• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.164-168
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• 2003

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) show large potential applications as diesel substitutes, and they are known as biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel fuel as a renewable energy is an alternative that can reduce energy dependence on petroleum and air pollution. Several processes for the production of biodiesel fuel have been developed. Transesterification process under alkali-catalysis and short-chain alcohol gives high level yield of methyl esters in short reaction times. In this research, transesterification of rapeseed oil was investigated to produce the FAMEs. Experimental reaction conditions included molar ratio of oil to alcohol, concentration of catalyst, types of catalysts, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The conversion ratio of rapeseed oil enhanced with the alcohol-oil mixing ratio and with the reaction temperature.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2009

Vegetable oil and its derivatives as an alternative diesel fuel have become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that they are made from renewable resources. Viscosity is the most significant property to affect the utilization of vegetable oil and its derivatives in the compression ignition engines. This paper presents the existing correlations for predicting the viscosity of vegetable oil and its derivatives for compression ignition engines. According to the parameter considered in the correlations, the empirical correlations can be divided into six groups: correlations as a function of temperature, of proportion, of composition, of temperature and composition, of temperature and proportion, and of fuel properties. Out of physical properties of fuel, there exist in the literature several parameters for giving the influence on kinematic viscosity such as density, specific gravity, the ratio of iodine value over the saponification value, higher heating value, flash point and pressure. The study for the verification of applicability of existing correlations to non-edible vegetable oil and its derivatives is required.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.103.2-103.2
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• 2010

Biodiesel was well known for eco-friendly alternative fuel for petrodiesel. But biodiesel have disadvantage such like it was derived from food resource which was high price. In this study, We synthesized the biodiesel from duck's oil which was food trash via transesterification under base catalyst. After analytic result of density, kinematic viscosity, cold temperature characteristics, lubricity and cetane number which were main fuel characteristics, this duck's biodiesel have enough to fuel specification for except of domestic winter season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

Recently, due to the rapid rise of the international oil price, the burden of fuel oil expense is relatively increasing in a ship. And the international restriction of the greenhouse gas which was generated from the burning of fuel oil is also rapidly strengthened. Therefore, to reduce the greenhouse gas and fuel oil consumption, many shipping company adopted the low speed navigation and it was focused on the improvement of fuel consumption efficiency and the usage of alternative energy in the marine engine development field. In this paper, the fuel oil consumption according to the ship's speed was measured in the actual seas and analyzed the shop test results in the shipyard and the ship navigation data from the abstract log. And then it was proposed that the ship's economic speed was 14~15kts and the optimum rpm was 140~150 in specific sea conditions.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.11-16
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• 2002

This paper describes the power performance and emission characteristics of the high speed direct injection diesel engine (2.9 litter displacements) driven by soybean oil asknown a bio diesel fuel. The results were compared to diesel fuel with blending bio diesel fuels. The soybean bio diesel fuel was added in the diesel fuel in concentration varying from 25% to 75% volume rates. We measured the emissions according to ECE 13 mode and full load, fixedengine speed. When the 25% bio diesel fuel was used, NOx emission at the ECE 13 mode test slightly decreased compared with diesel base engine. Over engine speed of 2000 rpm, the level of unburned hydrocarbon(HC) and carbon monoxide(CO) were the same to the diesel engine. Smoke emission decreased asthe blending bio diesel fuel rate increased.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.97-110
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• 1992

Rape-seed oil has high viscosity and high rubber content like other vegetable oils. When crude rape-seed oil obtained by a general oil extraction process is used in a diesel engine, automization condition during injection is not good and a large amount of combustion product is doposited in a combustion chamber. The improvement of a diesel engine is required to use rape-seed oil as a diesel engine fuel. In this study, the physical and chemical properties and combustion characteristics of rape-seed oil were investigated. The auxiliary aid was developed to improve automization condition and the effect of the auxiliary injection aid on the performance of a diesel engine was determined. The results are as follows. 1) Oil content of rape-seed is 45%. The exraction rate is 33%. The resuls show higher values compared to those of other vegetable oils. 2) The viscosity of rape-seed oil is 50.8 cSt and nearly 14 times of diesel oil viscosity. 3) The heating value and flash point of rape-seed oil are 9720kcal/Kg and 318$^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4) In case rape-seed oil is used as fuel, brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are compared to those of diesel oil. The results of rape-seed oil show 3.6%, 12.7% and 3.1% higher values. 5) Particle size of injection fuel with the auxiliary injection aid on the performance of a diesel engine was determined. The results are as follows. 1) Oil content of rape-seed is 45%. The extraction rate is 33%. The results show higher values compared to those of other vegetable oils. 2) The viscosity of rape-seed oil is 50.8 cSt and nearly 14 times of diesel oil viscosity. 3) The heating value and flash point of rape-seed oil are 9720kcal/Kg and 318.deg.C, respectively. 4) In case rape-seed oil is used as fuel, brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are compared to theose of diesel oil. The results of rape-seed oil show 3.6%, 12.7% and 3.1% higher values. 5) Particle size of injection fuel with the auxiliary injection aids is 100.mu.m smaller than that od injection fuel without the aid. 6) Brake horse power and brake thermal efficiency with the auxiliary injection aid increase 5.07% and 6.07%, respectively. However, specific fuel consumption decreases 3.85% with the auxiliary injection aid.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.147-163
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• 2013

The world faces several issues of energy crisis and environmental deterioration due to over-dependence on single source of which is fossil fuel. Though, fuel is needed as ingredients for industrial development and growth of any country, however the fossil fuel which is a major source of energy for this purpose has always been terrifying thus the need for alternative and renewable energy sources. The search for alternative energy sources resulted into the acceptance of a biofuel as a reliable alternative energy source. This work presents the study of optimization of process of transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using NaOH as catalyst. A $2^4$ factorial design method was employed to investigate the influence of ratio of oil to methanol, temperature, NaOH concentration, and transesterification time on the yield of biodiesel from vegetable oil. Low and high levels of the key factors considered were 4:1 and 6:1 mole ratio, 30 and $60^{\circ}C$ temperatures, 0.5 and 1.0 wt% catalyst concentration, and 30 and 60 min reaction time. Results obtained revealed that oil to methanol molar ratio of 6:1, tranesetrification temperature of $60^{\circ}C$, catalyst concentration of 1.0wt % and reaction time of 30 min are the best operating conditions for the optimum yield of biofuel from vegetable oil, with optimum yield of 95.8%. Results obtained on the characterizzation of the produced biodiesel indicate that the specific gravity, cloud point, flash point, sulphur content, viscosity, diesel index, centane number, acid value, free glycerine, total glycerine and total recovery are 0.8899, 4, 13, 0.0087%, 4.83, 25, 54.6. 0.228mgKOH/g, 0.018, 0.23% and 96% respectively. Results also indicate that the qualities of the biodiesel tested for are in conformity with the set standard. A model equation was developed based on the results obtained using a statistical tool. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of data shows that mole ratio of ground nut oil to methanol and transesterification time have the most pronounced effect on the biodiesel yield with contributions of 55.06% and 9.22% respectively. It can be inferred from the results various conducted that vegetable oil locally produced from groundnut oil can be utilized as a feedstock for biodiesel production.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.29-34
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• 2009

Recently, we have a lot interest in a sudden rise of oil prices and a change weather for the earth warmming, so, development of new alternative fuels need in order to spare fossil fuel and reduce exhaust emissions for air pollution prevention. Biodiesel, which can be generated from natural renewable sources such as new or used vegetable oils or animal fats, may be used as fuel in diesel engine of compression ignition engine. In this paper, the combustion characteristics between neat diesel oil and biodiesel blends(10 vol.% biodiesel and 20 vol.% biodiesel) were tested using four stroke, direct injection diesel engine, especially this biodiesel was produced from soybean oil at our laboratory. This analysis showed that cylinder pressures, the rate of pressure rises and the rate of heat releases were decreased as the blending ratios of biodiesel to diesel oil increased because of lower heating value of biodiesel in spite of increased oxygen content in biodiesel.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1994

The oil crises in 1973 and 1978 stimulated the alternative fuel research activities in many countries around the world. Among the alternative fuels, methanol is one of the highest potential fuels for transportation. Methanol has been considered for use as automotive fuel, but it has a defect of the great latent vaporization heat. Therefore, authors have made the fuel vaporizing device in order to eliminate the fuel film flow heating the mixture. This paper presents a study on the characteristics of vaporization, engine performance, and emission which result from using the fuel vaporizing device.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the usability of the used frying oil, which was extracted from soybean, as one of the alternative fuel of a small diesel engine. For the experiment, NO. 2 diesel oil [D], used frying oil [UF], and their volumetric blends were applied and analysis of the properties and compositions of the experimental fuels were conducted. A four cycle diesel engine with single cylinder, water cooling system, maximum output 8.1 ㎾/2,200 rpm was selected and a direct injection chamber and a precombustion chamber were attached alternately. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Engine power (BHP) were increased from 4.13~4.27㎾ to 9.08~9.15㎾ for diesel oil, from 4.05~4.19㎾ to 8.44~8.92㎾ for UF, and from 4.01~4.48㎾ to 8.69~9.16㎾ for blend fuel, as the engine speed increased from 1,000 rpm to 2,200 rpm. The BHP in case of the direct combustion chamber were fluctuated higher than those of the pre-combustion chamber. 2. With the engine speed increased, torque of the engine were increased from 39.50~40.80 N.m to 42.89 N.m, then decreased to 39.44~39.77 N.m for diesel oil, and increased from 38.73~40.04 N.m to 40.12~40.82 N.m then decreased as 36.53~38.76 N.m for UF. Torque of the blend fuels were increased from 38.75~41.76 N.m to 40.47~42.89 N.m then decreased to 37.73~39.78 N.m. There is no significant difference of torque between the type of combustion chambers. 3. The specific fuel consumption of the UF was increased about 20 percent depending on the engine speed variations. And in case of direct injection chamber, about 12 percent lower fuel consumption was observed than that of precombustion chamber. 4. NOx emission of the UF was higher than that of diesel oil at above 1,800rpm of the engine speed. In case of the direct injection chamber, NOx emission was revealed higher about 59 percent than that of the precombustion chamber, depending on the range of the engine speeds. 5. Smoke emission was decreased in case of UF compared with diesel oil on direct injection chamber. When using precombustion chamber smoke emission was a little higher than that of the direct injection chamber were showed at the engine speed range. 6. At all the engine speed range, exhaust gas temperatures were decreased 2~3$^{\circ}C$ for UF used engine compared with those of the diesel oil. The exhaust gas temperature of the direct injection chamber was higher than that of the precombustion chamber by 72$^{\circ}C$. 7. Unburnt materials remained in the cylinder in case of the pre-combustion chamber was smaller and softer than that of the direct combustion chamber. 8. The feasibility of the blend fuel B-1 and B-2 were verified as a direct combustion chamber was attached to the diesel engine, with respect to the power performance of the engine.