• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.135-147
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• 2008

Objectives: Oriental pear was used as traditional remedies for respiratory diseases like cough and asthma etc. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of preventing asthma by the combination of phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs. Methods: In order to study the effects of preventing asthma by the combination of phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs(Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus armeniaca) on allergic asthma, mice were pre-treated by oral administration of the solution before antigen sensitization for 10 days and 20days. And 2 days later, mice were actively sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and 13 days later, they were provoked with ovalbumin aerosols. The experimental groups were divided 6groups(10d1P, 10d2P, 10d4P, 20d1P, 20d2P and 20d4P) by meditation quantity and period. We measured isometric contractile responses to acetylcholine(ACh) and KCl in the isolated tracheal smooth muscle(TSM), IL-4, eosinophil and lymphocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), IgE in serum, WBC, RBC and hemoglobin in blood. Results: Contractile responses of TSM to ACh, the sensitivity of TSM to Ach and the maximal contractile response of TSM to KCl were decreased by direct proportion of meditation quantity. Eosinophil and IL-4 level in BALF were more significantly decreased, and IgE level in serum was more significantly increased in 10d4P and 20d4P group than the control group. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is assumed that oral administration of the combination of phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs(Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus armeniaca) can help the preventing effects of allergic asthma.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.577-585
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• 2014

The cosmetic and stimulating effects of lemon oil have been widely proven in the fields of beauty therapy and psychology therapy. But the lemon oil's proper effects on the anti asthma and the anti inflammation have not rarely been verified. This study was conducted to find out the lemon oil's effects on the anti asthma and anti inflammation in the OVA-induced allergic asthma mice model. OVA-induced allergic asthma mice were divided into 4 groups consisting of normal group, control group, positive control group and experimental group. 0.3% of lemon oil was nebulized to experimental group for 3 weeks on a basis of 3 times per week and 30 min each time. After 6 weeks from the initial experiment, the degree of hyper activeness of respiratory system, the hematological change, the amount of the cytokein in serum, the change of airway organization were evaluated. The results showed that lemon oil controled effectively the hyper activeness of respiratory system and restricted the multiplication of cells in acidophil in terms of statistical significance. It also turned out that lemon oil restricted effectively the infection of airway reaction and the hyper sensitiveness of respiratory system by controlling the creation of histamine(cytokein) and IgE.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2008

Allergic diseases have been dramarically increased over recent years, especially in industrialized countries. Oxidative stress has been believed to playa significant role in the occurrence of the allergic inflammatory responses. Although previous studies concerning oxidative stress and systemic inflammation have been reported, few data is available, and other allergic diseases, except for asthma, are hardly studied about the association with oxidative stress. This study evaluated the relationship between allergic disease and Malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of oxidative stress. The study population was 197 male adults living in an industrial area. The ISAAC questionnaire was used to confirm wheezing and rhinitis, and atopy was evaluated by skin prick test. MDA was analyzed by spectrophotometer. To examine bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), methacholine test was performed, and the index of bronchial responsiveness (BR index) was calculated. We used multivariate logistic regression model and general linear model with SAS program. We found significant associations of MDA with brindex (p=0.023), rhinitis (p=0.016), atopy (p=0.03), adjusted by age, smoking, and body mass index (BMI). On the contrary, there was no significant difference of MDA with the status of asthma. Our result suggests that oxidative stress may playa major role in the occurrence of allergic response in male adults.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.749-757
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with allergic rhinitis in Korean adults. The investigation was based on secondary data analysis using the National Health and Nutrition Survey data. The subjects of this study were 5,841 adults aged 19 years or older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey for the first year (2016). The collected data were analyzed by complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS Statistics 24. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 15.4%. In addition, factors related to allergic rhinitis included gender, age, marital status, stress, depression, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The results of this study can be used as basic data for policy and interventions to prevent allergic rhinitis and manage symptoms.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2008

Frankincense, the gum resin derived from Boswellia species, is complex mixtures composed of about $5{\sim}9%$ highly aromatic essential oil, $65{\sim}85%$ alcohol-soluble resins, and the remaining water-soluble gums. The anti-inflammatory properties of frankincense, alcohole-soluble resins, are well-recognized, but the question of whether aromatic essential oil also plays a role in the allergic asthma remains unanswered. This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of Boswellia sacra essential oil (BSEO) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal OVA sensitization were challenged with intratracheal OVA. One experimental group was inhaled with 0.3% BSEO for the later 8 weeks. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA and developed airway eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. In contrast, the BSEO treated mice had reduced a number of eosinophils among BALF cells, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Cytokine analysis of BALF revealed that BSEO caused an increase in Th1 cytokine (interferon-$\gamma$ (IFN-$\gamma$)) and a decrease in Th2 cytokines (interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13) levels. In addition, the OVA-specific serum IgE and eotaxin levels were also reduced. In mice inhaled BSEO, $CD4^+$, $CD3^+/CCR3^+$, and $B220^+/CD23^+$ mediastinal lymph nodes cells were also decreased. These results suggest that inhaled BSEO as a immunomodulator in Th1/Th2 mediated asthma may have therapeutic potential for the treatment in allergic airway inflammation by a simple, cost-effective way.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2005

The monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP3), on chromosome 17q11.2-q12, is a secreted chemokine, which attracts macrophages during inflammation and metastasis. In an effort to discover additional polymorphism(s) in genes whose variant(s) have been implicated in asthma, we scrutinized the genetic polymorphisms in MCP3 to evaluate it as a potential candidate gene for asthma host genetic study. By direct DNA sequencing in twenty-four individuals, we identified four sequence variants within the 3 kb full genome including 1,000bp promoter region of MCP3; one in promoter region (-420T>C), three in intron (+136C>G, +563C>T, +984G>A) respectively. The frequencies of those four SNPs were 0.020 (-420T>C), 0.038 (+136C>G), 0.080 (+563C>T), 0.035 (+984G>A), respectively, in Korean population (n = 598). Haplotypes, their frequencies and linkage disequilibrium coefficients (|D'|) between SNP pairs were estimated. The associations with the risk of asthma, skin-test reactivity and total serum IgE levels were analyzed. Using statistical analyses for association of MCP3 polymorphisms with asthma development and asthma-related phenotypes, no significant signals were detected. In conclusion, we identified four genetic polymorphisms in the important MCP3 gene, but no significant associations of MCP3 variants with asthma phenotypes were detected. MCP3 variation/haplotype information identified in this study will provide valuable information for future association studies of other allergic diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.373-379
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• 2011

Purpose: 4-1BB (CD 137) is a costimulatory molecule expressed on activated T-cells. Repression by 4-1BB is thought to attenuate Th2-mediated allergic reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4-1BB on allergic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. Methods: BALB/c mice were sensitized to and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Hu.4-1BB-Fc was administered 1 day before the first OVA sensitization or 1 day after the second OVA sensitization. Following antigen challenge, airway responsiveness to methacholine was assessed and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analyzed. Total immunoglobulin (Ig) E, OVA-specific IgE, $IgG_1$, and $IgG_{2a}$ levels in sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lung pathology was also evaluated. Results: In mice treated with Hu.4-1BB-Fc before the first OVA sensitization, there was a marked decrease in airway hyperresponsiveness, total cell count, and eosinophil count in the BAL fluid. In addition, Hu.4-1BB-Fc treatment decreased serum OVA-specific $IgG_1$ levels and increased serum $IgG_{2a}$ level significantly compared with the corresponding levels in mice sensitized to and challenged with OVA. Hu.4-1BB-Fc-treated mice also showed suppressed peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration. In contrast, treatment with Hu.4-1BB-Fc 1 day after sensitization had no effect on airway hyperresponsiveness and showed less suppression of inflammation in lung tissue. Conclusion: Administration of Hu.4-1BB-Fc can attenuate airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. In addition, administration before sensitization may be more effective. These findings suggest that 4-1BB may be a useful therapeutic molecule against asthma.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of allergic diseases associated with the housing environment and the psychological attitude of residents towards relevant risk factors. This study surveyed 1,200 people. In the first round, 200 participants were questioned through direct survey methods, while 1,000 participants filled out an online survey in the second round. Selected study subjects consisted of allergic diseases known to be closely related to housing environment factors. With advice from medical experts, the analysis included the examination of the prevalence status regarding five types of allergy-related diseases-allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, asthma and headache-with the range of disease incidence set within the past ten years. The survey was conducted on all age groups except those nine years old and younger, and the findings are as follows. Allergic diseases were found to be more prevalent among women than men. Residents identified effective methods for the alleviation and treatment of allergic diseases as ventilation, use of environmentally-friendly finishing materials, maintenance of a clean living space through cleaning or washing, and sunlight exposure. Residents' understanding of allergic diseases varied depending on their experience with such diseases and residential characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1662-1667
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• 2011

Anthocyanins belong to a group of flavonoid compounds and are well known for their various health beneficial effects, which include antioxidative activities. Among them, the major anthocyanins isolated from seed coat of black soybean (Glycine max L.) were previously characterized as glycosides containing glucopyranose. Asthma is an allergic disease that is strongly associated with various immune cells, including basophils and mast cells. Eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells play important roles in allergic asthma through the release of inflammatory mediators such as asthma-specific T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and subsequent amplification of asthma symptoms via degranulation. Rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells are the most common in vitro models for evaluating allergic reactions. In this study, we examined the effects of anthocyanin from seed coat of black soybean on antigen-stimulated degranulation and Th2 cytokine production in RBL-2H3 cells. Cell degranulation was evaluated by measuring the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase. ${\beta}$-Hexosaminidase release and Th2 cytokine production in RBL-2H3 cells was much higher upon stimulation with IgE-antigen complex than those in untreated control cells. Anthocyanins significantly suppressed IgE-antigen complex-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and inhibited IgE-antigen complex-mediated interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) production in RBL-2H3 cells. These findings suggest that anthocyanins from seed coat of black soybean effectively inhibit allergic reactions and may have beneficial effects against allergic asthma.

• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.16.1-16.5
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• 2016

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a novel interleukin (IL)-7-like cytokine and was originally discovered in the supernatant of a murine thymic stromal cell line. TSLP signal initiates via complex of the TSLP receptor and the IL-7 receptor α chain. TSLP expression is closely connected with many diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, inflammatory arthritis, eosinophilic esophagitis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer. In this review, I discussed biological roles of TSLP on mast cell-mediated allergic responses. In addition, this review summarizes the effective drugs in allergic-inflammatory reactions induced by TSLP on mast cells.