• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1991

The Pulmonary Infiltration and Eosinophilia Syndrome (PIE Syndrome) includes a wide spectrum of clinical disorders with pulmonary infiltrates and peripheral eosiophilia. It is poorly understood and ill-defined group of disorders. Often its etiology is poorly delineated. There may exist an eosinophilic type of alveolitis in the category of PIE syndrome. It shows characteristic clinical picture, peripheral eosinophilia and especially dramatic improvement following therapy with corticosteroids. We report a case of the syndrome in 43-year-old man with brief review of contemporary literature. In this case, the diagnosis was confirmed by open lung biopy which showed characteristic eosinophilic alveolitis accompanied by periphiral eosinophilia. Corticosteroid was administered with rapid clinical improvement in this case.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.379-381
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• 1996

Technetium-99m MIBI was developed as a myocardiac perfusion imagine agent and has been used effectively in the detection and post-therapeutic evaluation of various neoplasm such as thyroid, lung, bone and breast tumors. As an infrequent findings, Tc-99m MIBI agent has shown in non-neoplastic pulmonary conditions Including fibrosing alveolitis, pulmonary actinomycosis, active pulmonary sarcoidosis, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in progressive systemic sclerosis and active osteomyelitis. In a recent report conducted by Cetin Oncel, Tc-99m MIBI imaging is an effective method in the detection and follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis We have also experienced Tc-99m MIBI uptake in active pulmonary tuberculosis incidentally found in a patient with suspected proliferative villonodular synovitis of the left ankle.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.529-534
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• 2002

Interstitial pneumonia is a heterogenous group of inflammatory and fibrosing lesions that manifest themselves as infiltrative lung disease. Of these, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is characterized as a variable degree of interstitial inflammation with or without fibrosis and is distinguished from usual interstitial pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia, histologically. The influx of inflammatory cells and the responses of immune effector cells injury to the alveolar wall and these initial injuries results in alveolitis and fibrosis. Consequently, the gas exchange throughout the alveolar wall is impaired and the patients suffer from lung diseases of a restrictive pattern. The chief complaints represented are dyspnea and dry cough. We experienced a case of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in a 10-year old girl. The patient had been healthy and had not been exposed to organic dusts or other toxic materials. The pathology of lung biopsy tissue showed that the alveoli were thickened by a mixture of chronic inflammatory cells and collagen type fibrosis. High resolution computed tomography(HRCT) found the patchy areas of ground-glass opacity with patchy consolidation and irregular reticular opacity, and diffuse distribution without zonal predominance. The forced vital capicity(FVC) was 31%, forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) 29% and $FEV_1/FVC$ 90%, so a restrictive pulmonary insufficiency was found.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.53-56
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• 2006

The enormous production of spores by the fruitbodies in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) is develop an allergy with symptoms similar to an "extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EEA)". the sporeless strain would noy only benefit health of mushroom workers but also reduce the risk of viral infections on the mushroom farms. For the development of a sporeless strain of P. ostreatus we used strain ASI 2069. This non-commercial strain is completely nonsporulating. We have recovered both nuclear types of strain ASI 2069 as monokaryons (hereafter referred to as neohaplonts) by protoplasting the mycelium. Crosses between neohaplonts and SSI's(single spore isolates) obtained from a sporulating commercial strain ASI 2180 yielded fruitbodies that isolated 128 strains. 13 excellent strains are selected from 30 bred strains by quality of fruitbodies and spore number. Among 13 excellent strains, G192 strain is chose finally to high yield and sporelessness.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2020

Background: Indoor air dampness microbiota (DM) is a big health hazard. Sufficient evidence exists that exposure to DM causes new asthma or exacerbation, dyspnea, infections of upper airways and allergic alveolitis. Less convincing evidence has yet been published for extrapulmonary manifestations of dampness and mold hypersensitivity syndrome). Methods: We investigated the prevalence of extrapulmonary in addition to respiratory symptoms with a questionnaire in a cohort of nurses and midwives (n = 90) exposed to DM in a Helsinki Obstetric Hospital. The corresponding prevalence was compared with an unexposed cohort (n = 45). Particular interest was put on neurological symptoms and multiple chemical sensitivity. Results: The results show that respiratory symptoms were more common among participants of the study vs. control cohort, that is, 80 vs 29%, respectively (risk ratio [RR]: 2.56, p < 0.001). Symptoms of the central or peripheral nervous system were also more common in study vs. control cohort: 81 vs 11% (RR: 6.63, p < 0.001). Fatigue was reported in 77 vs. 24%, (RR: 3.05, p < 0.001) and multiple chemical sensitivity in 40 vs. 9%, (RR: 3.44, p = 0.01), the so-called "brain fog", was prevalent in 62 vs 11% (RR: 4.94, p < 0.001), arrhythmias were reported in 57 vs. 2.4% (RR: 19.75, p < 0.001) and musculoskeletal pain in 51 vs 22% (RR: 2.02, p = 0.02) among participants of the study vs. control cohort, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the exposure to DM is associated with a plethora of extrapulmonary symptoms. Presented data corroborate our recent reports on the health effects of moist and mold exposure in a workplace.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.194-197
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• 2012

Three dogs were presented with a history of dyspnea and cough. Physical examination, blood analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage and radiography of three dogs were evaluated. And additionally, computed tomography and lung biopsy were performed on one dog. They showed normal laboratory examination results. The radiographic findings noted alveolar and bronchointerstitial infiltration with bronchiectasis. For one dog, nodules scattered throughout both lung fields on survey radiographs were confused with pulmonary neoplasia, so CT scan was used to rule out neoplasia. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed abnormally high levels of eosinophils in all dogs. On histopatholgic exam, eosinophilic bronchiolitis and eosinophilic and histiocytic alveolitis were confirmed. Consequently, all dogs were diagnosed as eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. Symptoms regressed dramtically within a few days after treatment with oral corticosteroids. Radiographs and CT scan are useful for diagnosis and prognosis of eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

Objective. The objective of this international comparative study was to investigate the clinical features and outcome of the treatment of infratemporal fossa abscess (IFA). Study design. This retrospective study was conducted at the Deptartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Hallym University and "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Ten-year records of patients were reviewed in Romania and six-year records were reviewed in Korea. The collected data was then analyzed. Results. A total of 36 cases were found to be IFA (12 males and 24 females: average age; $36.3{\pm}15.5$ yrs: 34 cases from Romania and 2 cases from Korea). The annual frequency of IFA in Romanian and Korean hospitals was 3.40 and 0.33 respectively (P<0.001). The etiology was septic anesthesia (33.3%), infection occurring after extraction (30.6%), periapical lesion (13.9%), impacted third molar (8.3%), post-extraction alveolitis (5.6%), and unknown (8.3%). A successful outcome was seen in 27 patients (75.0%) after initial treatment. The main complication after initial treatment was restricted movement of the mouth (9 cases). Conclusion. The etiology of IFA was various and minimal swelling hampered early diagnosis. To prevent IFA, preoperative painting with antiseptic agent must be stressed and proper drainage proved important to relieve pain and to prevent further complications.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.604-615
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• 1994

Background: Analysis of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid had been used to predict the histologic changes of the bronchioles and alveoli in patients with interstitial lung diseases(ILD). Definitive diagnosis can be a1so made in some cases of ILD, such as histiocytosis. However, there are a few data of the cellular components in BAL fluid in normal Korean individuals and in patients with ILD. In order to evaluate the role of the cellular analysis of BAL fluid in prediction of alveolitis and differential diagnosis among ILDs, we compared the cellular components in BAL fluid from 50 normal individuals and 86 ILD patients. Method: BAL was performed by instillation and retrievement of normal saline with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The cell number was counted by Hemocytometer. Differential count was done up to 500 cells on slides prepared by Diff-Quik stain and non-specific esterase stain. We compared the recovery rate(RR), cell numbers(CN), and percentages of each cellular components(CP). Results: The results were as follows: 1) There was no difference in RR, CN and CP between the normal smoker group and normal non-smoker group. 2) Total cell numbers recoverd in BAL fluid increased in collagen vascular diseases(CVD), hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF), and miliary tuberculosis(Mil TBC) groups. 3) The percentage of lymphocytes increased in HP, IPF and Mil TBC groups. Macrophage percentages increased in HP, IPF, and Mil TBC groups. Neutrophil percentages were increased in CVD, HP, IPF and Mil TBC groups. Eosinophil percentages were increased in HP, IPF and Mil TBC groups. The numbers of each cells showed same findings as the percentages did. Conclusion: The analysis of cellular components of BAL fluid can predict the presence of alveolitis in many cases of ILDs. However, It was not helpful in differential diagnosis among ILDs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.954-964
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• 1996

Background : The type of the infiltrating cells in al veolitis may be determined by the chemokines in the lesion. MIP-1 ${\alpha}$, a C-C type chemokine, stimulates proliferation and cytokine secretion from macrophages and induces early neutrophilic and later monocytic inflammation in vi vo. IL-8, a C-X-C type chemokine is known to attract neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. This study is performed to find out the relative role of two different chemokines in diffuse interstitial lung disease. Subject and Method : We measured the secretion of MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ and IL-8 from alveolar macrophages(AM), and their level in BAL fluid of 26 patients with DILD (10 IPF, 4 collagen disease, 10 sarcoidosis, and 2 hypersensitivity pneumonitis) and 7 normal control. Result: IL-8 secretion was significantly increased in patients with DILD ($8.15{\pm}4.58$ ng/ml) than in normal ($1.10{\pm}0.93$ ng/ml, p=0.0003). Significant correlation was found between IL-8 secretion and total cell number in BAL fluid (r=0.484, p=0.0068), %(r=0.592, p=0.0004) and No. (r=0.516, p=0.0042) of lymphocyte, and % of AM (r=-0.505, 0.0032). MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ secretion was also increased in DILD ($2.41{\pm}1.45$ ng/ml) compared to control ($0.63{\pm}0.30$ ng/ml, p=0.0031), and showed a tendency of correlation with total cell number (r=0.368, p=0.0456) and No. of alveolar macrophages (r=0.356, p=0.0579) in BAL fluid. The concentration of IL-8 in BAL fluid was significantly increased in the patients with DILD ($40.4{\pm}34.5$ pg/ml) compared to control ($3.90{\pm}2.47$ pg/ml, p=0.0094) and it showed a significant correlation with the total cell number (r=0.484, p=0.0068), %(r=-0.505, p=0.0032) of AM, and % (r=0.592, p=0.0004) and No. (r=0.516, p=0.0042) of lymphocyte in BAL fluid. But there was a no significant difference in MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ concentration in BAL fluid between normal control group and the patients with DILD. Conclusion : From the above results, we concluded that AM of DILD releases increased amount of both IL-8 and MIP- 1 ${\alpha}$ but IL-8 has better correlation with the type of alveolitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

Idiopathic bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia is one of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, which has a relatively aggressive course and poor prognosis. It is characterized by diffuse centrilobular nodules radiologically with mainly bronchiolocentric inflammation and fibrosis associated with patchy alveolitis lacking interstitial granuloma histologically. This disorder is a recently classified disease category, and to our knowledge, there is no case report in Korea. We present a case of idiopathic bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia. A 62-year-old man presented with exertional dyspnea with a 1 month duration. The radiological findings showed extensive centrilobular lesions at both lungs. The surgical lung biopsy specimen demonstrated a centrilobular inflammatory process with small airway fibrosis and inflammation partially radiating into the interstitium. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia. He was treated with immunosuppressants including steroids and azathioprine. However, his symptoms did not improve and he expired 7 months later due to an acute exacerbation of the interstitial pneumonia and probable infectious pneumonia.