• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2023

In eukaryotic cells, a key RNA processing step to generate mature mRNA is the coupled reaction for cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) at the 3' end of individual transcripts. Many transcripts are alternatively polyadenylated (APA) to produce mRNAs with different 3' ends that may either alter protein coding sequence (CDS-APA) or create different lengths of 3'UTR (tandem-APA). As the CPA reaction is intimately associated with transcriptional termination, it has been widely assumed that APA is regulated cotranscriptionally. Isoforms terminated at different regions may have distinct RNA stability under different conditions, thus altering the ratio of APA isoforms. Such differential impacts on different isoforms have been considered as post-transcriptional APA, but strictly speaking, this can only be considered "apparent" APA, as the choice is not made during the CPA reaction. Interestingly, a recent study reveals sequential APA as a new mechanism for post-transcriptional APA. This minireview will focus on this new mechanism to provide insights into various documented regulatory paradigms.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2023

This study investigated the awareness and consumption behavior of 118 vegetarians and omnivores toward plant-based dairy alternatives. The preference and choice attribute questionnaires were compared. Significant differences were obtained between the two groups when considering the purchase experience, preference, and selection attributes of plant-based dairy alternatives. Vegetarians had more experience purchasing plant-based dairy alternative products. In both groups, environmental and animal protection were the major factors that influenced the highest response rate for purchasing plant-based dairy alternatives. The preference score of vegetarians for plant-based dairy alternative products was high, indicating that vegetarianism had a significant effect on their preference for plant-based dairy alternative products. Analysis of selection attributes revealed that price, product weight, appearance, and manufacturer were considered important by vegetarians, whereas nutritional components and labeling, manufacturing environment, composition of ingredients, and taste and texture were considered more important by the omnivores. Results of this study can be used as basic data for the future development of the fast-growing industry producing plant-based dairy alternative products.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.223-252
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• 2008

본 연구에서 우리는 시장 자료가 부족한 상황에서 개인레벨과 총량레벨 모두에서 신상품들과 기존 상품들 간의 동태적 대체, 경쟁을 예측하는데 적합하도록 전환비용 요소가 포함된 신 구상품간 대체 경쟁 예측 선택기반 확산 모형을 제안하고자 한다. 추가적으로, 우리는 제안된 모형을 디지털 케이블 TV, IPTV 등이 포함된 신규 유료 양방향 방송서비스들과 기존의 아날로그 케이블 TV가 대표하는 구 유료 방송 서비스간에 벌어지는 대체 및 경쟁 예측 사례에 적용하여 본 모형의 의의를 밝히며, 또한 관련된 실증적 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 실증 적용 결과, 유료 방송서비스 시장에 있어선 기존 상품과 전환 비용을 고려하지 않고 신상품 수요 예측을 하는 경우, 초기 확산 속도를 과대 추정하거나 왜곡된 예측 경향이 존재하여, 보다 현실적이고 보수적인 신상품 수요 예측을 위해 이들의 반영이 필요함을 밝혀, 본 연구에서 제안된 모형의 의의를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 제안된 모형이 S자 곡선을 미리 가정하기보다, 실증 대상의 속성이 소비자의 상태전환에 미치는 영향의 정도에 따라 유연한 형태의 총량시장 성장 곡선을 도출함을 확인하였다. 실증적으로는 여러 가격 조합에 대해 IPTV가 디지털 케이블 TV에 비해 더 선호되어 가입자 확보 면에서 우위에 있을 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 기존 상품인 아날로그케이블 TV의 경우 열위의 서비스 속성에도 불구하고, 가격에서의 우위와 높은 전환비용의 존재로 인해 급격한 대체보다 점진적인 대체가 이루어질 가능성이 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2002

화물수단선택모형 구축은 화물 및 물류관련 연구에 있어서 중요한 역할을 차지한다. 그러나 이러한 화물수단 선택 모형을 구축하기 위해 실제 관측되는 자료(Revealed Preference:RP)를 이용하는 데는 한계가 존재하며 따라서 선호의식 기법을 활용한 Stated Preference(SP) 자료가 화물수단 선택 모형을 구축하는데 중요한 자료로 사용된다 SP 자료는 이처럼 화물교통 자료의 현실적인 한계를 극복할 수 있지만 SP자료를 이용하여 구축되어지는 화물수단모형인 경우 조사기법의 한계로 RP자료에는 존재하지 않는 편의가 발생한다. 본 논문은 SP 자료를 이용하여 수단선택모형 구축시 발생하는 편의 제거에 대한 연구이다. 특히 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션 방법을 이용하여 개인의 다양한 선택행태 다양성(heterogeneity)과 이러한 다양성이 SP 다음 질문에 전이되는 문제점을 극복하는 새로운 개념의 화물수단 선택 로짓모형을 제시한다. 또한 단순 로짓모형이 갖고 있는 IIA 특성을 극복하는 화물수단 선택모형도 제시한다. 본 연구를 통해 화물교통에 존재하는 화주의 다양한 선택행태 분석뿐만 아니라 SP 수단선택 모형이 갖는 편의 극복에 본 연구가 일조하기를 기대한다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.133-157
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• 2012

This paper aims to propose the strategy making in social enterprise for ensuring organizational sustainability and governance of social enterprise from systems thinking's perspective. Based on previous reviews on organizational sustainability and theories of governance currently advocated in the social enterprise literature, we use 'Holon Dynamics' approach, which is a synthesis of System Dynamics and Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), offers the problem-solving method for dealing with social contexts and "ill-defined" situations. To do so, a researcher carried out the interpretive action research using 'Holon Dynamics' approach from September, 2009 to August, 2010. The outcomes of research are summarized as follows. Firstly, systems methodologies are useful to offer a strategic choice that makes to achieve an organizational sustainability in the case of Korean social enterprise; 'the Rediscovery of Korea'. Secondly, systems thinking offers an alternative concept of system, which is known as an 'appreciative system' that is evolved from the mental constructs amongst participants in given situations. Lastly, the paper delineates the usefulness of systems thinking and the process of inquiry, which deal with social contexts (including cultural and political factors), are contributed to making the necessary conditions for organizational legitimacy and the appropriate strategic choice for social enterprise within combined functioning of the two roles of social and commercial activities from systemic perspectives.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The experience of many countries strongly suggests that bad governments and institutions have been a serious, if not the most serious, obstacle to economic growth and industry-structural adjustments. All public sectors pursue a mix of both predatory and productive activities-bad governments emphasizing the former, while good governments finding a way of promoting the later. In fishery public policy studies, much confusion exists about the roles of policy illustration and prescription. In general fishery public sectors involve collective actions by numerous individuals under conditions of uncertainty, complexity, bounded rationality, and imperfect information structure. All collective fisheries action organizations consist of a center(e.g., government), which leads fishery group actions, and peripheral participants(e.g., fishermen), which are controlled by the government. A paradigm is developed that gives both theoretical and empirical meaning to the constitutional determination of fisheries political preference function or fishery public sector governance structures. Three relevant spaces are specified: policy instrument, results, and constitutional. The collective-choice rules of the constitutional space structure the tradeoff between public and special fishery interest groups. Fishery public sectors seeking sustainable reductions in wasteful rent-seeking fishing activities should select constitutional principles and institutional structures that tend to promote resource sustainability. In particular, the effects of internal and external events on fisheries may result in a greater or lesser concentration of interest group power. Thus, the structure of the fishereis political power must be assessed in any prescriptive evaluation of alternative fishery governance weights.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.703-713
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• 2015

Consumers' psychological demands for e-tail shopping have increased as websites have become one of the most dominant retail outlets for various fashion products. The lack of realistic social stimuli in virtual contexts (websites) has been a major limitation for many online shoppers. Prior research has focused on the viable role of technology to improve positive social factors in e-tailing; however, this study tests the role of tone in text in fashion e-tail sites on consumers' trust and choice confidence. We conducted a self-administered online survey with 309 individuals from the U.S.. The results indicated positive effects of casual tone in text-based content of a fashion e-tail site on trust and confidence. Trust also has a significant positive effect on confidence. Both trust and confidence improved purchase intention. Given the high price of employing an avatar or simulated salesperson online, using tone in text to increase positive social effect on shoppers can be a positive alternative when managers plan e-tail strategies contributing to consumers' positive shopping experience online. Discussions and study limitations are provided.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.761-768
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• 1993

Angioaccess has become increasingly important to vascular surgeons as more patients with end stage renal disease[ESRD] are being supported by hemodialysis. Because of the rapid increase in the number of patients undergoing hemodialysis in recent years, it has become necessary to develope alternative vascular access procedures. During the period from December 1986 to December 1992, 290 cases of arteriovenous fistula and associated operations for hemodialysis were performed at Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University. They Consisited of 175 male and 115 female, ranging in age from 8 and 79 years. The procedure of first choice, the Brescia`s original radial artery-cephalic vein arteriovenous fistula was performed upon 219 patients. In many patients, the radial artery-cephalic vein fistula cannot be performed because of inadequate vein or failure of previous radial artery-cephalic vein fistula. The waiting time until initiation of venous puncture for the first hemodialysis session was 3 days. The second choice of angioaccess, using the brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula and brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula at antecubital fossa, ulnobasilic arteriovenous fistula, femorosaphenous arteriovenous fistula, and radiobasilic arteriovenous fistula with saphenous in situ routes, was obtained in 17, 7, 4, 2 and 1 patients. Interposition grafts, the third choice of angioaccess, were performed upon 2 patients. Twenty seven patients underwent revisions or thrombectomies. The purpose of this report is to review the technique of this procedure and discuss the longterm results.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2016

Purpose - There are numerous theories for retail trade area analysis which are designed to select candidate locations for new stores. In this study, comparative analysis on the characteristics from those of the theories are shown, and the explanation for the power in consumers' store-choice behaviors and their limitations are examined. Also, plans for improving commercial sphere analysis are explored. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is based on literature reviews with normative research methodology. Among many researches regarding the analysis on the location and commercial sphere for launching a new store, researches relying on statistics are excluded in this study since they belong to the marketing research area,. Results - In the Law of retail gravitation, Huff's model multinomial logit model and etc. are mutual complementary mathematical techniques for analyzing commercial spheres and each of them has its own characteristics. These theories rely on the same hypothesis in which consumers are all believed to be behaving rationally under a similar behavioral system. However, the trial in explaining or estimating behavior of choosing a store with only a select size of the population that is objectively estimated by some major properties has limits in its credibility. Conclusion - Research on consumer's spatial behaviors can be fully illustrative and explainable when it has both quantitative approaches such as 'law of retail gravitation', 'logit model' and etc., and qualitative approaches like consumer's 'cognitive structure', 'learning status', 'image formation', 'attitude' and etc.

• 논리연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to defend Kripke's theory of truth from Simmons' objection. First after introducing various sorts of the liar paradox, briefly I explain Tarski's attempt to solve the puzzle. Then, I outline Kripke's solution by using the concept of 'fixed point'. Simmons offers an interesting objection against Kripke's solution. He uses a diagonal argument in his attack to Kripke's idea. I claim that Simmons seem to use 'exclusion negation' in refuting Kripke. I think, however, there is an alternative interpretation, which is 'choice negation'. With using choice negation, I maintain that Kripke's theory of ruth can be defended from Simmons' objection.