• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 1999

Reconstruction of the past vegetational changes of Korea in connection with climate changes enables to understand the impacts of past and future global warming on alpine vegetation. Despite the early appearance of the cold-tolerant vegetation since the Mesozoic Era. the occurrence of warmth-tolerant vegetation during the Oligocene and Miocene implies that most of alpine and subalpine vegetations have been confined to the alpine and subalpine belts of northern Korean Peninsula. The presence of cold-episodes during the Pleistocene. however. might have caused a general southward and downslope expansions of cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation. But the climatic warming trend during the Holocene or post-glacial period eventually has isolated cold-tolerant alpine and subalpine vegetation mainly in the northern Korea. but also on scattered high mountains in the southern Korea. The presence of numerous arctic-alpine and alpine plants on the alpine and subalpine belts is mainly due to their relative degree of sensitivity to high summer temperatures. Global warming would cause important changes in species composition and altitudinal distributional pattern. The altitudinal migration of temperate vegetation upward caused by climatic warming would eventually devastate alpine plants.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2001

The alpine grassland vegetation at the northwest slope of Mt. Paektu were investigated by Penound- Howard's cover-degree method. The floristic composition of the alpine grassland from 2,100m altitude to the top of mountain were 35 species, 1 subspecies, and 6 varieties, and most of the plants were short p e r e ~ i a l herbs and shrubs. The dominant species of the vegetation distributed along to altitude were Rhododendron aureum (2,100-2,20Om), Dryas octopetala var. asiatica(2,200-2,30Om), Dryas octopetala var. asiatica(2,300-2,40Om), Rhododendron aureum- Rhododendron redowskianum(2,400-2,50Om), and Rhododendron redowskianum(2,500- 2,58Om), respectively. Characteristics of the shrub plants which settled in alpine grassland showed uniform low height(3-15cm), creeping stem and evergreen leaf. Life form of the plants were 29 species of Hemicryptophyte, 8 species of Chamaephyte, 1 species of Geophyte, and 5 species of Phanerophyte. (Key words : Alpine grassland, Mt. Paektu, Altitude, Dominant, Life form)

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_2호
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• pp.541-547
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• 1998

The flora and vegetation of the alpine grassland at Dalmoon on Mt. Paektu were investigated on July 24, 1997 by 1 m ${\times}$ 1 m quadrat method. The flora of the vascular plants investigated on this alpine grassland was 36 taxa belonging to 17 families, 35 genera, 29 species, 3 subspecies, 4 varieties. Te leading families were Compositae (7 taxa) and Gramineae (4 species), and the forb was more than the grass. Four dwarf shrubs which were Salix metaformosa, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica, Rhododendron aureum and Vaccinium vitis-idaea were found at the studied sites. This alpine grassland was composed of 17 communities, Astragalus uliginosus, Sanguisorba sitchensis, Deschampsia caespitosa were dominated over 18, 5 and 4 quadrats, respectively.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-414
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• 2017

Vegetation and landscape characteristics at the three highest summits of Republic of Korea, i.e. Seoraksan, Jirisan and Hallasan, are analyzed on the basis of species composition, physiognomy, vegetation distribution and structure of alpine plants, along with landform, geology, soil and habitat conditions. Dominant high mountain plants at three alpine and subalpine belts contain deciduous broadleaved shrub, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum (31.6%), and evergreen coniferous small tree, Pinus pumila (26.3%) at Seoraksan, deciduous broadleaved tree, Betula ermanii (35.3%), evergreen coniferous tree, Picea jezoensis (23.5%) at Jirisan, and evergreen coniferous tree, Abies koreana (22.6%), deciduous broadleaved shrub, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii (19.4%) at Hallasan, respectively. Presence of diverse landscapes at the peak of Seoraksan, such as shrubland, grassland, dry land along with rocky areas, and open land may be the result of hostile local climate and geology. High proportion of grassland and wetland at the top of Jirisan may related to gneiss-based gentle topography and well developed soil deposits, which are beneficial to keep the moisture content high. Occurrence of grassland, shrubland, dry land, conifer vegetation, and rocky area at the summit of Hallasan may due to higher elevation, unique local climate, as well as volcanic origin geology and soil substrates. Presences of diverse boreal plant species with various physiognomy at alpine and subalpine belts, and wide range of landscapes, including rocky, grassland, shrubland, wetland, and conifer woodland, provide decisive clues to understand the natural history of Korea, and can be employed as an relevant environmental indicator of biodiversity and ecosystem stability.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.40-43
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• 2005

The island alpine biogeography of Mt. Halla (Hallasan), Jeju Island (Jejudo), Korea is discussed. The presence of numerous species of alpine flora on Mt. Halla, the southernmost distributional limit for certain species, may primarily be attributed to palaeo-environmental factors, since it can not be wholly explained by reference to current environmental conditions. The alpine flora on the peak of Mt. Halla, mainly above 1,500m a.s.l, is evidently descended from immigrants from NE Asia via the Korean Peninsula during the epochs of the Ice Age. These plants, which are very intolerant of competition with temperate vegetation, have been able to persist in alpine belts thanks to their harsh climatic conditions, sterile soil, rugged topography and cryoturbation. The alpine plants on Hallasan are in a stage or process of retreat toward the mountaintop, most likely due to recent climatic amelioration. The lower limit of some species seems to coincide with maximum summer isotherms. The continued survival of arctic-alpine and alpine plants on the summit of Hallasan, Jejudo, the Korean Peninsula, however, is in danger, if global warming associated with the greenhouse effect continues.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2014

점봉산 습지를 포함하여 정족산 무제치늪, 대암산 용늪, 오대산 질뫼늪, 지리산 왕등재늪 등 한반도 고산습지의 화분조성에서 고산 지역의 식생변천과 기후변화를 검토하였다. 약 2,000년간의 역사시대 동안 고산습지에서는 충적평야에 형성되는 저층습원과 달리 인간의 간섭이 적었다. 이들 다섯개 고산습지의 화분분석에서 Pinus와 Quercus 우점시기, 화분조성과 역사서에 근거하여 약 2,000~1,000년 BP, 약 1,000~400년 BP, 그리고 약 400년 BP부터 현재까지의 세 시기별 식생변화와 기후변화를 논의하였다. 약 1,000~400년 BP에 가장 온난했으며, 약 2,000~1,000년 BP보다 고온이었다. 약 400년 BP 이후에는 역사 시대에 가장 한랭했던 소빙기의 특징을 보인다. 역사시대 한반도 고산습지의 화분조성과 식생환경의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, Quercus 속이 우점한다. 둘째는 NAP/AP 값이 지속적으로 낮아서 삼림이 울창하였다. 셋째, 해안충적평야에 비해 화분대 구분이 뚜렷하게 세분된다. 넷째, 식생에 대한 인간 간섭이 400년 BP 이후 본격적으로 이루어졌으며, 저층습원에 비해 적어도 1,500년 내지 2,000년 늦었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

Korea's researchers have recently studied the prediction of forest change, but they have not considered landuse/cover change compared to distribution of forest vegetation. The purpose of our study is to predict forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula in the 2090's. The methods of this study were Multi-layer perceptrom neural network for Landuse/cover (water, urban, barren, wetland, grass, forest, agriculture) change and Multinomial Logit Model for distribution prediction for forest vegetation (Pinus densiflora, Quercus Spp., Alpine Plants, Evergreen Broad-Leaved Plants). The classification accuracy of landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula was 71.3%. Urban areas expanded with large cities as the central, but forest and agriculture area contracted by 6%. The distribution model of forest vegetation has 63.6% prediction accuracy. Pinus densiflora and evergreen broad-leaved plants increased but Quercus Spp. and alpine plants decreased from the model. Finally, the results of forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change increased Pinus densiflora to 38.9% and evergreen broad-leaved plants to 70% when it is compared to the current climate. But Quercus Spp. decreased 10.2% and alpine plants disappeared almost completely for most of the Korean Peninsula. These results were difficult to make a distinction between the increase of Pinus densiflora and the decrease of Quercus Spp. because of they both inhabit a similar environment on the Korean Peninsula.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.435-448
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• 1991

Mt. paektu(altitude 2,749.6m) is ecologically important because successional processes following volcanic eurption are quite clear. We investigated plant communities with altitude know vertical distribution of plant vegetation on the north-western slope of Mt. paektu was divided into five parts; the pine-hardwood forest zone(600∼1,000m alt.), the lower coniferous forest zone (1,000∼1,500 m alt.), the upper coniferous forest and birch forest zone(1,500∼2,000 m alt.), the alpine shrub zone(2,000∼2,500 m alt.) and the alpine meadow zone(2,500∼2,749 m alt.). In particular, the alpine zone was divided into alpine shrub and alpine meadow zones and distributed up to 2,500m alt. these results reflet the adaptations of these shrubs at this altitude. But these shrubby communities disappeared on the alpinemeadow zone. In the alpine meadow zone above than 2,500m alt., some meadows, papaver radicatum var pscudoradicatum. bistorta ochotensis, chrysathemum zawadskii var. latilobum etc., were occured.

• 한국제4기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국제4기학회 2002년도 한몽 제1차 합동세미나 발표요지
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• pp.87-88
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• 2002

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2002

중국측 백두산의 청석봉 서쪽사면에 발달한 고산초원(고산툰드라)의 식생을 표고에 따라 조사하였다. 고산초원에서 자생하는 식물은 30종, 2아종, 3변종이었다. 표고 1,800m에서 2,l00m 사이에는 총 25종의 식물이 출현하였으며 화살곰취, 박새, 꿩의 다리의 피도계급이 높았다. 2,l00m에서 2,l00m 사이에서는 총 29종의 식물이 출현하였으며 들쭉나무와 노랑만병초가, 2,l00m에서 2,600m까지는 총 21종의 식물이 출현하였으며 노랑만병초의 피도계급이 가장 높았다. 본 조사지역에서 자생하는 식물의 생활형은 총 35종 중에서 지표식물 7종, 반지중식물 27종, 지중식물 1종이었다. 개화한 식물은 총 19종이며 화살곰취, 박새, 꿩의 다리, 금매화, 애기금매화, 개감채는 개화절정기였다.