• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.387-411
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• 2014

School violence is now considered not only as a problem for a victim and a offender themselves, but also as a social problem that requires responsibilities of school, home, society, and even nation. Crimes and risk factors are various inside and outside of school. In terms of solving those problems, this study examines the actual condition of school violence among students. In addition, it is considered what efforts are conducted by police to establish a safe school environment and the problems that derive from it. Futhermore, this study aims to discuss the ways of using the private security with regard to dealing with school violence. In this society, the expectation of security service from the police is increased as time passed. However, police has limited resources, thus it is beyond their practice. Policing has changed from being monopolized by government to cooperating with various security agents. Community is not considered as the subject for enforcing the law anymore, but as the cooperator for effective policing. With regard to the limitation of police force, using the private security is an effective alternative. Therefore, it is required that private security should be assigned legal authority and shared information with schools in order to patrol the blind spot. Finally, school violence prevention efforts should be conducted by applying physical and electronic security.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.377-397
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• 2008

In today's secondary school mathematics curriculum, assessment is to be focused on evaluating the student's mathematical thinking rather than finding the correct solution to the problem. A descriptive evaluation method is therefore introduced to the school districts and suggested as an alternative assessment method in K-12 school mathematics. Descriptive evaluation method is widely available for use in schools, but there are barriers to using it since the teachers are forced to use the method by the school districts. In this research, we surveyed 120 secondary school mathematics teachers in Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan area to understand the status and the perception about using descriptive evaluation. The goal of the study was to find and understand the direct implications of using the new assessment method in secondary mathematics classes. The study showed that most of the mathematics teachers used the descriptive assessment method during their regular exam periods which is given twice per semester. Most of the open-ended problems used for descriptive evaluation were medium or high level math questions which were graded by the teachers at least 3 times to ensure objective evaluation. The teachers stated that objectivity in grading, administrative situation, and development of descriptive problems were the difficult barriers in descriptive evaluation. The teachers in the survey also commented that teachers' administrative responsibility should be reduced and that school environment in general should be improved for the new assessment method to become successful. Finally, the study showed that development of more descriptive problems with specific grading guidelines need to be developed for each grade level.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2013

The main goal of the research is to develop instructional consulting manual to help math teachers improve classroom teaching. Improving the quality of teaching in schools is stressed as a central focus of meaningful classroom instruction and high quality education. In this research, teaching consulting was defined as an activity that covers reflection process oriented towards formative assessment and continuing professional development. Within this context, subject-specific teaching consulting and teaching professionalism with focus on PCK was reviewed. Further, the questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of teaching consulting and teachers' needs for consulting. And also, specific examples of subject-specific consulting based on our previous consulting experiences in math classes were shown. Alternative ways to improve subject teaching were derived through the conferences where consultants and consultees analyze video-taped lessons conducted by the consultees. By those results, a manual for invigorating teaching consulting was developed. The contents of the manual consists of setting conditions of teaching consulting and its implementation in the classroom teaching. The first part of the manual contains steps to establish teaching consulting system, the qualification and role of the consultant, system evaluation, etc. The second part of the manual presents the pre-preparation, prescription and implementation and follow-up management steps. Each part of the manual provides consultants with specific guidelines for each step. Finally, recommendations for making policy related to ways to invigorate teaching consulting was suggested. It is expected that specific examples and cases of subject-specific teaching consulting presented in this research will be used to narrow the gap between theory and practice of teaching consulting, and to help math, science and English teachers develop teaching professionalism.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.107-123
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• 2010

This study investigated the content and the effect of peer discussion about classroom practices on their science teaching. Participants included three science teachers with chemistry backgrounds in middle and high schools. Each of them had their classes videotaped and observed the footage as well as discussed the lessons together. The teachers had six meetings on 15 recorded lessons including one meeting beforehand. Teachers' discussions were also audio-taped and the data was transcribed. Teachers extensively discussed their lessons not only in terms of instructional strategies and scientific concepts but also the curriculum organization and teaching goals. Analysis of video-recorded lessons showed that instructional strategies were changed partially, but the aspects of curriculum organization in relation to teaching goals were not changed. Analysis of the recorded data revealed that teachers recognized the problems in their science teaching and considered the practical alternative ideas suggested by peers, but teachers proposed the necessity of experience to practice in their class. The study shows that observing and discussing each other's classes is one possible way to improve the class. Implications about teaching improvement for other teachers were discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the smoking behaviors and the relationship between smoking and other health behaviors among medical students. Methods : A self-administrated questionnaire was administered to a sample of 1,775 students from four medical schools between April and May 2003. Due to the small number of female smokers, the characteristics of smoking behaviors were analyzed only for males. Results : A total of 1,367 students (920 males and 447 females) completed the questionnaires, with an overall response rate of 77.7%. The smoking rates for males and females were 31.5, and 2.2%, respectively. Among the male smokers, 70.7% smoked daily, and 39.0% smoked one pack or more per day. Male students on medical course were more likely to smoke daily, and one pack or more per day, than those on premedical course. Male daily smokers desired to quit smoking less than occasional smokers, and 65.0% of male daily smokers were not ready to quit compared with 37.8% of the occasional smokers. Among the male daily smokers, 29.6% were severely nicotine dependent. The most common reason for not to quit smoking among male smokers was 'no alternative stress coping method' (44.4%), followed by 'lack of will power' (25.4%), and 'no need to quit' (19.4%). Compared with male non-smokers, male smokers were more likely to drink alcohol more often and in larger amounts, take coffee more often, eat breakfast less regularly, and be overweight or obese. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that many male medical students were serious smokers, especially those on medical course. It is necessary to install a smoking prevention program for pre-medical students, provide effective smoking cessation methods for smokers, teach positive stress coping methods, and make the school environment suitable for coping with stress.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.627-644
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• 2009

In the knowledge-based economy highlighting the importance of human capital, there has been a growing interest in human capital externalities as a fundamental engine of growth and development of a region. The purpose of this study is to analyze human capital externalities using 3-level hierarchical linear model(3-HLM), decomposing determinants of wages into three levels involving workers(level-1) nested within firms(level-2) nested within regions(level-3). This study separately estimates the effect of the average education level on the wages by three different schooling groups on the assumption that the intensity of knowledge spillovers varies with each group's schooling level. The main results are as follows; First, the coefficient of the average education level of a region shows 0.044, indicating that one-year increase in the average level of schooling could increase average individual earnings by 4.4%. Secondly, the external effects of human capital on three different schooling groups are considerably different, raising less than high school graduates' wages by 3.0%, college graduates' wages by 4.7%, and graduate schools' wages by 11.8%, respectively. Thirdly, well educated workers are much more sensitive to the variation of the regional education level than less educated ones when we apply the shares of each schooling group as alternative measures for the average level of education. Such findings of this study draw an implication that local governments could speed up regional economic growth in the knowledge-based economy by not only raising total human capital stock in a region but building the close networks that promote productivity-enhancing human capital external effects.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.95-117
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• 2003

This study is to suggest the alternative to limits of intelligence focused on Psychometric tests. Through this study, it was found that triarchic theory of intelligence and thinking styles, which were suggested by Sternberg, were useful. The subjects are 122 student who are at three science-high-schools. The results show that the subjects preferred judicial, executive, and hierarchical rather than conservative styles of thinking, and they had strong analytical, creative, and practical ability. The correlation between academic achievement and triarchic intelligence except automation was significant. The difference of academic achievements was not significant by styles of thinking related to creativity and pattern of triarchic intelligence. There was no interaction between two variables as we expected. The practical ability illustrated the total academic performance very well. And executive, judicial thinking styles were prediction variable in case of considering with triarchic intelligence. Through the results, it could be suggested that triarchic intelligence and thinking styles of non cognitive concept could be important standard referred to selection for the science-gifted, and argued that the reform of the science-high-school was needed to produce the creative-productive science-gifted student.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.79-85
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• 2016

This research aimed at investigating the implications of the view of human beings of Heidegger's 'Da-Sein' on the establishment of the school educational objective. The traditional western view of human beings is a rational human one. Hume criticized such a rational human view already through his unique (naturalistic) view, which is a treatise of passion. However, Hume's emotional human view still remained a functional human view, which is essentially the same as the rational human view. Nevertheless, Heidegger intended to depart from the functional human view through his existential human view, suggesting a new concept of 'Da-Sein'. 'Da-Sein' is an alternative term that Heidegger created to replace the term, human, in order to dissolve the prejudice, 'animal rationale', inherent in this term. 'Da-Sein' has three characteristics, i.e. Existenzialit, Jemeinigkeit, and 'In-der-Welt-sein'. These three characteristics of 'Da-Sein' have the following implications for the establishment of the school educational objective First, the school educational objective should be stated in terms that have significance for the students and help them to continuously develop their self. Second, the school educational objective should be realized by the students in various ways. Third, the school educational objective should include a sense of universality that can be shared by the students. The current change of the school educational objective in some schools which is based on the students' happiness has an aspect related to the significance of 'Da-Sein'. The establishment of the school educational objective based on Heidegger's 'Da-Sein' could open the way to education that considers the true existence characteristics of human beings.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.4
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• pp.61-78
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• 2003

This research was conducted to identify the factors that cause school related stress among middle school students, and to develop countermeasures in order to prevent the rebellious acts of middle school students that are on the rise and to pursue after effective guidance measures. To achieve these research objectives, 856 questionnaires were distributed to the two middle schools, situated in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi Province, and these questionnaires were analyzed, using the SPSS statistical package program. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Perceived factors for School Related Stress Overall average of the perceived degree school related stress factors was a level that goes beyond the normalcy. Stress on the grade was the highest Among these, the average of question items that addressed decrease in grade was the highest of all items followed by class factors, teacher-related factors, friend-related factors, and environmental factors. Accordingly, this research demonstrated that the students feel pressured by the university entrace examination and a school life that is focused on grades. The teacher-related factors and class factors were higher than the average, and others were relatively low. 2. School Related Stress according by Individual All the factors for school related stress were statistically significant difference according to the gender, and teacher-related factors, class factors, and environmental factors were statistically significant difference according to their school years. Their grade made their grade factors statistically significant difference, and the number of friends produced a statistically significant difference result on the teacher-related factors. Wheather they had extra classes or not made a statistically significant difference result on the class factors and environmental factors, and especially the time of doing physical exercises produced statistically significant difference on the environmental factors. 3. Countermeasures for School Related Stress according by Individual As for the countermeasures for school related stress according to the individuality, the active reacting was statistically significant difference according to the gender index, and the student's degree to react passively was statistically significant difference according to their grade. The students in different school years showed statistically significant difference reactions in both passive ways and active ways. students tended to react differently in an unreality index. Lastly, Wheather they had extra classes and physical exercises made then to react passively or actively. When the results are compiled, students are most affected by the stress related to grades, which reflected the university entrance examination oriented school life. An alternative is that the development of educational program that factors in the students' talents and aptitude is needed urgently. Moreover, character and career path related guidance and education are just as important as the academics. Given that the stress factors exert some degree of influence on the countermeasures, it is necessary to block the factors in advance and for all the teachers and parents to make an effort to react actively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.546-558
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• 2019

Health inequality means health gaps that can be affected adverse effects to the vulnerable groups in a society. Many scholars argue that it is needed social interventions to reduce health gaps between the vulnerable and the privileged in a society, because social inequalities can be caused and resulted health inequality among them. In this context, this article introduces Korean out of school children health check-up as part of the policies to reduce health inequality in the society. For a long time, many out of school children have been alienated from the national health checkup systems. That means they are not only marginalized groups in Korean society, but also excluded from the benefits of health promotion and health management. Many runaway youths are struggling to live by themselves, who are escaped from their families and they don't have enough resources to keep their health. They are also young and low waged workers who are expelled to the streets, while they don't have any support and protection from the communities. Out of school children health checkup has been conducted to the adolescents who stay in the shelters or study in alternative schools. To get meaningful results as the health inequality reduction policy, it is needed to expand out of children health checkup to the runaway teenagers.