The formation of bubbles and the weight ratio of mercury release were evaluated using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Thus, the following results were obtained: Results : 1. The time-dependent amount of mercury release reached a statistical significance in three types of alloys, which was shown in such a descending order as [BESTALOY], [Hi-Aristaloy 21] and [Sybraloy]. 2. A low-copper conventional type, BESTALOY is a cutting type and it was found to have an increased formation of fine bubbles. In the remaining two types, [Hi-Aristaloy 21] (a high-copper admixed alloy) and [Sybraloy] (a high-copper unicompositional alloy), the time-dependent changes in the formation of bubbles was negligible. Conclusions : Accordingly, this type of mercury release from amalgam alloy denotes the difference in the weight ratio of total constituents between after 24 hours and after two weeks. But further studies are warranted to examine the amount of mercury release which is detrimental to human bodies. Besides, a low-copper conventional alloy is a cutting type and it was characterized by the abundant formation of bubbles in a time-dependent manner. This implies that the strength of amalgam is impaired, which should be considered in selecting the appropriate amalgam alloy in a clinical setting.

아말감과 심미성 수복재료와의 전단 결합강도에 관한 연구 (A STUDY ON THE SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF ESTHETIC RESTORATIVE MATERIALS TO DENTAL AMALGAM)

  • 정혜전;민병순
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
    • /
    • 제20권1호
    • /
    • pp.129-141
    • /
    • 1995
  • Composite resin and glass-ionomer cement can be used for the purpose of repair of defective amalgam restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate of shear bond strength of esthetic restorative materials to dental amalgam. The materials used in this study were Photo Clearfil Bright(light curing composite resin), Clearfil F II(chemical curing composite resin), Fuji II LC(light curing glass-ionomer cement), Fuji II (chemical curing glass-ionomer cement), All-Bond 2(intermediary), and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (intermediary). A total of 120 acrylic cylinders with amalgam were divided into 8 groups After amalgam condensation, all specimens were stored for 48 hours in water at $37^{\circ}C$ and tested with Instron universal testing machine between amalgam and composite resins and glass-ionomer cements. The data were analyzes statiscally by ANOVA and Duncan test. The following results obtained ; 1. The shear bond strength of bonded composite resin to amalgam was higher than bonded glass-ionomer cement(P<.001). 2. The group 4 had highest shear bond strength with 15.45kgf/$cm^2$ and the group 5 had lowest shear bond strenght with 3.26kgf/$cm^2$(P<.001). 3. In the group 3, 4, 5, 6, the group 3, 4 with All-Bond 2 had higher shear bond strength than the group 5, 6 with Scotch bond MP both in light-curing and in chemical curing. 4. Both in composite resin and glass-ionomer cement, chemical curing materials had higher shear bond stength than light curing materials(P<.001).

  • PDF

고동아말감과 Glass ionomer-silver cement의 생물학적 평가에 관한 연구 (A BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF HIGH COPPER AMALGAM AND GLASS IONOMER-SILVER CEMENT)

  • 오병원;최호영;민병순;박상진
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
    • /
    • 제15권2호
    • /
    • pp.1-16
    • /
    • 1990
  • This study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect in vitro and the tissue response within the rat peritoneal cavity to high copper amalgam and glass ionomer-silver cement, suggested for use as a retrograde endodontic filling material. In the cytotoxicity experiment, the radioactively ($^{51}Cr$) labeled L929 mouse fibroblasts were employed to determine the relative cytotoxicity of two experimental materials. Those materials were evaluated immediately after set and after one and seven days setting. In the tissue response experiment, two experimental materials were to evaluate mean peritoneal cellular count, differential cell count and the content of silver and copper in pooled packed cells and eluate samples taken by peritoneal lavage technique, and compared with surgical control after one day. two, four and six weeks of implantation. The results were as following: 1. High copper amalgam exhibited significant cytotoxicity immediately after set but showed no sign of toxicity after one day and seven days setting materials. 2. Glass ionomer-silver cement showed no sign of toxicity immediately after set and after one day and seven days setting. 3. High copper amalgam and glass ionomer-silver cement groups produce no significant difference in the mean peritoneal cell count when compared with the surgical control group after one day, two and four weeks of implantation. Surgical control group exhibited significantly a greater cell count when compared with the High copper amalgam group after six weeks. 4. High copper amalgam group increased significantly in the percentage macrophages after four and six weeks of implantation when compared with surgical control group. 5. The trace metal analysis involved an increased silver content in the elutes and an increased copper content in the packed cells of high copper amalgam group, and an increased silver content in the packed cells and elutes of glass ionomer-silver cement group.

  • PDF

수복재와 이장재에 따른 응력과 온도 분포의 유한 요소 분석 (FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF STRESS AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AFFECTED BY VARIOUS RESTORATIVE AND BASE MATERIAL)

  • 이재영;오태석;임성삼
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
    • /
    • 제25권3호
    • /
    • pp.321-337
    • /
    • 2000
  • Dental caries, one of the most frequent dental disease, become larger because it can be thought as a simple disease. Further more, it can progress to unexpected root canal therapy with fabrication of crown that needs reduction of tooth structure. Base is required in a large caries and ZOE, ZPC, glass ionomer are used frequently as base material. They, with restorative material, can affect the longevity of the restoration. In this study, we assume that the mandibular 1st molar has deep class I cavity. So, installing the 3 base material, 3 kinds of fillings were restored over the base as follows; 1) amalgam only, 2) amalgam with ZPC, 3) amalgam with ZOE, 4) amalgam with GI cement, 5) gold inlay with ZPC, 6) gold inlay with GI cement, 7) composite resin only, 8) composite resin with GI cement. After develop the 3-dimensional model for finite element analysis, we observe the distribution of stress and temperature with force of 500N to apical direction at 3 point on occlusal surface and temperature of 55 degree, 15 degree on entire surface. The analyzed results were as follow : 1. Principal stress produced at the interface of base, dentin, cavity wall was smallest in case of using GI cement as base material under the amalgam. 2. Principal stress produced at the interface of base, dentin, cavity wall was smaller in case of using GI cement as a base material than ZPC under gold inlay. 3. Composite resin-filled tooth showed stress distributed over entire tooth structure. In other words, there was little concentration of stress. 4. ZOE was the most effective base material against hot stimuli under the amalgam and GI cement was the next. In case of gold inlay, GI cement was more effective than ZPC. 5. Composite resin has the small coefficient of thermal conductivity. So, composite resin filling is the most effective insulating material.

  • PDF

광중합 Glass Ionomer Cement와 Amalgam의 결합강도에 관한 연구 (A STUDY ON THE BOND STRENGTHS OF LIGHT-CURING GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS TO DENTAL AMALGAM)

  • 정태성
    • 대한소아치과학회지
    • /
    • 제23권2호
    • /
    • pp.357-364
    • /
    • 1996
  • 소아치과 임상에서 자주 사용되는 3 종의 광중합형 GIC의 아말감에 대한 접착능을 평가 할 목적으로 60 개의 아말감 부착시편을 이용하여 중간결합제인 Scotchbond 의 사용여부에 따른 경화된 아말감에 대한 광중합 GIC의 전단결합강도를 측정하고 경계부의 파절양상을 관찰한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 아말감에 대한 광중합형 GIC의 전단강도는 Fuji II LC, Vitremer, Vitrebond의 순으로 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 2. 중간결합제인 Scotchbond를 사용하지 않은 경우에서 Scotchbond 를 사용한 경우에 비해 전단결합강도가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. 결합파절면은 Scotchbond를 사용한 경우의 대부분에서 Scotchbond와 아말감의 경계부에서 시편의 탈락이 나타났다. 아말감과 광중합 GIC의 결합을 시도할 경우에는 Scotchbond는 사용하지 않는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료되었다.

  • PDF