• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.38-60
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• 2004

We made an experiment if the extracts of DanGuiBoHyulTangGami-Bang(DBTG) and 15 kinds of the medical herbs used the materials of DBTG were effective on the hair formation palpation and the falling out of hair, and came to the following conclusions. 1. The extracts of Paeonia lactiflora, Cuscuta chinensis and Angelica tenuissima of DBTG consisted of the 15 kinds of the medical herbs kept the activity of 5${\alpha}$-reductase type Ⅱ from being active 75.3$\%$, 63.8$\%$. 75.5$\%$. 2. The hair growth index, 1.6(control group 0.8) of the extracts of DBTG bas a little effect on the hair growth palpation and that of Rubus coreanus 1.8(control group 0.4) was the most effective one of the medical herbs, and Paeonia lactiflora 2.3(control group 1.7) and Vitex rotundifolia 2.3(control group 1.5) showed the effect on hair formation palpation. 3. The hair growth period couldn't be extended by DBTG in this experimental stage. 4. The 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBTG didn't have effects in dermal papilla cells DNA increase, IGF- I, KGF, HGF the revelation of a gene heredity, the protein synthesis of the hair follicle tissues. 5. All of the 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBTG didn't have the antibacterial activity in Paper disc rule. 6. The results from the test of a radical scavenging activity of the 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBTG showed that the extracts of Paeoria lactiflora, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rubus coreanus have the superior antioxidant activity in the concentration of 0.01$\%$ and 0.001$\%$ 7. In the formation controlled experiment, Vitex rotundifolia (70.6$\%$), Scutellaria baicalensis (47.1$\%$, Saposhnikovia (44.8$\%$) of the 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBTG in the 50㎍／㎖ concentration controled NO forming and Vitex rotundifolia (12.7$\%$) controled NO forming in the 5㎍／㎖ concentration in order. 8. MTT(lC／50) of the extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Scutellaria baicalensis, Lycium chinense, Rubus coreanus of the 15 kinds of constitution medicines of DBIG was more than 500㎍／㎖ and had the least cell virulence.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.531-543
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• 1996

This study was done to develop a Maternal Identity Scale for Pregnant Women and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. A convenience sample of 161 pregnant women were asked to complete the MISP questionnaire which consisted of 45 item, this was done from December 20, 1995 to January 15, 1996. The research procedure were as follows. The first step was to identify a conceptual definition of maternal identity using Robin(1984)'s maternal identity and maternal experience during pregnancy. The second step was to operationalize the maternal identity, that is, perception of image possible of selves as mother, maternal role play by imagination, and the experiences of various emotional responses which are embedded in the mother-fetus dyad. The third step was item development which resulted in 45 items as appropriate measurement of maternal identity are except for the perception of image possible of selves as mother. The result findings were as follows : 1) Four factors for MISP (finally 40 items) were extracted through the principal component analysis and varimax rotation, and these contributed 49.3% of the variance in the total score. All 40 items in the scale loaded above .43 on one of 4 factors. 2) Each factor was named : factor 1 was named maternal role imagery and has 10 items, factor 2 was named happiness and has 11 items, factor 3 was named maternal fetal interaction and has 10 items, and the last factor 4 was named negative emotion and has 9 items. 3) Cronbach's -alpha coefficient for internal consistsncy was .92 for the total 40 items and .89, .90, .86, .78 for the four subscales in that order. Recommendations are suggested below : 1) The developed MISP be used to assess maternal readiness in pregnancy. 2) Replication study be done to test validity and relaibility. 3) For the overall measure of Maternal Identity in Pregnancy, scale for the perception of image possible of selves as mother, and cognitive domain be reorganized for the maternal identity in pregnancy. 4) It is necessary to identify variables that influences maternal pregnancy. 5) It Is necessary to identify that maternal identity in pregnancy is a reliable index of motherhood, to do correlation studies on maternal identity and major maternal variables in maternal transition period, to reoperationalize the maternal identity in postpartum, and finally to designate a longitudinal study of the maternal identity changes or stabilities.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2015

Objectives This study was carried out to find the effects of Gami-cheongyulsaseub-tang (hereinafter referred to GCST) on the inhibition of zymosan-induced pain in rats and collagen II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mouse. Methods As an acute inflammatory pain model, peripheral inflammation was induced by intraplantar injection of zymosan into the right hind paw in rats and then the hyperalgesia and pain regulating factors in spinal cord were analyzed. As a chronic inflammation model, the mixture of collagen II and complete Freund's adjuvant was treated into mice to establish rheumatoid arthritis and then body weight, thickness of hind paw, pathological change of spleen, immunological rheumatoid factor (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgM and anti-collagen II), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and bone injury were analyzed. Results In the acute inflammatory pain model, GCST significantly inhibited the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and the pain regulating factors, including Fos, CD11b, PKA and PKC, in the spinal cord with a dose-dependent manner. In the chronic rheumatoid arthritis model, GCST administration decreased arthritic index and paw edema as compared with CIA control group. In particular, GCST reduced significantly the serum levels of total IgG2a, IgG2b, IgM, and specific anti-collagen II, but not total IgG1. GCST also resulted in the attenuation of bone injury and spleen enlargement/adhesion in CIA mice. Moreover, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in CIA mice was significantly reduced by GCST in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Comparison of the results in this study showed that GCST had anti-nociceptive and immunomodulatory effects. These data imply that GCST can be used as an effective drug for not only rheumatoid arthritic pain but also other auto-immune diseases.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2011

본 연구는 우리나라 벤처기업규모의 진화과정이 기존 기업규모에 무 작위적인 진화과정인지 (Gibrat's Law) 또는 자기조직화의 과정을 따를 지(Pareto Law)에 대한 실증분석을 실시하는 데 목적에서 수행되었다. 이 연구목적을 위하여 두 가지 진화과정에 대한 이론적 가능성을 설명하고, 2005년도부터 2008년도까지 92개 코스닥상장 기술벤처기업대상으로 실증적 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석결과를 간단하게 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 벤처기업규모의 집중도를 나타내는 지니계수변화는 종업원 수의 관점에서 집중도는 2005년도에 비하여 2008년도에 상대적으로 감소하였으나, 매출액 규모에서는 기업규모집중도가 증가하고 있음을 보였다. 둘째, 우리나라 벤처기업규모의 진화과정은 자기조작화의 메커니즘이 작동되는 멱 함수 법칙을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 추정된 파레토 계수는 1보다 작게 나타났으며, 추정된 계수는 통계적으로 유의한 값을 보였다. 셋째, 우리나라 벤처기업규모의 초기 설립에서부터 장기적 기업성장을 통하여 최상위 기업규모그룹에 속할 수 있는 확률은 6.9%로 전망되었다. 이러한 실증분석결과는 초기에 나타난 벤처기업규모가 장기적 벤처기업진화에 매우 중요한 역할을 수행함을 제시한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.167-189
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the factors which are related to Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of female for prevention of osteoporosis. We measured the BMD of lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck in 4802 female, using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DEXA; DPX-alpha. Lunar, U.S.A.). and then analysed the 9 factors-age group, body mass index(BMI), amount of smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and fast blood sugar-which are related to BMD of female. The following results were obtained : 1. In age group, T-score was the highest at 36－42(六七) years group in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and at 15－21(三七) years group in femoral neck. and then it was decreased rapidly after 43－49(七七) years group in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck. Therefore we concluded that T-score of female in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck change according to age group in $\ll$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun; 黃帝內經 素問$\gg$. 2. In BMI, T-score of lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck were increased according to BMI increase. 3. In amount of drinking and smoking, T-score was highest in heavy groups(women who have drunk soju more than 4 bottles for a week) in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck. But there t was no significant difference in comparison according to age group. 4. In exercise, T-score was higher in exercising group than non exercising group. And it appeared that women who have taken proper exercise had higher T-score than women who have taken exercise daily. 5. T-score was higher in women who ordinarily sleep well in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck than sleep badly. And there was significant difference in 43-56 years group. 6. T-score was low in the group that exceed 110mg/dl in fast blood sugar. Conclusions : The age group in $\ll$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun; 黃帝內經 素問$\gg$ is related to BMD of women. And risk factors-BMI, exercise, sleep, fast blood sugar, thyroid disease-are related to BMD of women. Therefore we expect that this study will help for prevention of osteoporosis of women, and further study will be achieved.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.147-169
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• 2007

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of BGG on atopic dermatitis, we investigated the composition of immune cells of lymph node, PBMC and skin of Dermatophagoides farinae-induced NC/Nga mice. The levels of immunoglobulins in serum were analyzed at the protein level and the amount of pathologic cytokines were investigated using CD3/CD28 stimulated splenocytes. The results are summarized below; 1. BGG showed no cytotoxic effect up to $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ on mLFC in vitro. 2. BGG showed no hepatotoxicity in vivo based on the levels of ALT and AST. 3. Atopic dermatitis was improved through naked eye examination. BGG reduced the skin clinical index from 2.9 to 1.3 (p<0.01). 4. H&E and toluidine blue staining of tissue biopsies revealed that BGG inhibited the infiltration of lymphocytes and mast cells to skin. 5. BGG reduced the number of CD19 positive B cells in PBMCs by 16% (p<0.01), whereas cells were increased by 26% (p<0.05) in lymph nodes. 6. BGG reduced the numbers of B220+/CD23+ cells by 15% (p<0.01) and 33% in PBMCs and lymph node, respectively. 7. BGG reduced the numbers of B220+/IgE+ cells in PBMCs and lymph node by 21% and 33% (p<0.01), respectively. 8. BGG suppressed the levels of IgE (13%, p<0.001) as well as IgM (34%, p<0.001), IgG2a (40%, p<0.001) and IgG2b (26%, p<0.05). 9. BGG reduced the levels of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ by 7% (p<0.05) and 13% (p<0.001) in anti-CD3 and anti-CD28-activated splenocytes, respectively. 10. BGG considerably inhibited the production of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 by 42% (p<0.01) and 15% in the serum, respectively. Based on the results above, we concluded that BGG has therapeutic effects on atopic dermatitis by regulating the differentiation of B cells and isotype switching of IgE. Further investigations on the molecular mechanisms of BGG on atopic dermatitis are anticipated.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2015

꾸지뽕 열매의 부가가치를 증대하기 위해 꾸지뽕 발효식초를 제조하고 그의 발효조건을 확립하였다. 전통발효식품으로부터 초산내성, 초산 고생산능, ethanol 내성 및 아황산 내성이 우수한 49종의 초산 균주를 분리하였고, 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열의 해독 결과, Acetobacter indonesiensis, A. cerevisiae, A. orientalis, A. tropicalis, A. fabarum, A. pasteurianus 및 A. syzygii으로 동정되었다. 이들 중 GRAS 균주인 A. pasteurianus SCMA5와 SCMA6를 발효 균주로 최종 선정하였다. 최적 발효는 꾸지뽕 열매 함량이 40%(v/v)인 즙액과 5%(v/v) ethanol을 첨가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 72시간 발효가 가장 적절하였다. 관능평가 결과, SCMA06 균주를 적용한 발효액의 선호도가 SCMA05 균주를 적용한 발효액보다 높았다. SCMA06 균주를 사용한 발효식초에서 항산화 능력을 측정하는 DPPH 라디컬 소거활성의 경우 대조구에 비해 $53.02{\pm}0.78%$이상 높게 나타났고, 항당뇨 능력을 측정하는 AGI활성은 발효 72시간에 $91.40{\pm}2.43%$ 저해능을 보여 시판중인 acarbose보다 활성이 높았다. 이번 연구는 꾸지뽕 열매를 활용한 발효식초 제조를 위한 산업화 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2014

Objective : Polycan, exopolymers purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 and calcium gluconate have been showed favorable inhibitory effects on the periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. In the present study, we intended to observe the possible synergic effects of mixed formula consisted of Polycan and calcium gluconate on ligation-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses in rats, and to select the fittest compositions for further developing as effective agents to ameliorate periodontal diseases. Method : Experiments were conducted as two separated two tests - first is synergic effects of Polycan and calcium gluconate 1:1, 1:9 and 9:1 mixtures, and second is 1:99, 2:98, 4:96, 8:92 and 1:9 mixtures. Experimental periodontal diseases were induced by ligature placed around the cervix of upper left incisior teeth of rats. One day after ligation placements, 200mg/kg of each single or mixed formulas of Polycan or/and calcium gluconate were orally administered for 10 days. The changes on the alveolar bone loss index and maxillary bone mineral density (BMD) were observed for detecting alveolar bone losses, and for anti-inflammatory effects, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor; TNF-${\alpha}$) contents were also evaluated in gingival tissues around ligature placed incisior teeth. The results of mixtures were compared with those of singe Polycan and calcium gluconate treated rat. Results : Each single or mixed formulas of Polycan or/and calcium gluconate favorably and significantly inhibited the inflammatory changes. The inhibitory effects of mixed formula consisted of Polycan and calcium gluconate 1:9 showed against periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses as compared with those of each Polycan and calcium gluconate single formula (p<0.05). In second experiment, Polycan and calcium gluconate 2:98, 4:96, 8:92 and 1:9 mixed formulas also showed significant increased anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effects against alveolar bone losses as compared with those of each single formula. Among them, Polycan and calcium gluconate 2:98 showed the highest efficacy against to ligation-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that appropriated mixtures of Polycan and calcium gluconate showed synergic inhibitory effects against ligation-induced experimental periodontitis and related alveolar bone losses in rats. Moreover, Polycan and calcium gluconate 2:98 showed the highest efficacies in this experiment, suggesting the fittest composition for further developing as effective agents to ameliorate periodontal diseases.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2000년도 제18회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.77-77
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• 2000

Titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films have valuable properties such as a high refractive index, excellent transmittance in the visible and near-IR frequency, and high chemical stability. Therefore it is extensively used in anti-reflection coating, sensor, and photocatalysis as electrical and optical applications. Specially, TiO2 have a high dielectric constant of 180 along the c axis and 90 along the a axis, so it is highlighted in fabricating dielectric capacitors in micro electronic devices. A variety of methods have been used to produce patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), including microcontact printing ($\mu$CP), UV-photolithotgraphy, e-beam lithography, scanned-probe based micro-machining, and atom-lithography. Above all, thin film fabrication on $\mu$CP modified surface is a potentially low-cost, high-throughput method, because it does not require expensive photolithographic equipment, and it produce micrometer scale patterns in thin film materials. The patterned SAMs were used as thin resists, to transfer patterns onto thin films either by chemical etching or by selective deposition. In this study, we deposited TiO2 thin films on Si (1000 substrateds using titanium (IV) isopropoxide ([Ti(O(C3H7)4)] ; TIP as a single molecular precursor at deposition temperature in the range of 300-$700^{\circ}C$ without any carrier and bubbler gas. Crack-free, highly oriented TiO2 polycrystalline thin films with anatase phase and stoichimetric ratio of Ti and O were successfully deposited on Si(100) at temperature as low as 50$0^{\circ}C$. XRD and TED data showed that below 50$0^{\circ}C$, the TiO2 thin films were dominantly grown on Si(100) surfaces in the [211] direction, whereas with increasing the deposition temperature to $700^{\circ}C$, the main films growth direction was changed to be [200]. Two distinct growth behaviors were observed from the Arhenius plots. In addition to deposition of THe TiO2 thin films on Si(100) substrates, patterning of TiO2 thin films was also performed at grown temperature in the range of 300-50$0^{\circ}C$ by MOCVD onto the Si(100) substrates of which surface was modified by organic thin film template. The organic thin film of SAm is obtained by the $\mu$CP method. Alpha-step profile and optical microscope images showed that the boundaries between SAMs areas and selectively deposited TiO2 thin film areas are very definite and sharp. Capacitance - Voltage measurements made on TiO2 films gave a dielectric constant of 29, suggesting a possibility of electronic material applications.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

The study was carried out to characterize the pharmacokinetics after intravenous (iv, 20 mg/kg) and oral (p.o. 100 mg/kg) administration as oxytetracycline (OTC) and tiamulin (TIA) mixture in swine and to determine interaction between OTC and TIA against various pig pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial effects of OTC in combination with TIA in vitro showed synergistic effect against Salmonella typhimurium 1925, Pasteurella multocida Type A, P. multocida Type D, Krebsiella Pneumoniae 2001, K. Pneumoniae 1560, K. Pneumoniae 2208, Haemophillus pleuropneumonia S 2, and H. pleuropneumonia S 5, but against additive effect E. coli K88ab and S. choleraesuis on the basis of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. On the while, after i.v. and p.o. administration of OTC and TIA mixture, each OTC and TIA concentrations in plasma were fitted to an open two-compartment model. After i.v. administration of OTC-TIA mixture, the mean distribution half-life ($T_{1/2{\alpha}}$) of OTC and TIA in plasma showed 0.29 h and 0.17 h, and the mean elimination half-life ($T_{1/2{\beta}}$) of those was 4.36 h and 6.64 h, respectively. The mean volume of distribution at steady state ($Vd_{ss}$) of OTC and TIA was $0.85{\ell}/kg$ and $2.44{\ell}/kg$, respectively. After oral administration of OTC and TIA mixture, the mean maximal absorption concentrations ($C_{max}$) of OTC and TIA were $0.60{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at 1.07 h ($T_{max}$) and $1.68{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ at 1.85 h ($T_{max}$), respectively. The mean elimination half-life ($T_{1/2{\beta}}$) of those showed 6.84 h and 6.36 h. In conclusion, we could suggest in this study that the combination of OTC and TIA may be recommended for the antibacterial therapy against polymicrobial infections, and both OTC and TIA showed large distribution to tissues and high $C_{max}$ after p.o. administration.