• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1587-1593
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• 2010

Pastures of the Apennines of Central Italy contribute to feed resources of high altitude (above 1,300 m sea level) grazing systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of faecal extract from the yak (Bos grunnienes) as an alternative microbial inoculum to rumen fluid for estimation of digestibility of several forage species. Forage samples produced at high altitude were tested in this study: four legumes (Lathyrus sativus L., Lotus corniculatus L., Onobrychis viciaefolia L. and Trifolium pratense L.), three forbs (Achillea millefolium L., Potentilla reptans L. and Teucrium flavum L.) and one grass (Brachipodyum pinnatum L.) were incubated with yak rumen fluid or faecal extract. A large variability in chemical composition was observed among the species collected. Rumen liquor and faecal samples were collected from adult healthy yak. The $Daisy^{II}$ incubator was used to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of forages using rumen liquor as control and faecal extract as alternative microbial inoculum sources. Filter bags containing samples of browse species were added to the four digestion vessels along with their respective inoculum and then incubated for 48 h and dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral and detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was determined. There was a significant relationship between estimates, indicating that faecal liquor has the potential to be used instead of rumen fluid for estimation of in vitro digestibility of plants. It is concluded that the $Daisy^{II}$ incubator results are appropriate for the determination of in vitro digestibility of nutrients using faecal liquor to define the potential for adaptation of yak to new pastures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of surface spraying of antimicrobial solutions, oil and application of both on performance of broiler chicken under heat stress and reared on leaves and ground corn cobs as two alternative bedding materials. Six hundred seventy five day-old straightrun Arian broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 45 pens (at density of $0.09m^2/bird$) in an open sided partially-controlled shed. Three bedding materials viz. wood shavings (WS), ground corn cobs (GCC) (1.5 cm in length) and leaves were subjected to surface spraying of oil ($0.4L/m^2$ animal food grade sunflower oil), anti microbial solutions (3%) and mix treatment of both. Data on performance traits, incidence of breast and food pad lesions and litter characteristics were gathered and analysed in an appropriate factorial arrangements. Body weight at 56 d, feed intake up to 14 d, litter moisture at 28 d, litter pH at 14 d and litter temperature at 14 and 56 d were significantly influenced by litter type (p<0.05). Litter treatment revealed significant impact on body weight at 28, 42 and 56 d, feed intake during 29-42 and 1-42 d, mortality up to 56 d, litter temperature at 28 and 56 d, and litter pH at 28 and 56 d. Leaves and ground corn cobs have shown good potential as alternative bedding materials for rearing broilers. Surface spraying of antimicrobial solutions, oil and applying both were not effective tools to promote the broiler's health and performance. Meat type poultry growers and integrators are considered as primary audiences of the results achieved.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate how to manage food allergy of pre-school children, focusing on the current status of the food allergy in childcare facilities in Hanam which have less than 100 children. Methods: Targeting 159 preschool childcare facilities, survey was carried out for a month in March, 2015. Recovery rate was 66.7%. 106 surveys out of 159 were available for analysis using SPSS statistical program version 19.0. Results: Among 106 facilities, 58 (54.7%) reported that none of their children had a food allergy and 48 (45.3%) reported one more children had a food allergy. Total number of children having a food allergy was 71. Among them, the occurrences of food allergy in males were significantly more than that of the females (p<0.001). Further, children under 2 years of age had significantly more food allergy than the other ages (p < 0.001). The allergic inducing foods were nuts (23.3%), egg (17.8%), milk and dairy products (16.4%), fish and shellfish (13.7%), instant foods (12.3%), fruits (8.2%), soybean (4.1%), meat (2.7%), and cereals (1.4%) in order, and 6 children out of 71 were allergic to more than 2 food items. The clinical symptoms of the food allergy were a skin reaction (87.9%) and an oropharyngeal & respiratory reaction (12.1%). Majority of childcare facilities (80.3%) didn't serve alternative foods for children with food allergy. Necessity for food allergy education was significantly higher in facilities with food allergy issues than without such issues. Conclusions: The Center for Children's Foodservice Management need to educate workers of childcare facilities and parents about managing food allergy and enforce a plan to provide alternative menu to children with food allergies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2023

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is a foodborne pathogen that produces attaching and effacing lesions on the large intestine and causes hemorrhagic colitis. It is primarily transmitted through the consumption of contaminated meat or fresh produce. Similar to other bacterial pathogens, antibiotic resistance is of concern for EHEC. Furthermore, since the production of Shiga toxin by this pathogen is enhanced after antibiotic treatment, alternative agents that control EHEC are necessary. This study aimed to discover alternative treatments that target virulence factors and reduce EHEC toxicity. The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) is essential for EHEC attachment to host cells and virulence, and most of the LEE genes are positively regulated by the transcriptional regulator, Ler. GrlA protein, a transcriptional activator of ler, is thus a potential target for virulence inhibitors of EHEC. To identify the GrlA inhibitors, an in vivo high-throughput screening (HTS) system consisting of a GrlA-expressing plasmid and a reporter plasmid was constructed. Since the reporter luminescence gene was fused to the ler promoter, the bioluminescence would decrease if inhibitors affected the GrlA. By screening 8,201 compounds from the Korea Chemical Bank, we identified a novel GrlA inhibitor named Grlactin [3-[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)methyl]-4-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-one], which suppresses the expression of LEE genes. Grlactin significantly diminished the adhesion of EHEC strain EDL933 to human epithelial cells without inhibiting bacterial growth. These findings suggest that the developed screening system was effective at identifying GrlA inhibitors, and Grlactin has potential for use as a novel anti-adhesion agent for EHEC while reducing the incidence of resistance.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.835-841
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• 2012

본 실험은 저항생제 수준에서 스테비아와 숯의 급여가 돼지의 도체 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 시험구는 일반 기본사료를 기초로 하여 T1(대조구, 기본사료 + 비육전후기 항생제), T2(기본사료 + 0.3% 스테비아 + 0.3% 숯 + 비육전후기 항생제) 및 T3(기본사료 + 0.3% 스테비아 + 0.3% 숯 + 비육전기 항생제)로 나누어 실시하였고, 항생제(oxytetracycline, OTC) 수준은 기존 첨가 수준(110 ppm)의 50%인 55 ppm으로 첨가하였다. 저항생제 돈육생산 가능성을 위하여 비육후기 무항생제 처리를 하였다. 숯과 스테비아, 항생제를 각기 다르게 급여한 돼지의 도체특성에서 A등급 출현율은 T3에서 59%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 등지방 두께는 T2에서 높게 나타났다. 도체장도 T2에서 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 일반성분에서는 모든 처리구에서 유사한 수준을 나타냈다. 육질특성에서 pH는 모든 처리구에서 정상의 범위를 나타내었으며, 보수력은 T3에서 다소 높은 수준이었다. 육즙손실은 T2에서 높은 육즙손실량을 나타내었으며, 가열감량에서도 T2에서 유의적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 전단력은 실험군 간에 차이가 없었다. 육색에서 명도는 T2가 높은 수준이었으며, 근육 내 총콜레스테롤 함량은 T1에서 유의적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 주관적판정에서 T3가 다소 높은 마블링 점수를 나타내었고, 관능검사에서는 T1이 전체기호도에서 다소 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 스테비아와 숯을 먹인 비육후기 무항생제 급여구(T3)가 대조구(T1)와 스테비아와 숯을 먹인 비육전후기 항생제 급여구(T2)와 비교 시 도체 및 육질특성에서 유사한 결과를 나타내는 것으로 보아, 스테비아와 숯이 항생제 대체효과가 있는 것으로 생각되며 저항생제 돈육생산이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.574-585
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate effects of a potato byproduct on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. The palm oil coated potato byproduct was supplemented to the diet of Hanwoo steers to estimate the effect on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics during the late fattening period. Thirteen steers with initial body weight of control ($676.8{\pm}31.7kg$), treatment 1 ($671.8{\pm}46.2kg$) and treatment 2 ($672.8{\pm}31.1kg$) were used for 60 days, respectively. Average daily gain of steers in treatment 2 and control was greater than that in treastment 1 (p > 0.05). All steers in treatment 2 had a grade quality grading system than B in meat quantity and had a meat quality higher than the $1^{st}$ grade. According to the physicochemical analysis of longissimus muscle, treatment 2 had high brightness resulting from high meat quality (p > 0.05), and a decrease in redness and yellowness is seen as a dilution effect due to muscle hypertrophy (p > 0.05). The fatty acid composition showed low levels of linoleic acid (p = 0.039) and arachidonic acid (p = 0.008) in treatment 2. This resulted in lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels (p = 0.034). On the other hand, high levels of oleic acid resulted in high levels of MUFA (p > 0.05). These results indicate that potato byproduct had similar effects with ${\beta}_2-adrenergic$ agonist (${\beta}_2-AA$). And there was no negative effect on the intramuscular fat. In conclusion, palm oil coated potato byproduct could be potentially used as an alternative growth enhancer.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2009

본 시험은 육계 사료 내 사과박 발효물, 계피 및 계피 첨가 사과박 발효물을 첨가 급여시에 육계 생산성, 혈액 성상 및 계육 내 지방산화도에 대해 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 육계 Cobb 종 수컷 총 600수를 5처리 4반복 반복당 30수씩 공시하여 5주간 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 전 기간 동안 증체율 및 사료섭취량은 사과박 발효물을 급여한 처리구에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 최대 30g 이상의 유의적인 개선효과를 나타내었으며(p<0.05), 계피 및 계피 첨가 사과발효물 처리구에서는 무항생제와 비교하였을 때 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 각 처리구간 혈액 생화학 및 혈구 분석에서는 전체 처리구 간 유의적인 차이는 없었지만 Glucose는 계피를 첨가한 처리구에서 감소효과가 나타났으며 향후 이에 대한 좀더 깊은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 지방산화도는 각 처리구간 사이에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결과적으로, 육계 사료 내 사과발효물의 첨가 급여는 육계에서 생산성을 개선시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되며 현재까지 이에 대한 연구가 매우 부족하다는 것을 감안할 때 향후 이에 대한 좀더 깊은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2012

본 연구는 아질산염과 아스코르브산을 직접 첨가하는 방법을 개선, 대체하기 위하여 아질산염과 아스코르브산 유래 가스를 이용하여 유화형 소시지를 제조하고, 발색 및 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 수행하였다. 대조구는 아질산염 150 ppm, 아스코르브산 450 ppm을 직접 첨가하여 제조하였으며, 실험구는 동일량의 아질산염과 아스코르브산을 반응시켜 생성된 가스를 포집하여 유화물 제조에 사용하였다. 대조구 및 실험구에서 원료육 보다 높은 pH를 보였으나, 저장기간 중 pH의 범위가 6.22-6.34로 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 육색의 경우 원료육에 비해 높아진 명도(lightness, CIE $L^*$)와 적색도(redness, $a^*$)를 보였으며, 저장기간 중 실험구가 대조구에 비해 낮은 적색도, 높은 황색도(yellowness, $b^*$)를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 그러나 명도의 경우 실험구와 대조구간 차이를 보이진 않았다. 물리적 특성 변화로 가열 및 저장감량에서 실험구와 대조구간 차이가 관찰되었으나(p<0.05), 보수력 및 전단력에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 저장기간 중 실험구와 대조구 모두에서 저장감량이 증가됨을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 아질산염과 아스코르브산 유래 가스의 처리가 유화물의 발색 및 물리적 특성에 있어 아질산염과 아스코르브산을 직접 처리한 경우와 유사한 효과를 나타내며, 이는 아질산염과 아스코르브산 유래 가스가 아질산염과 아스코르브산을 직접 첨가하는 방법을 개선, 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.659-667
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• 2020

Muscle stem cells isolated from domestic animals, including cows and pigs, were recently spotlighted as candidates for the production of alternative protein resources, so-called cultured meat or lab-grown meat. In the present study, we aimed to optimize the in vitro culture conditions for the long-term expansion of pig muscle stem cells via the screening of various signaling molecules. Pig muscle stem cells were collected from the biceps femoris muscles of 3-d-old crossbred pigs (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, LYD) and cultured in minimum essential medium-based growth media. However, the pig muscle stem cells gradually lost their proliferation ability and featured morphologies during the long-term culture over two weeks. To find suitable in vitro culture conditions for an extended period, skeletal muscle growth medium-2, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580), was used to support the stemness of the pig muscle stem cells. Interestingly, pig muscle stem cells were stably maintained in a long-term culture without loss of the expression of myogenic marker genes as determined by PCR analysis. Immunostaining analysis showed that the stem cells were capable of myogenic differentiation after multiple passaging. Therefore, we found that basal culture conditions containing EGF, dexamethasone, and a p38 inhibitor were suitable for maintaining pig muscle stem cells during expanded culture in vitro. This culture method may be applied for the production of cultured meat and further basic research on muscle development in the pig.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2011

As the world population grows and developing countries become more affluent, the global consumption of meat will increase by more than 50% within the next 10 years. Confronting the increased demand for poultry food products are emerging field diseases, increasing regulatory bans of antimicrobial growth promoters, high-density growth conditions, and waste management. Although biotechnology offers solutions to some of these challenges, basic studies are needed to better understand the complex interaction between the intestinal microbiome, host immunity and the environment. This presentation will focus on emerging strategies to enhance gut immunity and to decrease economic losses due to poultry diseases. This presentation will highlight recent developments in coccidiosis research and provide information on host immunity, immunomodulation, and the latest advances in dietary and nutritional approaches against coccidiosis. Such information will magnify our understanding of host-parasite biology, mucosal immunology, and design of future nutritional interventions and vaccination strategies for coccidiosis.